Articles | Volume 18, issue 10
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4113-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4113-2014
© Author(s) 2014. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Oct 2014
Research article |
| 16 Oct 2014
Stable water isotope tracing through hydrological models for disentangling runoff generation processes at the hillslope scale
D. Windhorst
Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
Departamento de Recursos Hídricos y Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
H.-G. Frede
Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
L. Breuer
Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management (ILR), Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition (IFZ), Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
Related authors
E. Timbe, D. Windhorst, R. Celleri, L. Timbe, P. Crespo, H.-G. Frede, J. Feyen, and L. Breuer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1153–1168, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1153-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1153-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Stream, soil and precipitation waters were collected in a tropical montane cloud forest catchment for 2 years and analyzed for stable water isotopes in order to infer transit time distribution functions and mean transit times for semi-steady-state conditions. Samples were aggregated to diverse sampling resolutions for checking the sensitivity of sampling frequency on lumped-model predictions. Results provide valuable information for the planning of future fieldwork in similar catchments.
E. Timbe, D. Windhorst, P. Crespo, H.-G. Frede, J. Feyen, and L. Breuer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1503–1523, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1503-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1503-2014, 2014
Max Weißenborn, Lutz Breuer, and Tobias Houska
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-183, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-183, 2024
Preprint under review for HESS
Short summary
Short summary
Our study compares neural network models for predicting discharge in ungauged basins. We evaluated Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) using 28 years of weather data. CNN showed the best accuracy, while GRU were faster and nearly as accurate. Adding static features improved all models. The research enhances flood forecasting and water management in regions lacking direct measurements, offering efficient and accurate predictive tools.
Azam Masoodi and Philipp Kraft
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1276, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1276, 2024
Preprint archived
Short summary
Short summary
Our research delves into how vegetation affects water flow over land during heavy rain and how accurately we can predict it. We tested various ways of estimating surface roughness in hydrological models, using data from simulated rainfall on hillslopes in Germany. Using advanced modeling techniques, we found that certain approaches, those considering vegetation, perform better in simulating overland flow dynamics.
Elizabeth Gachibu Wangari, Ricky Mwangada Mwanake, Tobias Houska, David Kraus, Gretchen Maria Gettel, Ralf Kiese, Lutz Breuer, and Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
Biogeosciences, 20, 5029–5067, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5029-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5029-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Agricultural landscapes act as sinks or sources of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) CO2, CH4, or N2O. Various physicochemical and biological processes control the fluxes of these GHGs between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Therefore, fluxes depend on environmental conditions such as soil moisture, soil temperature, or soil parameters, which result in large spatial and temporal variations of GHG fluxes. Here, we describe an example of how this variation may be studied and analyzed.
Ricky Mwangada Mwanake, Gretchen Maria Gettel, Elizabeth Gachibu Wangari, Clarissa Glaser, Tobias Houska, Lutz Breuer, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, and Ralf Kiese
Biogeosciences, 20, 3395–3422, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3395-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3395-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Despite occupying <1 %; of the globe, streams are significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study, we determined anthropogenic effects on GHG emissions from streams. We found that anthropogenic-influenced streams had up to 20 times more annual GHG emissions than natural ones and were also responsible for seasonal peaks. Anthropogenic influences also altered declining GHG flux trends with stream size, with potential impacts on stream-size-based spatial upscaling techniques.
Jaqueline Stenfert Kroese, John N. Quinton, Suzanne R. Jacobs, Lutz Breuer, and Mariana C. Rufino
SOIL, 7, 53–70, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-53-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-7-53-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Particulate macronutrient concentrations were up to 3-fold higher in a natural forest catchment compared to fertilized agricultural catchments. Although the particulate macronutrient concentrations were lower in the smallholder agriculture catchment, because of higher sediment loads from that catchment, the total particulate macronutrient loads were higher. Land management practices should be focused on agricultural land to reduce the loss of soil carbon and nutrients to the stream.
Amani Mahindawansha, Christoph Külls, Philipp Kraft, and Lutz Breuer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3627–3642, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3627-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3627-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Stable isotopes of soil water are an effective tool to reveal soil hydrological processes in irrigated agricultural fields. Flow mechanisms and isotopic patterns of soil water in the soil matrix differ, depending on the crop and irrigation practices. Isotope data supported the fact that unproductive water losses via evaporation can be reduced by introducing dry seasonal crops to the crop rotation system.
Michael C. Thrun, Alfred Ultsch, and Lutz Breuer
Geosci. Model Dev. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-87, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2020-87, 2020
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
We propose an explainable AI (XAI) framework for times series describing water quality & environmental parameters. The relationship between parameters is investigated by swarm based cluster analysis designed to find similar days within & dissimilar days between clusters. Resulting clusters define three states of water bodies & are visualized by a topographic map of high-dimensional structures. Rules generated by the XAI system explain clusters & improve the understanding of aquatic environments.
Florian U. Jehn, Konrad Bestian, Lutz Breuer, Philipp Kraft, and Tobias Houska
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 1081–1100, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1081-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1081-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We grouped 643 rivers from the United States into 10 behavioral groups based on their hydrological behavior (e.g., how much water they transport overall). Those groups are aligned with the ecoregions in the United States. Depending on the groups’ location and other characteristics, either snow, aridity or seasonality is most important for the behavior of the rivers in a group. We also find that very similar river behavior can be found in rivers far apart and with different characteristics.
Sebastian Multsch, Maarten S. Krol, Markus Pahlow, André L. C. Assunção, Alberto G. O. P. Barretto, Quirijn de Jong van Lier, and Lutz Breuer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 307–324, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-307-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-307-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Expanding irrigation in agriculture is one of Brazil's strategies to increase production. In this study the amount of water required to grow the main crops has been calculated and compared to the water that is available in rivers at least 95 % of the time. Future decisions regarding expanding irrigated cropping areas must, while intensifying production practices, consider the likely regional effects on water scarcity levels, in order to reach sustainable agricultural production.
Suzanne R. Jacobs, Edison Timbe, Björn Weeser, Mariana C. Rufino, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, and Lutz Breuer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4981–5000, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4981-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4981-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigated how land use affects stream water sources and flow paths in an East African tropical montane area. Rainfall was identified as an important stream water source in the forest and smallholder agriculture sub-catchments, while springs were more important in the commercial tea plantation sub-catchment. However, 15 % or less of the stream water consisted of water with an age of less than 3 months, indicating that groundwater plays an important role in all land use types.
Florian U. Jehn, Lutz Breuer, Tobias Houska, Konrad Bestian, and Philipp Kraft
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4565–4581, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4565-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4565-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
By realizing that hydrological models are not one single hypothesis, but an assemblage of many hypotheses, new ways to scrutinize hydrological models are needed. Up until now, studies concentrate on comparing existing models or built models incrementally. This approach here tries to tackle the problem the other way around. We construct a complex model, containing all processes important for the catchment, and deconstruct it step by step to understand the influence of single processes.
Natalie Orlowski, Lutz Breuer, Nicolas Angeli, Pascal Boeckx, Christophe Brumbt, Craig S. Cook, Maren Dubbert, Jens Dyckmans, Barbora Gallagher, Benjamin Gralher, Barbara Herbstritt, Pedro Hervé-Fernández, Christophe Hissler, Paul Koeniger, Arnaud Legout, Chandelle Joan Macdonald, Carlos Oyarzún, Regine Redelstein, Christof Seidler, Rolf Siegwolf, Christine Stumpp, Simon Thomsen, Markus Weiler, Christiane Werner, and Jeffrey J. McDonnell
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 3619–3637, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3619-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3619-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To extract water from soils for isotopic analysis, cryogenic water extraction is the most widely used removal technique. This work presents results from a worldwide laboratory intercomparison test of cryogenic extraction systems. Our results showed large differences in retrieved isotopic signatures among participating laboratories linked to interactions between soil type and properties, system setup, extraction efficiency, extraction system leaks, and each lab’s internal accuracy.
Tobias Houska, David Kraus, Ralf Kiese, and Lutz Breuer
Biogeosciences, 14, 3487–3508, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3487-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3487-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
CO2 and N2O are two prominent GHGs contributing to global warming. We combined measurement and modelling to quantify GHG emissions from adjacent arable, forest and grassland sites in Germany. Measured emissions reveal seasonal patterns and management effects like fertilizer application, tillage, harvest and grazing. Modelling helps to estimate the magnitude and uncertainty of not measurable C and N fluxes and indicates missing input source, e.g. nitrate uptake from groundwater.
Natalie Orlowski, Philipp Kraft, Jakob Pferdmenges, and Lutz Breuer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3873–3894, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3873-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3873-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The 2-year measurements of δ2H and δ18O in rainfall, stream, soil, and groundwater revealed that surface and groundwater are isotopically disconnected from the annual precipitation cycle but showed bidirectional interactions in the Schwingbach catchment. We established a hydrological model to estimate spatially distributed groundwater ages and flow directions. Our model revealed complex age dynamics and showed that runoff must have been stored in the catchment for much longer than event water.
Giovanny M. Mosquera, Catalina Segura, Kellie B. Vaché, David Windhorst, Lutz Breuer, and Patricio Crespo
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2987–3004, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2987-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2987-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on the investigation of baseflow mean transit times (MTTs) in a high-elevation tropical ecosystem (páramo) using stable water isotopes. Results showed short MTTs (< 9 months) and topographic controls on their spatial variability. We conclude that (1) the hydrology of the ecosystem is dominated by shallow subsurface flow and (2) the interplay between the high storage capacity of the páramo soils and the catchments' slopes provides the ecosystem with high regulation capacity.
A. H. Aubert, O. Schnepel, P. Kraft, T. Houska, I. Plesca, N. Orlowski, and L. Breuer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-11591-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-11591-2015, 2015
Revised manuscript not accepted
Short summary
Short summary
Studienlandschaft Schwingbachtal is an out-door full-scale study site since 2008. It deals with hydrology in an interdisciplinary approach and enhances active learning by various means (field monitoring, education trails and geocache). In order to adapt to the change in students habits and to suit better as a communication tool for the locals, it is newly equipped with augmented reality which adds virtual objects on the real landscape, making learning pleasant.
S. Multsch, J.-F. Exbrayat, M. Kirby, N. R. Viney, H.-G. Frede, and L. Breuer
Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 1233–1244, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1233-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-1233-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Irrigation agriculture is required to sustain yields that allow feeding the world population. A robust assessment of irrigation requirement (IRR) relies on a sound quantification of evapotranspiration (ET). We prepared a multi-model ensemble considering several ET methods and investigate uncertainties in simulating IRR. More generally, we provide an example of the value of investigating the uncertainty in models that may be used to inform policy-making and to elaborate best management practices.
E. Timbe, D. Windhorst, R. Celleri, L. Timbe, P. Crespo, H.-G. Frede, J. Feyen, and L. Breuer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1153–1168, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1153-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1153-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Stream, soil and precipitation waters were collected in a tropical montane cloud forest catchment for 2 years and analyzed for stable water isotopes in order to infer transit time distribution functions and mean transit times for semi-steady-state conditions. Samples were aggregated to diverse sampling resolutions for checking the sensitivity of sampling frequency on lumped-model predictions. Results provide valuable information for the planning of future fieldwork in similar catchments.
H. M. Holländer, H. Bormann, T. Blume, W. Buytaert, G. B. Chirico, J.-F. Exbrayat, D. Gustafsson, H. Hölzel, T. Krauße, P. Kraft, S. Stoll, G. Blöschl, and H. Flühler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2065–2085, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2065-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2065-2014, 2014
E. Timbe, D. Windhorst, P. Crespo, H.-G. Frede, J. Feyen, and L. Breuer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1503–1523, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1503-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1503-2014, 2014
T. Houska, S. Multsch, P. Kraft, H.-G. Frede, and L. Breuer
Biogeosciences, 11, 2069–2082, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2069-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2069-2014, 2014
N. Orlowski, H.-G. Frede, N. Brüggemann, and L. Breuer
J. Sens. Sens. Syst., 2, 179–193, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-179-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/jsss-2-179-2013, 2013
S. Multsch, Y. A. Al-Rumaikhani, H.-G. Frede, and L. Breuer
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 1043–1059, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1043-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-1043-2013, 2013
D. Windhorst, T. Waltz, E. Timbe, H.-G. Frede, and L. Breuer
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 409–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-409-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-409-2013, 2013
J.-F. Exbrayat, N. R. Viney, H.-G. Frede, and L. Breuer
Geosci. Model Dev., 6, 117–125, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-117-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-117-2013, 2013
Related subject area
Subject: Hillslope hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
Technical note: Monitoring discharge of mountain streams by retrieving image features with deep learning
Investigation of the functional relationship between antecedent rainfall and the probability of debris flow occurrence in Jiangjia Gully, China
Rapid spatio-temporal flood modelling via hydraulics-based graph neural networks
Understanding hydrologic controls of sloping soil response to precipitation through machine learning analysis applied to synthetic data
Elucidating the role of soil hydraulic properties on aspect-dependent landslide initiation
Recession discharge from compartmentalized bedrock hillslopes
Frozen soil hydrological modeling for a mountainous catchment northeast of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
On the similarity of hillslope hydrologic function: a clustering approach based on groundwater changes
Spatiotemporal changes in flow hydraulic characteristics and soil loss during gully headcut erosion under controlled conditions
Estimation of rainfall erosivity based on WRF-derived raindrop size distributions
Physically based model for gully simulation: application to the Brazilian semiarid region
Assessing the perturbations of the hydrogeological regime in sloping fens due to roads
A review of the (Revised) Universal Soil Loss Equation ((R)USLE): with a view to increasing its global applicability and improving soil loss estimates
Hybridizing Bayesian and variational data assimilation for high-resolution hydrologic forecasting
Multi-source data assimilation for physically based hydrological modeling of an experimental hillslope
A new method, with application, for analysis of the impacts on flood risk of widely distributed enhanced hillslope storage
Towards improved parameterization of a macroscale hydrologic model in a discontinuous permafrost boreal forest ecosystem
Reconstructing long-term gully dynamics in Mediterranean agricultural areas
Evaluating performance of simplified physically based models for shallow landslide susceptibility
Multiresponse modeling of variably saturated flow and isotope tracer transport for a hillslope experiment at the Landscape Evolution Observatory
Determinants of modelling choices for 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics: a review
Use of satellite and modeled soil moisture data for predicting event soil loss at plot scale
Quantification of the influence of preferential flow on slope stability using a numerical modelling approach
Hydrological hysteresis and its value for assessing process consistency in catchment conceptual models
Derivation and evaluation of landslide-triggering thresholds by a Monte Carlo approach
Analysis of landslide triggering conditions in the Sarno area using a physically based model
The influence of grid resolution on the prediction of natural and road-related shallow landslides
Incipient subsurface heterogeneity and its effect on overland flow generation – insight from a modeling study of the first experiment at the Biosphere 2 Landscape Evolution Observatory
Coupled prediction of flood response and debris flow initiation during warm- and cold-season events in the Southern Appalachians, USA
Predicting subsurface stormflow response of a forested hillslope – the role of connected flow paths
Interplay of riparian forest and groundwater in the hillslope hydrology of Sudanian West Africa (northern Benin)
A model-based assessment of the potential use of compound-specific stable isotope analysis in river monitoring of diffuse pesticide pollution
A paradigm shift in stormflow predictions for active tectonic regions with large-magnitude storms: generalisation of catchment observations by hydraulic sensitivity analysis and insight into soil-layer evolution
Derivation of critical rainfall thresholds for shallow landslides as a tool for debris flow early warning systems
Statistical analysis and modelling of surface runoff from arable fields in central Europe
Hydrological modelling of a slope covered with shallow pyroclastic deposits from field monitoring data
Physically based modeling of rainfall-triggered landslides: a case study in the Luquillo forest, Puerto Rico
Characterization of groundwater dynamics in landslides in varved clays
A critical assessment of simple recharge models: application to the UK Chalk
The effect of spatial throughfall patterns on soil moisture patterns at the hillslope scale
Snow accumulation/melting model (SAMM) for integrated use in regional scale landslide early warning systems
Suspended sediment concentration–discharge relationships in the (sub-) humid Ethiopian highlands
A model of hydrological and mechanical feedbacks of preferential fissure flow in a slow-moving landslide
Scale effect on overland flow connectivity at the plot scale
Physical models for classroom teaching in hydrology
Coupling the modified SCS-CN and RUSLE models to simulate hydrological effects of restoring vegetation in the Loess Plateau of China
Effects of peatland drainage management on peak flows
A conceptual model of the hydrological influence of fissures on landslide activity
A structure generator for modelling the initial sediment distribution of an artificial hydrologic catchment
A novel explicit approach to model bromide and pesticide transport in connected soil structures
Chenqi Fang, Genyu Yuan, Ziying Zheng, Qirui Zhong, and Kai Duan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 4085–4098, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4085-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4085-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Measuring discharge at steep, rocky mountain streams is challenging due to the difficulties in identifying cross-section characteristics and establishing stable stage–discharge relationships. We present a novel method using only a low-cost commercial camera and deep learning algorithms. Our study shows that deep convolutional neural networks can automatically recognize and retrieve complex stream features embedded in RGB images to achieve continuous discharge monitoring.
Shaojie Zhang, Xiaohu Lei, Hongjuan Yang, Kaiheng Hu, Juan Ma, Dunlong Liu, and Fanqiang Wei
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2343–2355, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2343-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2343-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Antecedent effective precipitation (AEP) plays an important role in debris flow formation, but the relationship between AEP and the debris flow occurrence (Pdf) is still not quantified. We used numerical calculation and the Monte Carlo integration method to solve this issue. The relationship between Pdf and AEP can be described by the piecewise function, and debris flow is a small-probability event comparing to rainfall frequency because the maximum Pdf in Jiangjia Gully is only 15.88 %.
Roberto Bentivoglio, Elvin Isufi, Sebastiaan Nicolas Jonkman, and Riccardo Taormina
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4227–4246, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4227-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4227-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
To overcome the computational cost of numerical models, we propose a deep-learning approach inspired by hydraulic models that can simulate the spatio-temporal evolution of floods. We show that the model can rapidly predict dike breach floods over different topographies and breach locations, with limited use of ground-truth data.
Daniel Camilo Roman Quintero, Pasquale Marino, Giovanni Francesco Santonastaso, and Roberto Greco
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 4151–4172, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4151-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4151-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows a methodological approach using machine learning techniques to disentangle the relationships among the variables in a synthetic dataset to identify suitable variables that control the hydrologic response of the slopes. It has been found that not only is the rainfall responsible for the water accumulation in the slope; the ground conditions (soil water content and aquifer water level) also indicate the activation of natural slope drainage mechanisms.
Yanglin Guo and Chao Ma
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1667–1682, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1667-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1667-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In a localized area with the same vegetation, an overwhelming propensity of shallow landslides on the south-facing slope over the north-facing slope could not be attributed to plant roots. We provide new evidence from the pore water pressure of failing mass, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, water storage, and drainage and the hillslope stability fluctuation to prove that the infinite slope model may be suitable for elucidating the aspect-dependent landslide distribution in the study area.
Clément Roques, David E. Rupp, Jean-Raynald de Dreuzy, Laurent Longuevergne, Elizabeth R. Jachens, Gordon Grant, Luc Aquilina, and John S. Selker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4391–4405, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4391-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4391-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Streamflow dynamics are directly dependent on contributions from groundwater, with hillslope heterogeneity being a major driver in controlling both spatial and temporal variabilities in recession discharge behaviors. By analysing new model results, this paper identifies the major structural features of aquifers driving streamflow dynamics. It provides important guidance to inform catchment-to-regional-scale models, with key geological knowledge influencing groundwater–surface water interactions.
Hongkai Gao, Chuntan Han, Rensheng Chen, Zijing Feng, Kang Wang, Fabrizio Fenicia, and Hubert Savenije
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4187–4208, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Frozen soil hydrology is one of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH). In this study, we developed a novel conceptual frozen soil hydrological model, FLEX-Topo-FS. The model successfully reproduced the soil freeze–thaw process, and its impacts on hydrologic connectivity, runoff generation, and groundwater. We believe this study is a breakthrough for the 23 UPH, giving us new insights on frozen soil hydrology, with broad implications for predicting cold region hydrology in future.
Fadji Z. Maina, Haruko M. Wainwright, Peter James Dennedy-Frank, and Erica R. Siirila-Woodburn
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3805–3823, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3805-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3805-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a hillslope clustering approach based on the seasonal changes in groundwater levels and test its performance by comparing it to several common clustering approaches (aridity index, topographic wetness index, elevation, land cover, and machine-learning clustering). The proposed approach is robust as it reasonably categorizes hillslopes with similar elevation, land cover, hydroclimate, land surface processes, and subsurface hydrodynamics, hence a similar hydrologic function.
Mingming Guo, Zhuoxin Chen, Wenlong Wang, Tianchao Wang, Qianhua Shi, Hongliang Kang, Man Zhao, and Lanqian Feng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4473–4494, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4473-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4473-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Gully headcut erosion is always a difficult issue in soil erosion, which hinders the revelation of gully erosion mechanisms and the establishment of a gully erosion model. This study clarified the spatiotemporal changes in flow properties, energy consumption, and soil loss, confirming that gully head consumed the most of flow energy (78 %) and can contribute 89 % of total soil loss. Critical energy consumption initiating soil erosion of the upstream area, gully head, and gully bed is confirmed.
Qiang Dai, Jingxuan Zhu, Shuliang Zhang, Shaonan Zhu, Dawei Han, and Guonian Lv
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 5407–5422, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5407-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5407-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Rainfall is a driving force that accounts for a large proportion of soil loss around the world. Most previous studies used a fixed rainfall–energy relationship to estimate rainfall energy, ignoring the spatial and temporal changes of raindrop microphysical processes. This study proposes a novel method for large-scale and long-term rainfall energy and rainfall erosivity investigations based on rainfall microphysical parameterization schemes in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model.
Pedro Henrique Lima Alencar, José Carlos de Araújo, and Adunias dos Santos Teixeira
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4239–4255, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4239-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4239-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soil erosion by water has been emphasized as a key problem to be faced in the 21st century. Thus, it is critical to understand land degradation and to answer fundamental questions regarding how and why such processes occur. Here, we present a model for gully erosion (channels carved by rainwater) based on existing equations, and we identify some major variables that influence the initiation and evolution of this process. The successful model can help in planning soil conservation practices.
Fabien Cochand, Daniel Käser, Philippe Grosvernier, Daniel Hunkeler, and Philip Brunner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 213–226, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-213-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-213-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Roads in sloping fens constitute a hydraulic barrier for surface and subsurface flow. This can lead to the drying out of downslope areas of the fen as well as gully erosion. By combining fieldwork and numerical models, this study presents an assessment of the hydrogeological impact of three road structures especially designed to limit their impact. The study shows that the impact of roads on the hydrological regime in fens can be significantly reduced by using appropriate engineering measures.
Rubianca Benavidez, Bethanna Jackson, Deborah Maxwell, and Kevin Norton
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 6059–6086, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6059-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-6059-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Soil erosion is a global problem and models identify vulnerable areas for management. One such model is the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation. We review its different sub-factors and compile studies and equations that modified it for local conditions. The limitations of RUSLE include its data requirements and exclusion of gullying and landslides. Future directions include accounting for these erosion types. This paper serves as a reference for others working with RUSLE and related approaches.
Felipe Hernández and Xu Liang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5759–5779, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5759-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5759-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Predicting floods requires first knowing the amount of water in the valleys, which is complicated because we cannot know for sure how much water there is in the soil. We created a unique system that combines the best methods to estimate these conditions accurately based on the observed water flow in the rivers and on detailed simulations of the valleys. Comparisons with popular methods show that our system can produce realistic predictions efficiently, even for very detailed river networks.
Anna Botto, Enrica Belluco, and Matteo Camporese
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 4251–4266, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4251-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4251-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present a multivariate application of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) in hydrological modeling of a real-world hillslope test case with dominant unsaturated dynamics and strong nonlinearities. Overall, the EnKF is able to correctly update system state and soil parameters. However, multivariate data assimilation may lead to significant tradeoffs between model predictions of different variables, if the observation data are not high quality or representative.
Peter Metcalfe, Keith Beven, Barry Hankin, and Rob Lamb
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 2589–2605, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2589-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2589-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Flooding is a significant hazard and extreme events in recent years have focused attention on effective means of reducing its risk. An approach known as natural flood management (NFM) seeks to increase flood resilience by a range of measures that work with natural processes. The paper develops a modelling approach to assess one type NFM of intervention – distributed additional hillslope storage features – and demonstrates that more strategic placement is required than has hitherto been applied.
Abraham Endalamaw, W. Robert Bolton, Jessica M. Young-Robertson, Don Morton, Larry Hinzman, and Bart Nijssen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4663–4680, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4663-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4663-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study applies plot-scale and hill-slope knowledge to a process-based mesoscale model to improve the skill of distributed hydrological models to simulate the spatially and basin-integrated hydrological processes of complex ecosystems in the sub-arctic boreal forest. We developed a sub-grid parameterization method to parameterize the surface heterogeneity of interior Alaskan discontinuous permafrost watersheds.
Antonio Hayas, Tom Vanwalleghem, Ana Laguna, Adolfo Peña, and Juan V. Giráldez
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 235–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-235-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-235-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Gully erosion is one of the most important erosion processes. In this study, we provide new data on gully dynamics over long timescales with an unprecedented temporal resolution. We apply a new Monte Carlo based method for calculating gully volumes based on orthophotos and, especially, for constraining uncertainties of these estimations. Our results show that gully erosion rates are highly variable from year to year and significantly higher than other erosion processes.
Giuseppe Formetta, Giovanna Capparelli, and Pasquale Versace
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4585–4603, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4585-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4585-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This paper focuses on performance evaluation of simplified, physically based landslide susceptibility models. It presents a new methodology to systemically and objectively calibrate, verify, and compare different models and models performances indicators in order to individuate and select the models whose behavior is more reliable for a certain case study. The procedure was implemented in a package for landslide susceptibility analysis and integrated the open-source hydrological model NewAge.
Carlotta Scudeler, Luke Pangle, Damiano Pasetto, Guo-Yue Niu, Till Volkmann, Claudio Paniconi, Mario Putti, and Peter Troch
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 4061–4078, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4061-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-4061-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Very few studies have applied a physically based hydrological model with integrated and distributed multivariate observation data of both flow and transport phenomena. In this study we address this challenge for a hillslope-scale unsaturated zone isotope tracer experiment. The results show how model complexity evolves as the number and detail of simulated responses increases. Possible gaps in process representation for simulating solute transport phenomena in very dry soils are discussed.
Bruno Cheviron and Roger Moussa
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3799–3830, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3799-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-3799-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
This review paper investigates the determinants of modelling choices for numerous applications of 1-D free-surface flow and morphodynamics in hydrology and hydraulics. Each case study has a signature composed of given contexts (spatiotemporal scales, flow typology, and phenomenology) and chosen concepts (refinement and subscales of the flow model). This review proposes a normative procedure possibly enriched by the community for a larger, comprehensive and updated image of modelling strategies.
F. Todisco, L. Brocca, L. F. Termite, and W. Wagner
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3845–3856, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3845-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3845-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new formulation of USLE, named Soil Moisture for Erosion (SM4E), that directly incorporates soil moisture information. SM4E is applied here by using modeled data and satellite observations obtained from the Advanced SCATterometer (ASCAT). SM4E is found to outperform USLE and USLE-MM models in silty–clay soil in central Italy. Through satellite data, there is the potential of applying SM4E for large-scale monitoring and quantification of the soil erosion process.
W. Shao, T. A. Bogaard, M. Bakker, and R. Greco
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2197–2212, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2197-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2197-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
The effect of preferential flow on the stability of landslides is studied through numerical simulation of two types of rainfall events on a hypothetical hillslope. A model is developed that consists of two parts. The first part is a model for combined saturated/unsaturated subsurface flow and is used to compute the spatial and temporal water pressure response to rainfall. Preferential flow is simulated with a dual-permeability continuum model consisting of a matrix/preferential flow domain.
O. Fovet, L. Ruiz, M. Hrachowitz, M. Faucheux, and C. Gascuel-Odoux
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 105–123, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-105-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-105-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the annual hysteretic patterns observed between stream flow and water storage in the saturated and unsaturated zones of a hillslope and a riparian zone. We described these signatures using a hysteresis index and then used this to assess conceptual hydrological models. This led us to identify four hydrological periods and a clearly distinct behaviour between riparian and hillslope groundwaters and to provide new information about the model performances.
D. J. Peres and A. Cancelliere
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4913–4931, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4913-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4913-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
A Monte Carlo approach, combining rainfall-stochastic models and hydrological and slope stability physically based models, is used to derive rainfall thresholds of landslide triggering. The uncertainty in threshold assessment related to variability of rainfall intensity within events and to past rainfall (antecedent rainfall) is analyzed and measured via ROC-based indexes, with a specific focus dedicated to the widely used power-law rainfall intensity-duration (I-D) thresholds.
G. Capparelli and P. Versace
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 3225–3237, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3225-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-3225-2014, 2014
D. Penna, M. Borga, G. T. Aronica, G. Brigandì, and P. Tarolli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2127–2139, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2127-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2127-2014, 2014
G.-Y. Niu, D. Pasetto, C. Scudeler, C. Paniconi, M. Putti, P. A. Troch, S. B. DeLong, K. Dontsova, L. Pangle, D. D. Breshears, J. Chorover, T. E. Huxman, J. Pelletier, S. R. Saleska, and X. Zeng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1873–1883, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1873-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1873-2014, 2014
J. Tao and A. P. Barros
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 367–388, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-367-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-367-2014, 2014
J. Wienhöfer and E. Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 121–138, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-121-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-121-2014, 2014
A. Richard, S. Galle, M. Descloitres, J.-M. Cohard, J.-P. Vandervaere, L. Séguis, and C. Peugeot
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 5079–5096, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-5079-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-5079-2013, 2013
S. R. Lutz, H. J. van Meerveld, M. J. Waterloo, H. P. Broers, and B. M. van Breukelen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4505–4524, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4505-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4505-2013, 2013
Makoto Tani
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4453–4470, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4453-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4453-2013, 2013
M. N. Papa, V. Medina, F. Ciervo, and A. Bateman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4095–4107, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4095-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4095-2013, 2013
P. Fiener, K. Auerswald, F. Winter, and M. Disse
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4121–4132, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4121-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4121-2013, 2013
R. Greco, L. Comegna, E. Damiano, A. Guida, L. Olivares, and L. Picarelli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4001–4013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4001-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4001-2013, 2013
C. Lepore, E. Arnone, L. V. Noto, G. Sivandran, and R. L. Bras
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 3371–3387, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3371-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3371-2013, 2013
J. E. van der Spek, T. A. Bogaard, and M. Bakker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2171–2183, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2171-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2171-2013, 2013
A. M. Ireson and A. P. Butler
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 2083–2096, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2083-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2083-2013, 2013
A. M. J. Coenders-Gerrits, L. Hopp, H. H. G. Savenije, and L. Pfister
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1749–1763, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1749-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1749-2013, 2013
G. Martelloni, S. Segoni, D. Lagomarsino, R. Fanti, and F. Catani
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1229–1240, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1229-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1229-2013, 2013
C. D. Guzman, S. A. Tilahun, A. D. Zegeye, and T. S. Steenhuis
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1067–1077, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1067-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1067-2013, 2013
D. M. Krzeminska, T. A. Bogaard, J.-P. Malet, and L. P. H. van Beek
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 947–959, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-947-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-947-2013, 2013
A. Peñuela, M. Javaux, and C. L. Bielders
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 87–101, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-87-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-87-2013, 2013
A. Rodhe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3075–3082, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3075-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3075-2012, 2012
G. Y. Gao, B. J. Fu, Y. H. Lü, Y. Liu, S. Wang, and J. Zhou
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2347–2364, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2347-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2347-2012, 2012
C. E. Ballard, N. McIntyre, and H. S. Wheater
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2299–2310, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2299-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2299-2012, 2012
D. M. Krzeminska, T. A. Bogaard, Th. W. J. van Asch, and L. P. H. van Beek
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 1561–1576, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1561-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1561-2012, 2012
T. Maurer, A. Schneider, and H. H. Gerke
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3617–3638, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3617-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3617-2011, 2011
J. Klaus and E. Zehe
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2127–2144, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2127-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2127-2011, 2011
Cited articles
Barthold, F. K., Tyralla, C., Schneider, K., Vaché, K. B., Frede, H.-G., and Breuer, L.: How many tracers do we need for end member mixing analysis (EMMA)? A sensitivity analysis, Water Resour. Res., 47, W08519, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010604, 2011.
Beck, E., Makeschin, F., Haubrich, F., Richter, M., Bendix, J., and Valerezo, C.: The Ecosystem (Reserva Biológica San Francisco), in: Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador, Ecological Studies, edited by: Beck, E., Bendix, J., Kottke, I., Makeschin, F., and Mosandl, R., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1–13, 2008.
Bendix, J., Rollenbeck, R., Richter, M., Fabian, P., and Emck, P.: Climate, in: Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador, Ecological Studies, edited by: Beck, E., Bendix, J., Kottke, I., Makeschin, F., and Mosandl, R., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 63–73, 2008.
Bendix, J., Silva, B., Roos, K., Göttlicher, D. O., Rollenbeck, R., Nauß, T., and Beck, E.: Model parameterization to simulate and compare the PAR absorption potential of two competing plant species, Int. J. Biometeorol., 54, 283–295, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-009-0279-3, 2010.
Beven, K. and Freer, J.: Equifinality, data assimilation, and uncertainty estimation in mechanistic modelling of complex environmental systems using the GLUE methodology, J. Hydrol., 249, 11–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00421-8, 2001.
Beven, K. and Germann, P.: Macropores and water flow in soils, Water Resour. Res., 18, 1311–1325, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR018i005p01311, 1982.
Beven, K. and Germann, P.: Macropores and water flow in soils revisited, Water Resour. Res., 49, 3071–3092, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20156, 2013.
Bogner, C., Bauer, F., Trancón y Widemann, B., Viñan, P., Balcazar, L., and Huwe, B.: Quantifying the morphology of flow patterns in landslide-affected and unaffected soils, J. Hydrol., 511, 460–473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.01.063, 2014.
Boy, J., Valarezo, C., and Wilcke, W.: Water flow paths in soil control element exports in an Andean tropical montane forest, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 59, 1209–1227, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2008.01063.x, 2008.
Braud, I., Bariac, T., Gaudet, J. P., and Vauclin, M.: SiSPAT-Isotope, a coupled heat, water and stable isotope (HDO and H218O) transport model for bare soil. Part I. Model description and first verifications, J. Hydrol., 309, 277–300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.12.013, 2005.
Bronstert, A.: Capabilities and limitations of detailed hillslope hydrological modelling, Hydrol. Process., 13, 21–48, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199901)13:1<21::AID-HYP702>3.0.CO;2-4, 1999.
Bronstert, A. and Plate, E. J.: Modelling of runoff generation and soil moisture dynamics for hillslopes and micro-catchments, J. Hydrol., 198, 177–195, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(96)03306-9, 1997.
Brooks, J. R., Barnard, H. R., Coulombe, R., and McDonnell, J. J.: Ecohydrologic separation of water between trees and streams in a Mediterranean climate, Nat. Geosci., 3, 100–104, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo722, 2010.
Bücker, A., Crespo, P., Frede, H.-G., Vaché, K., Cisneros, F., and Breuer, L.: Identifying Controls on Water Chemistry of Tropical Cloud Forest Catchments: Combining Descriptive Approaches and Multivariate Analysis, Aquat. Geochem., 16, 127–149, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10498-009-9073-4, 2010.
Bücker, A., Crespo, P., Frede, H.-G., and Breuer, L.: Solute behaviour and export rates in neotropical montane catchments under different land-uses, J. Trop. Ecol., 27, 305–317, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467410000787, 2011.
Colman, R. L. and Wilson, G. P. M.: The Effect of Floods on Pasture Plants, Agric. Gaz. NSW, 71, 337–347, 1960.
Craig, H.: Standard for Reporting Concentrations of Deuterium and Oxygen-18 in Natural Waters, Science, 133, 1833–1834, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.133.3467.1833, 1961.
Craig, H. and Gordon, L. I.: Deuterium and oxygen 18 variations in the ocean and the marine atmosphere, in: Proceedings of the Conference on the Stable Isotopes in Oceanographic Studies and Paleotemperatures, edited by: Tongiogi, E. and Lishi, E. F., Pisa, Spoleto, Italy, 9–130, 1965.
Crespo, P., Bücker, A., Feyen, J., Vaché, K. B., Frede, H.-G., and Breuer, L.: Preliminary evaluation of the runoff processes in a remote montane cloud forest basin using Mixing Model Analysis and Mean Transit Time, Hydrol. Process., 26, 3896–3910, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8382, 2012.
Davies, J., Beven, K., Rodhe, A., Nyberg, L., and Bishop, K.: Integrated modeling of flow and residence times at the catchment scale with multiple interacting pathways, Water Resour. Res., 49, 4738–4750, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20377, 2013.
Dohnal, M., Vogel, T., Šanda, M., and Jelínková, V.: Uncertainty Analysis of a Dual-Continuum Model Used to Simulate Subsurface Hillslope Runoff Involving Oxygen-18 as Natural Tracer, J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 60, 194–205, https://doi.org/10.2478/v10098-012-0017-0, 2012.
Dubbert, M., Cuntz, M., Piayda, A., Maguás, C., and Werner, C.: Partitioning evapotranspiration – Testing the Craig and Gordon model with field measurements of oxygen isotope ratios of evaporative fluxes, J. Hydrol., 496, 142–153, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.05.033, 2013.
Federer, C. A., Vörösmarty, C., and Fekete, B.: Sensitivity of Annual Evaporation to Soil and Root Properties in Two Models of Contrasting Complexity, J. Hydrometeorol., 4, 1276–1290, https://doi.org/10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1276:SOAETS>2.0.CO;2, 2003.
Fleischbein, K., Wilcke, W., Valarezo, C., Zech, W., and Knoblich, K.: Water budgets of three small catchments under montane forest in Ecuador: experimental and modelling approach, Hydrol. Process., 20, 2491–2507, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6212, 2006.
Frisbee, M. D., Phillips, F. M., Campbell, A. R., and Hendrickx, J. M. H.: Modified passive capillary samplers for collecting samples of snowmelt infiltration for stable isotope analysis in remote, seasonally inaccessible watersheds 1: laboratory evaluation, Hydrol. Process., 24, 825–833, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7523, 2010.
Garvelmann, J., Külls, C., and Weiler, M.: A porewater-based stable isotope approach for the investigation of subsurface hydrological processes, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 631–640, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-631-2012, 2012.
Genereux, D. P. and Hooper, R. P.: Oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in rainfall-runoff studies, in: Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology, edited by: Kendall, C. and McDonnell, J. J., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 319–346, 1999.
Gerke, H. H.: Preferential flow descriptions for structured soils, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci., 169, 382–400, https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200521955, 2006.
Germann, P., Helbling, A., and Vadilonga, T.: Rivulet Approach to Rates of Preferential Infiltration, Vadose Zone J., 6, 207–220, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2006.0115, 2007.
Goller, R., Wilcke, W., Leng, M. J., Tobschall, H. J., Wagner, K., Valarezo, C., and Zech, W.: Tracing water paths through small catchments under a tropical montane rain forest in south Ecuador by an oxygen isotope approach, J. Hydrol., 308, 67–80, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.10.022, 2005.
Hacker, J. B. and Jones, R. J.: The Setaria sphacelata complex – a review, Trop. Grassl., 3, 13–34, 1969.
Haverd, V. and Cuntz, M.: Soil–Litter–Iso: A one-dimensional model for coupled transport of heat, water and stable isotopes in soil with a litter layer and root extraction, J. Hydrol., 388, 438–455, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.029, 2010.
Hrachowitz, M., Savenije, H., Bogaard, T. A., Tetzlaff, D., and Soulsby, C.: What can flux tracking teach us about water age distribution patterns and their temporal dynamics?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 533–564, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-533-2013, 2013.
Hsieh, J. C., Chadwick, O. A., Kelly, E. F., and Savin, S. M.: Oxygen isotopic composition of soil water: Quantifying evaporation and transpiration, Geoderma, 82, 269–293, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(97)00105-5, 1998.
Huwe, B., Zimmermann, B., Zeilinger, J., Quizhpe, M., and Elsenbeer, H.: Gradients and Patterns of Soil Physical Parameters at Local, Field and Catchment Scales, in: Gradients in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of Ecuador, Ecological Studies, edited by: Beck, E., Bendix, J., Kottke, I., Makeschin, F., and Mosandl, R., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 375–386, 2008.
Jarvis, N. J.: A review of non-equilibrium water flow and solute transport in soil macropores: principles, controlling factors and consequences for water quality, Eur. J. Soil Sci., 58, 523–546, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2007.00915.x, 2007.
Kendall, K. A., Shanley, J. B., and McDonnell, J. J.: A hydrometric and geochemical approach to test the transmissivity feedback hypothesis during snowmelt, J. Hydrol., 219, 188–205, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00059-1, 1999.
Kirkby, M.: Hillslope runoff processes and models, J. Hydrol., 100, 315–339, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(88)90190-4, 1988.
Körner, C., Scheel, J., and Bauer, H.: Maximum leaf diffusive conductance in vascular plants, Photosynthetica, 13, 45–82, 1979.
Kraft, P., Multsch, S., Vaché, K. B., Frede, H.-G., and Breuer, L.: Using Python as a coupling platform for integrated catchment models, Adv. Geosci., 27, 51–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-27-51-2010, 2010.
Kraft, P., Vaché, K. B., Frede, H.-G., and Breuer, L.: CMF: A Hydrological Programming Language Extension For Integrated Catchment Models, Environ. Model. Softw., 26, 828–830, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.12.009, 2011.
Landon, M. K., Delin, G. N., Komor, S. C., and Regan, C. P.: Comparison of the stable-isotopic composition of soil water collected from suction lysimeters, wick samplers, and cores in a sandy unsaturated zone, J. Hydrol., 224, 45–54, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00120-1, 1999.
Leibundgut, C., Maloszewski, P., and Külls, C.: Tracers in Hydrology, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK, 2011.
Lighthill, M. J. and Whitham, G. B.: On Kinematic Waves. II. A Theory of Traffic Flow on Long Crowded Roads, Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Ser. Math. Phys. Sci., 229, 317–345, https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1955.0089, 1955.
Liu, W. J., Liu, W. Y., Li, P. J., Gao, L., Shen, Y. X., Wang, P. Y., Zhang, Y. P., and Li, H. M.: Using stable isotopes to determine sources of fog drip in a tropical seasonal rain forest of Xishuangbanna, SW China, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 143, 80–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.11.009, 2007.
McDonnell, J. J.: A Rationale for Old Water Discharge Through Macropores in a Steep, Humid Catchment, Water Resour. Res., 26, 2821–2832, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i011p02821, 1990.
McDonnell, J. J. and Beven, K.: Debates – The future of hydrological sciences: A (common) path forward? A call to action aimed at understanding velocities, celerities and residence time distributions of the headwater hydrograph, Water Resour. Res., 50, 5342–5350, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR015141, 2014.
McDonnell, J. J., Sivapalan, M., Vaché, K., Dunn, S., Grant, G., Haggerty, R., Hinz, C., Hooper, R., Kirchner, J., Roderick, M. L., Selker, J., and Weiler, M.: Moving beyond heterogeneity and process complexity: A new vision for watershed hydrology, Water Resour. Res., 43, W07301, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005467, 2007.
McGlynn, B. L., McDonnel, J. J., and Brammer, D. D.: A review of the evolving perceptual model of hillslope flowpaths at the Maimai catchments, New Zealand, J. Hydrol., 257, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00559-5, 2002.
McKay, M. D., Beckman, R. J., and Conover, W. J.: A Comparison of Three Methods for Selecting Values of Input Variables in the Analysis of Output from a Computer Code, Technometrics, 21, 239–245, https://doi.org/10.2307/1268522, 1979.
McMillan, H., Tetzlaff, D., Clark, M., and Soulsby, C.: Do time-variable tracers aid the evaluation of hydrological model structure? A multimodel approach, Water Resour. Res., 48, W05501, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011688, 2012.
Mertens, J., Diels, J., Feyen, J., and Vanderborght, J.: Numerical analysis of Passive Capillary Wick Samplers prior to field installation, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 71, 35–42, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0106, 2007.
Muñoz-Villers, L. E. and McDonnell, J. J.: Runoff generation in a steep, tropical montane cloud forest catchment on permeable volcanic substrate, Water Resour. Res., 48, W09528, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR011316, 2012.
Oke, T. R.: Boundary Layer Climates, 2nd Edn., Methuen, London, UK, 1987.
Qu, Y. and Duffy, C. J.: A semidiscrete finite volume formulation for multiprocess watershed simulation, Water Resour. Res., 43, W08419, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005752, 2007.
Rhoades, C. C., Eckert, G. E., and Coleman, D. C.: Soil carbon differences among forest, agriculture, and secondary vegetation in lower montane Ecuador, Ecol. Appl., 10, 497–505, https://doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0497:SCDAFA]2.0.CO;2, 2000.
Scholl, M. A., Shanley, J. B., Zegarra, J. P., and Coplen, T. B.: The stable isotope amount effect: New insights from NEXRAD echo tops, Luquillo Mountains, Puerto Rico, Water Resour. Res., 45, W12407, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008WR007515, 2009.
Shuttleworth, W. J. and Gurney, R. J.: The theoretical relationship between foliage temperature and canopy resistance in sparse crops, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 116, 497–519, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711649213, 1990.
Shuttleworth, W. J. and Wallace, J. S.: Evaporation from sparse crops-an energy combination theory, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 839–855, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711146910, 1985.
Šimůnek, J. and van Genuchten, M. T.: Modeling Nonequilibrium Flow and Transport Processes Using HYDRUS, Vadose Zone J., 7, 782–797, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2007.0074, 2008.
Šimůnek, J., Jarvis, N. J., and van Genuchten, M. T., and Gärdenäs, A.: Review and comparison of models for describing non-equilibrium and preferential flow and transport in the vadose zone, J. Hydrol., 272, 14–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(02)00252-4, 2003.
Sklash, M. G., Farvolden, R. N., and Fritz, P.: A conceptual model of watershed response to rainfall, developed through the use of oxygen-18 as a natural tracer, Can. J. Earth Sci. 13, 271–283, https://doi.org/10.1139/e76-029, 1976.
Soulsby, C., Rodgers, P., Smart, R., Dawson, J., and Dunn, S.: A tracer-based assessment of hydrological pathways at different spatial scales in a mesoscale Scottish catchment, Hydrol. Process., 17, 759–777, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.1163, 2003.
Stumpp, C. and Maloszewski, P.: Quantification of preferential flow and flow heterogeneities in an unsaturated soil planted with different crops using the environmental isotope δ18O, J. Hydrol., 394, 407–415, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.09.014, 2010.
Tetzlaff, D., McDonnell, J. J., Uhlenbrook, S., McGuire, K. J., Bogaart, P. W., Naef, F., Baird, A. J., Dunn, S. M., and Soulsby, C.: Conceptualizing catchment processes: simply too complex?, Hydrol. Process., 22, 1727–1730, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7069, 2008.
Thom, A. S.: Momentum, mass and heat exchange of vegetation, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 98, 124–134, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49709841510, 1972.
Timbe, E., Windhorst, D., Crespo, P., Frede, H.-G., Feyen, J., and Breuer, L.: Understanding uncertainties when inferring mean transit times of water trough tracer-based lumped-parameter models in Andean tropical montane cloud forest catchments, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 1503–1523, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-1503-2014, 2014.
Uhlenbrook, S., Roser, S., and Tilch, N.: Hydrological process representation at the meso-scale: the potential of a distributed, conceptual catchment model, J. Hydrol., 291, 278–296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.038, 2004.
Vogel, H.-J., Cousin, I., Ippisch, O., and Bastian, P.: The dominant role of structure for solute transport in soil: experimental evidence and modelling of structure and transport in a field experiment, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 495–506, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-495-2006, 2006.
Vogel, T., Gerke, H. H., Zhang, R., and Van Genuchten, M. T.: Modeling flow and transport in a two-dimensional dual-permeability system with spatially variable hydraulic properties, J. Hydrol., 238, 78–89, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00327-9, 2000.
Vogel, T., Sanda, M., Dusek, J., Dohnal, M., and Votrubova, J.: Using Oxygen-18 to Study the Role of Preferential Flow in the Formation of Hillslope Runoff, Vadose Zone J., 9, 252–259, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2009.0066, 2010.
Weiler, M. and McDonnell, J.: Virtual experiments: a new approach for improving process conceptualization in hillslope hydrology, J. Hydrol., 285, 3–18, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00271-3, 2004.
Wheeler, M. D., Newman, S. M., Orr-Ewing, A. J., and Ashfold, M. N. R.: Cavity ring-down spectroscopy, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans., 94, 337–351, https://doi.org/10.1039/A707686J, 1998.
Windhorst, D., Brenner, S., Peters, T., Meyer, H., Thies, B., Bendix, J., Frede, H.-G., and Breuer, L.: Impacts of Local Land-Use Change on Climate and Hydrology, in: Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Environmental Change in a Tropical Mountain Ecosystem of South Ecuador, Ecological Studies Vol. 221, edited by: Bendix, J., Beck, E., Bräuning, A., Makeschin, F., Mosandl, R., Scheu, S., and Wilcke, W., Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 275–286, 2013a.
Windhorst, D., Waltz, T., Timbe, E., Frede, H.-G., and Breuer, L.: Impact of elevation and weather patterns on the isotopic composition of precipitation in a tropical montane rainforest, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 409–419, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-409-2013, 2013b.
Zimmermann, B. and Elsenbeer, H.: Spatial and temporal variability of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity in gradients of disturbance, J. Hydrol., 361, 78–95, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.07.027, 2008.
Zimmermann, U., Ehhalt, D., and Muennich, K. O.: Soil-Water Movement and Evapotranspiration: Changes in the Isotopic Composition of the Water, in: Isotopes in Hydrology, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 567–585, 1968.
