Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 29, issue 22
Articles | Volume 29, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6445-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6445-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 29, issue 22
Research article
 | 
19 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 19 Nov 2025

Technical note: A low-cost approach to monitoring relative streamflow dynamics in small headwater streams using time lapse imagery and a deep learning model

Phillip J. Goodling, Jennifer H. Fair, Amrita Gupta, Jeffrey D. Walker, Todd Dubreuil, Michael Hayden, and Benjamin H. Letcher

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Short summary
We describe a stream monitoring method using low-cost cameras and a deep learning model. It produces a relative hydrograph (0–100%). We applied the method to 11 cameras at 8 sites and found model performance sufficient to describe floods and droughts. The models were trained on image pairs annotated by people. We examined how well people performed annotations and how many annotations were needed. We concluded this method can be used to gain new insights into under-monitored small streams.
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