Articles | Volume 29, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-109-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-109-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
13 Jan 2025
Research article |
| 13 Jan 2025
| 13 Jan 2025
Observation-driven model for calculating water-harvesting potential from advective fog in (semi-)arid coastal regions
Centro UC Desierto de Atacama, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
Camilo del Río
Centro UC Desierto de Atacama, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Related authors
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Oscar Hartogensis, Francisco Suárez, Ariadna Huerta-Viso, Imme Benedict, Alberto de la Fuente, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3709–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research brings a multi-scale temporal analysis of evaporation in a saline lake of the Atacama Desert. Our findings reveal that evaporation is controlled differently depending on the timescale. Evaporation is controlled sub-diurnally by wind speed, regulated seasonally by radiation and modulated interannually by ENSO. Our research extends our understanding of evaporation, contributing to improving the climate change assessment and efficiency of water management in arid regions.
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Oscar Hartogensis, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Alberto de la Fuente, Ricardo Muñoz, José Rutllant, and Francisco Suárez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9125–9150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9125-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9125-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the influence of regional atmospheric circulation on the evaporation of a saline lake in the Altiplano region of the Atacama Desert through a field experiment and regional modeling. Our results show that evaporation is controlled by two regimes: (1) in the morning by local conditions with low evaporation rates and low wind speed and (2) in the afternoon with high evaporation rates and high wind speed. Afternoon winds are connected to the regional Pacific Ocean–Andes flow.
Mary Rose Mangan, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Bart J. H. van Stratum, Marie Lothon, Guylaine Canut-Rocafort, and Oscar K. Hartogensis
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 25, 8959–8981, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8959-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-8959-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Using observations and high-resolution turbulence modeling, we examine the influence of irrigation-driven surface heterogeneity on the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). We use a multi-scale approach for characterizing surface heterogeneity to explore how its influence on the ABL within a grid cell would change with higher-resolution models. We find that the height of the ABL is variable across short distances and that the surface heterogeneity is felt least strongly in the middle of the ABL.
Dieu Anh Tran, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Christoph Gerbig, Michał Gałkowski, Santiago Botía, Kim Faassen, and Sönke Zaehle
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2351, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2351, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP).
Short summary
Short summary
Analysis of CH4 data (2010–2021) from ZOTTO in Central Siberia shows an increase in the summer diurnal amplitude, driven by nighttime emissions. These trends correlate with rising soil temperature and moisture, especially in late summer. Peaks in 2012, 2016, and 2019 emission link to wildfires and wetland activity. Findings suggest wetlands as key CH4 sources and underscore the need for ongoing high-resolution monitoring in this region.
Arseniy Karagodin-Doyennel, Fredrik Jansson, Bart J. H. van Stratum, Hugo Denier van der Gon, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Sander Houweling
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4571–4599, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4571-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4571-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
We introduce a new simulation platform based on the Dutch Atmospheric Large-Eddy Simulation (DALES) to simulate carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their dispersion in turbulent environments at a hectometer resolution. This model incorporates both anthropogenic emission inventories and online ecosystem fluxes. Simulation results for the main urban area in the Netherlands demonstrate the strong potential of DALES to improve CO2 emission modeling and to support mitigation strategies.
Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Roderick Dewar, Kim A. P. Faassen, Teemu Hölttä, Remco de Kok, Ingrid T. Luijkx, and Timo Vesala
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2705, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-2705, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explores how oxygen moves through tiny pores in leaves, especially when water vapor is also flowing out. We show that under common conditions, oxygen can move from the leaf to the air even when its concentration is higher outside – a surprising effect. Our findings help explain oxygen exchange in still air and support better models of plant–atmosphere interactions.
Marc Castellnou Ribau, Mercedes Bachfischer, Marta Miralles Bover, Borja Ruiz, Laia Estivill, Jordi Pages, Pau Guarque, Brian Verhoeven, Zisoula Ntasiou, Ove Stokkeland, Chiel Van Herwaeeden, Tristan Roelofs, Martin Janssens, Cathelijne Stoof, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1923, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1923, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (AMT).
Short summary
Short summary
Firefighter entrapments can occur when wildfires escalate suddenly due to fire-atmosphere interactions. This study presents a method to analyze this in real-time using two weather balloon measurements: ambient and in-plume conditions. Researchers launched 156 balloons during wildfire seasons in Spain, Chile, Greece, and the Netherlands. This methodology detects sudden changes in fire behavior by comparing ambient and in-plume data, ultimately enhancing research on fire-atmosphere interactions.
Sreehari Kizhuveettil, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, Martina Krämer, Armin Afchine, Luiz A. T. Machado, Martin Zöger, and Wiebke Frey
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1637, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-1637, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Aircraft measurements are used to investigate high-altitude downdrafts in tropical deep convective clouds. The cloud water present in the downdrafts and its intensity do not show any correlation. Surprisingly, downdrafts occurred in supersaturated regions, contradicting the classical view of subsaturated downdrafts. Up- and downdrafts of similar strength show similar particle size distributions. These findings shed new light on the interplay between deep convection dynamics and microphysics.
Robbert Petrus Johannes Moonen, Getachew Agmuas Adnew, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Oscar Karel Hartogensis, David Joan Bonell Fontas, Shujiro Komiya, Sam P. Jones, and Thomas Röckmann
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-452, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-452, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Understory ejections are distinct turbulent features emerging in prime tall forest ecosystems. We share a method to isolate understory ejections based on H2O-CO2 anomalie quadrants. From these, we calculate the flux contributions of understory ejections and all flux quadrants. In addition we show that a distinctly depleted isotopic composition can be found in the ejected water vapour. Finally, we explored the role of clouds as a potential trigger for understory ejections.
Leon Geers, Ruud Janssen, Gudrun Thorkelsdottir, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Martijn Schaap
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-426, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-426, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
High-resolution data on reactive nitrogen deposition are needed to inform cost-effective policies. Here, we describe the implementation of a dry deposition module into a large eddy simulation code. With this model, we are able to represent the turbulent exchange of tracers at the hectometer resolution. The model calculates the dispersion and deposition of NOx and NH3 in great spatial detail, clearly showing the influence of local land use patterns.
Luiz A. T. Machado, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Santiago Botía, Hella van Asperen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araújo, Paulo Artaxo, Achim Edtbauer, Rosaria R. Ferreira, Marco A. Franco, Hartwig Harder, Sam P. Jones, Cléo Q. Dias-Júnior, Guido G. Haytzmann, Carlos A. Quesada, Shujiro Komiya, Jost Lavric, Jos Lelieveld, Ingeborg Levin, Anke Nölscher, Eva Pfannerstill, Mira L. Pöhlker, Ulrich Pöschl, Akima Ringsdorf, Luciana Rizzo, Ana M. Yáñez-Serrano, Susan Trumbore, Wanda I. D. Valenti, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Walter, Jonathan Williams, Stefan Wolff, and Christopher Pöhlker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 8893–8910, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-8893-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Composite analysis of gas concentration before and after rainfall, during the day and night, gives insight into the complex relationship between trace gas variability and precipitation. The analysis helps us to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases within a forest ecosystem. It elucidates processes that are not discernible under undisturbed conditions and contributes to a deeper understanding of the trace gas life cycle and its intricate interactions with cloud dynamics in the Amazon.
Kim A. P. Faassen, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Raquel González-Armas, Bert G. Heusinkveld, Ivan Mammarella, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Biogeosciences, 21, 3015–3039, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3015-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The ratio between atmospheric O2 and CO2 can be used to characterize the carbon balance at the surface. By combining a model and observations from the Hyytiälä forest (Finland), we show that using atmospheric O2 and CO2 measurements from a single height provides a weak constraint on the surface CO2 exchange because large-scale processes such as entrainment confound this signal. We therefore recommend always using multiple heights of O2 and CO2 measurements to study surface CO2 exchange.
Raquel González-Armas, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Mary Rose Mangan, Oscar Hartogensis, and Hugo de Boer
Biogeosciences, 21, 2425–2445, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-2425-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This paper investigates the water and CO2 exchange for an alfalfa field with observations and a model with spatial scales ranging from the stomata to the atmospheric boundary layer. To relate the environmental factors to the leaf gas exchange, we developed three equations that quantify how many of the temporal changes of the leaf gas exchange occur due to changes in the environmental variables. The novelty of the research resides in the capacity to dissect the dynamics of the leaf gas exchange.
Ruben B. Schulte, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Susanna Rutledge-Jonker, Shelley van der Graaf, Jun Zhang, and Margreet C. van Zanten
Biogeosciences, 21, 557–574, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-557-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed measurements with the aim of finding relations between the surface atmosphere exchange of NH3 and the CO2 uptake and transpiration by vegetation. We found a high correlation of daytime NH3 emissions with both latent heat flux and photosynthetically active radiation. Very few simultaneous measurements of NH3, CO2 fluxes and meteorological variables exist at sub-diurnal timescales. This study paves the way to finding more robust relations between the NH3 exchange flux and CO2 uptake.
Robbert P. J. Moonen, Getachew A. Adnew, Oscar K. Hartogensis, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, David J. Bonell Fontas, and Thomas Röckmann
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 16, 5787–5810, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5787-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-5787-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Isotope fluxes allow for net ecosystem gas exchange fluxes to be partitioned into sub-components like plant assimilation, respiration and transpiration, which can help us better understand the environmental drivers of each partial flux. We share the results of a field campaign isotope fluxes were derived using a combination of laser spectroscopy and eddy covariance. We found lag times and high frequency signal loss in the isotope fluxes we derived and present methods to correct for both.
Paulina Grigusova, Annegret Larsen, Roland Brandl, Camilo del Río, Nina Farwig, Diana Kraus, Leandro Paulino, Patricio Pliscoff, and Jörg Bendix
Biogeosciences, 20, 3367–3394, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3367-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3367-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In our study, we included bioturbation into a soil erosion model and ran the model for several years under two conditions: with and without bioturbation. We validated the model using several sediment fences in the field. We estimated the modeled sediment redistribution and surface runoff and the impact of bioturbation on these along a climate gradient. Lastly, we identified environmental parameters determining the positive or negative impact of bioturbation on sediment redistribution.
Kim A. P. Faassen, Linh N. T. Nguyen, Eadin R. Broekema, Bert A. M. Kers, Ivan Mammarella, Timo Vesala, Penelope A. Pickers, Andrew C. Manning, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Harro A. J. Meijer, Wouter Peters, and Ingrid T. Luijkx
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 23, 851–876, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-851-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-851-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange ratio (ER) between atmospheric O2 and CO2 provides a useful tracer for separately estimating photosynthesis and respiration processes in the forest carbon balance. This is highly relevant to better understand the expected biosphere sink, which determines future atmospheric CO2 levels. We therefore measured O2, CO2, and their ER above a boreal forest in Finland and investigated their diurnal behaviour for a representative day, and we show the most suitable way to determine the ER.
Paulina Grigusova, Annegret Larsen, Sebastian Achilles, Roland Brandl, Camilo del Río, Nina Farwig, Diana Kraus, Leandro Paulino, Patricio Pliscoff, Kirstin Übernickel, and Jörg Bendix
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 1273–1301, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1273-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-1273-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
In our study, we developed, tested, and applied a cost-effective time-of-flight camera to autonomously monitor rainfall-driven and animal-driven sediment redistribution in areas affected by burrowing animals with high temporal (four times a day) and spatial (6 mm) resolution. We estimated the sediment redistribution rates on a burrow scale and then upscaled the redistribution rates to entire hillslopes. Our findings can be implemented into long-term soil erosion models.
Jan H. Schween, Camilo del Rio, Juan-Luis García, Pablo Osses, Sarah Westbrook, and Ulrich Löhnert
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12241–12267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12241-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12241-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Marine stratocumulus clouds of the eastern Pacific play an essential role in the Earth's climate. These clouds form the major source of water to parts of the extreme dry Atacama Desert at the northern coast of Chile. For the first time these clouds are observed over a whole year with three remote sensing instruments. It is shown how these clouds are influenced by the land–sea wind system and the distribution of ocean temperatures.
Micael Amore Cecchini, Marco de Bruine, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, and Paulo Artaxo
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 11867–11888, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11867-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11867-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Shallow clouds (vertical extent up to 3 km height) are ubiquitous throughout the Amazon and are responsible for redistributing the solar heat and moisture vertically and horizontally. They are a key component of the water cycle because they can grow past the shallow phase to contribute significantly to the precipitation formation. However, they need favourable environmental conditions to grow. In this study, we analyse how changing wind patterns affect the development of such shallow clouds.
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Oscar Hartogensis, Francisco Suárez, Ariadna Huerta-Viso, Imme Benedict, Alberto de la Fuente, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3709–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3709-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3709-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research brings a multi-scale temporal analysis of evaporation in a saline lake of the Atacama Desert. Our findings reveal that evaporation is controlled differently depending on the timescale. Evaporation is controlled sub-diurnally by wind speed, regulated seasonally by radiation and modulated interannually by ENSO. Our research extends our understanding of evaporation, contributing to improving the climate change assessment and efficiency of water management in arid regions.
Ruben B. Schulte, Margreet C. van Zanten, Bart J. H. van Stratum, and Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 8241–8257, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8241-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-8241-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We present a fine-scale simulation framework, utilizing large-eddy simulations, to assess NH3 measurements influenced by boundary-layer dynamics and turbulent dispersion of a nearby emission source. The minimum required distance from an emission source differs for concentration and flux measurements, from 0.5–3.0 km and 0.75–4.5 km, respectively. The simulation framework presented here proves to be a powerful and versatile tool for future NH3 research at high spatio-temporal resolutions.
Carlos Román-Cascón, Marie Lothon, Fabienne Lohou, Oscar Hartogensis, Jordi Vila-Guerau de Arellano, David Pino, Carlos Yagüe, and Eric R. Pardyjak
Geosci. Model Dev., 14, 3939–3967, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3939-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3939-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The type of vegetation (or land cover) and its status influence the heat and water transfers between the surface and the air, affecting the processes that develop in the atmosphere at different (but connected) spatiotemporal scales. In this work, we investigate how these transfers are affected by the way the surface is represented in a widely used weather model. The results encourage including realistic high-resolution and updated land cover databases in models to improve their predictions.
Felipe Lobos-Roco, Oscar Hartogensis, Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Alberto de la Fuente, Ricardo Muñoz, José Rutllant, and Francisco Suárez
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9125–9150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9125-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9125-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the influence of regional atmospheric circulation on the evaporation of a saline lake in the Altiplano region of the Atacama Desert through a field experiment and regional modeling. Our results show that evaporation is controlled by two regimes: (1) in the morning by local conditions with low evaporation rates and low wind speed and (2) in the afternoon with high evaporation rates and high wind speed. Afternoon winds are connected to the regional Pacific Ocean–Andes flow.
Jordi Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, Patrizia Ney, Oscar Hartogensis, Hugo de Boer, Kevin van Diepen, Dzhaner Emin, Geiske de Groot, Anne Klosterhalfen, Matthias Langensiepen, Maria Matveeva, Gabriela Miranda-García, Arnold F. Moene, Uwe Rascher, Thomas Röckmann, Getachew Adnew, Nicolas Brüggemann, Youri Rothfuss, and Alexander Graf
Biogeosciences, 17, 4375–4404, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4375-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4375-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The CloudRoots field experiment has obtained an open comprehensive observational data set that includes soil, plant, and atmospheric variables to investigate the interactions between a heterogeneous land surface and its overlying atmospheric boundary layer, including the rapid perturbations of clouds in evapotranspiration. Our findings demonstrate that in order to understand and represent diurnal variability, we need to measure and model processes from the leaf to the landscape scales.
Cited articles
Andersen, H., Cermak, J., Fuchs, J., Knippertz, P., Gaetani, M., Quinting, J., Sippel, S., and Vogt, R.: Synoptic-scale controls of fog and low-cloud variability in the Namib Desert, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 3415–3438, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3415-2020, 2020. a, b
Baguskas, S. A., Oliphant, A. J., Clemesha, R. E., and Loik, M. E.: Water and light-use efficiency are enhanced under summer coastal fog in a California agricultural system, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 126, e2020JG006193, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG006193, 2021. a
Berbel, J. and Esteban, E.: Droughts as a catalyst for water policy change. Analysis of Spain, Australia (MDB), and California, Global Environ. Chang., 58, 101969, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.101969, 2019. a
Bergot, T.: Large-eddy simulation study of the dissipation of radiation fog, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 142, 1029–1040, 2016. a
Carvajal, D., Silva-Llanca, L., Larraguibel, D., and González, B.: On the aerodynamic fog collection efficiency of fog water collectors via three-dimensional numerical simulations, Atmos. Res., 245, 105123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105123, 2020. a, b, c
Cereceda, P., Osses, P., Larrain, H., Farıas, M., Lagos, M., Pinto, R., and Schemenauer, R.: Advective, orographic and radiation fog in the Tarapacá region, Chile, Atmos. Res., 64, 261–271, 2002. a
de Dios Rivera, J.: Aerodynamic collection efficiency of fog water collectors, Atmos. Res., 102, 335–342, 2011. a
del Río, C., Lobos-Roco, F., Siegmund, A., Tejos, C., Osses, P., Huaman, Z., Meneses, J. P., and García, J.-L.: GOFOS, ground optical fog observation system for monitoring the vertical stratocumulus-fog cloud distribution in the coast of the Atacama Desert, Chile, J. Hydrol., 597, 126190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126190, 2021a. a, b, c, d
del Río, C., Lobos-Roco, F., Siegmund, A., Tejos, C., Osses, P., Huaman, Z., Meneses, J. P., and García, J.-L.: GOFOS, ground optical fog observation system for monitoring the vertical stratocumulus-fog cloud distribution in the coast of the Atacama Desert, Chile, J. Hydrol., 597, 126190, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126190, 2021b. a, b, c, d, e
Espinoza, V., Lobos-Roco, F., and del Río, C.: Synoptic control of the spatiotemporal variability of fog and low clouds under ENSO phenomena along the Chilean coast (17°–36° S), Atmos. Res., 308, 107533, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107533, 2024. a
Estrela, M. J., Valiente, J. A., Corell, D., Fuentes, D., and Valdecantos, A.: Prospective use of collected fog water in the restoration of degraded burned areas under dry Mediterranean conditions, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 149, 1896–1906, 2009. a
García, J.-L., Lobos-Roco, F., Schween, J. H., del Río, C., Osses, P., Vives, R., Pezoa, M., Siegmund, A., Latorre, C., Alfaro, F., Koch, M. A., and Loehnert, U.: Climate and coastal low-cloud dynamic in the hyperarid Atacama fog Desert and the geographic distribution of Tillandsia landbeckii (Bromeliaceae) dune ecosystems, Plant Syst. Evol., 307, 1–22, 2021. a, b, c
Garreaud, R., Barichivich, J., Christie, D. A., and Maldonado, A.: Interannual variability of the coastal fog at Fray Jorge relict forests in semiarid Chile, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 113, G04011, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000709, 2008. a, b
Garreaud, R., Clem, K., and Veloso, J. V.: The South Pacific pressure trend dipole and the southern blob, J. Climate, 34, 7661–7676, 2021. a
Goulden, M. L. and Bales, R. C.: California forest die-off linked to multi-year deep soil drying in 2012–2015 drought, Nat. Geosci., 12, 632–637, 2019. a
Gultepe, I. and Milbrandt, J.: Microphysical observations and mesoscale model simulation of a warm fog case during FRAM project, in: Fog and boundary layer clouds: Fog visibility and forecasting, Springer, 1161–1178, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-007-0212-9, 2007. a
Gultepe, I., Heymsfield, A. J., Fernando, H., Pardyjak, E., Dorman, C., Wang, Q., Creegan, E., Hoch, S., Flagg, D., Yamaguchi, R., Krishnamurthy, R., Gaberšek, S., Pierre, W., Perelet, A., Singh, D. K., Chang, R., Nagere, B., Wagh, S., and Wang, S.: A review of coastal fog microphysics during C-FOG, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 181, 227–265, 2021. a, b
Keeley, J. E. and Syphard, A. D.: Large California wildfires: 2020 fires in historical context, Fire Ecol., 17, 1–11, 2021. a
Kim, S., Rickard, C., Hernandez-Vazquez, J., and Fernandez, D.: Early Night Fog Prediction Using Liquid Water Content Measurement in the Monterey Bay Area, Atmosphere, 13, 1332, https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13081332, 2022. a
Klemm, O., Schemenauer, R. S., Lummerich, A., Cereceda, P., Marzol, V., Corell, D., Van Heerden, J., Reinhard, D., Gherezghiher, T., Olivier, J., Osses, P., Sarsour, J., Frost, E., Estrela, M., Valiente, J., and Fessehaye, G.: Fog as a fresh-water resource: overview and perspectives, Ambio, 41, 221–234, 2012. a, b
Kogan, F. and Kogan, F.: Monitoring drought from space and food security, Remote sensing for food security, Sustainable Development Goals Series, 75–113, ISBN 978-3-319-96255-9, ISBN 978-3-319-96256-6 (eBook), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96256-6, 2019. a
Koppa, A., Keune, J., and Miralles, D. G.: Are Global Drylands Self-Expanding?, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 24–28 Apr 2023, EGU23-2320, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-2320, 2023. a
Larrain, H., Velásquez, F., Cereceda, P., Espejo, R., Pinto, R., Osses, P., and Schemenauer, R.: Fog measurements at the site “Falda Verde” north of Chañaral compared with other fog stations of Chile, Atmos. Research, 64, 273–284, 2002. a
Lobos-Roco, F.: Advective fog Model for (semi-)Arid Regions Under climate change (AMARU), V1, Mendeley Data [data set], https://doi.org/10.17632/jyk8v2mrhd.1, 2024. a
Lobos-Roco, F., Hartogensis, O., Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, J., de la Fuente, A., Muñoz, R., Rutllant, J., and Suárez, F.: Local evaporation controlled by regional atmospheric circulation in the Altiplano of the Atacama Desert, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 9125–9150, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9125-2021, 2021. a
Lobos-Roco, F., Suárez, F., Aguirre-Correa, F., Keim, K., Aguirre, I., Vargas, C., Abarca, F., Ramírez, C., Escobar, R., Osses, P., and del Rio, C.: Understanding inland fog and dew dynamics for assessing potential non-rainfall water use in the Atacama, J. Arid Environ., 221, 105125, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2024.105125, 2024. a, b, c, d, e
Lu, M.-L., Conant, W. C., Jonsson, H. H., Varutbangkul, V., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: The marine stratus/stratocumulus experiment (MASE): Aerosol-cloud relationships in marine stratocumulus, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 112, D10209, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006JD007985, 2007. a
Malik, F., Clement, R., Gethin, D., Krawszik, W., and Parker, A.: Nature's moisture harvesters: a comparative review, Bioinspir. Biomim., 9, 031002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/9/3/031002, 2014. a
Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J., Maycock, T., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., and Yu, R., and Zhou, B.: Climate change 2021: the physical science basis, Contribution of working group I to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change, 2, 2391, https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009157896, 2021. a
Moat, J., Orellana-Garcia, A., Tovar, C., Arakaki, M., Arana, C., Cano, A., Faundez, L., Gardner, M., Hechenleitner, P., Hepp, J., Gwilym, L., Mamani, J.-M., Miyasiro, M., and Whaley, O.: Seeing through the clouds – Mapping desert fog oasis ecosystems using 20 years of MODIS imagery over Peru and Chile, Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs., 103, 102468, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2021.102468, 2021. a
Montecinos, S., Carvajal, D., Cereceda, P., and Concha, M.: Collection efficiency of fog events, Atmos. Res., 209, 163–169, 2018. a
Muñoz, R. C., Zamora, R. A., and Rutllant, J. A.: The coastal boundary layer at the eastern margin of the southeast Pacific (23.4° S, 70.4° W): Cloudiness-conditioned climatology, J. Climate, 24, 1013–1033, 2011. a
Painemal, D. and Zuidema, P.: Assessment of MODIS cloud effective radius and optical thickness retrievals over the Southeast Pacific with VOCALS-REx in situ measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 116, D24206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016155, 2011. a
Roach, W.: Back to basics: Fog: Part 2 – The formation and dissipation of land fog, Weather, 50, 7–11, 1995. a
Schween, J. H., del Rio, C., García, J.-L., Osses, P., Westbrook, S., and Löhnert, U.: Life cycle of stratocumulus clouds over 1 year at the coast of the Atacama Desert, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 22, 12241–12267, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12241-2022, 2022. a, b, c
Stull, R. B.: An introduction to boundary layer meteorology, vol. 13, Springer Science & Business Media, ISBN 13 978-90-009-3027-8, 2012. a
Verbrugghe, N. and Khan, A. Z.: Water harvesting through fog collectors: a review of conceptual, experimental and operational aspects, International Journal of Low-Carbon Technologies, 18, 392–403, 2023. a
Wood, R.: Stratocumulus clouds, Mon. Weather Rev., 140, 2373–2423, 2012. a
Short summary
Water resources are fundamental for the social, economic, and natural development of (semi-)arid regions. Precipitation decreases due to climate change obligate us to find new water resources. Fog harvesting (FH) emerges as a complementary resource in regions where it is abundant but untapped. This research proposes a model to estimate FH potential in coastal (semi-)arid regions. This model could have broader applicability worldwide in regions where FH could be a viable water source.
Water resources are fundamental for the social, economic, and natural development of (semi-)arid...
