Articles | Volume 29, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6419-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6419-2025
Research article
 | 
18 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 18 Nov 2025

A new approach for joint assimilation of cosmic-ray neutron soil moisture and groundwater level data into an integrated terrestrial model

Fang Li, Heye Reemt Bogena, Johannes Keller, Bagher Bayat, Rahul Raj, and Harrie-Jan Hendricks-Franssen

Data sets

Dataset of ``COSMOS-Europe: A European network of Cosmic-Ray Neutron Soil Moisture Sensors'' H. Bogena and P. Ney https://doi.org/10.34731/x9s3-kr48

Model code and software

TSMP (1.4.0) C. Hartick et al. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8283716

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Short summary
We developed a new method to improve hydrological modeling by jointly using soil moisture and groundwater level data from field sensors in a catchment in Germany. By updating the model separately for shallow and deep soil zones, we achieved more accurate predictions of soil water, groundwater depth, and evapotranspiration. Our results show that combining both data types gives more balanced and reliable outcomes than using either alone.
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