Articles | Volume 28, issue 1 
            
                
                    
            
            
            https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-21-2024
                    © Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-21-2024
                    © Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
A framework for parameter estimation, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty analysis for holistic hydrologic modeling using SWAT+
Salam A. Abbas
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
                                            
                                    
                                            Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
                                        
                                    Ryan T. Bailey
                                            Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
                                        
                                    Jeremy T. White
                                            INTERA, Inc., Perth, Australia
                                        
                                    Jeffrey G. Arnold
                                            Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory, USDA–ARS, Temple, TX 76502, USA
                                        
                                    Michael J. White
                                            Grassland Soil and Water Research Laboratory, USDA–ARS, Temple, TX 76502, USA
                                        
                                    Natalja Čerkasova
                                            Blackland Research & Extension Center, Texas A&M AgriLife, Temple, TX 76502, USA
                                        
                                    Jungang Gao
                                            Blackland Research & Extension Center, Texas A&M AgriLife, Temple, TX 76502, USA
                                        
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                            Cumulative views and downloads 
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                            Cited
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Sand River Catchment, Limpopo, South Africa T. Chuene et al. 10.3390/w17121818
- Industrial Assessment Tools of Risks Associated with Wastewater and Water Technologies A. Trubetskaya et al. 10.1021/acsestwater.5c00839
- Dual-Phase Calibration for Surface–Subsurface Hydrologic Models with Diverse Hydrologic Conditions S. Abbas et al. 10.1061/JHYEFF.HEENG-6479
- Assessing improvements in environmental flow estimation through the use of a coupled surface-groundwater model G. Castellanos-Osorio et al. 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101426
- Assessing Streamflow Response to Climate Change Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in the Olifants River Basin, South Africa K. Benti et al. 10.3390/hydrology12090244
- Assessment of the Impact of Spatial Variability on Streamflow Predictions Using High-Resolution Modeling and Parameter Estimation: Case Study of Geumho River Catchment, South Korea B. Kim et al. 10.3390/w16040591
- Evaluation of precipitation products for small karst catchment hydrological modeling in data-scarce mountainous regions I. Al Khoury et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132131
- Assessing selenium fate and transport in a semi-arid river basin with and without human influence R. Bailey et al. 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123335
- The significance of the leaf area index for evapotranspiration estimation in SWAT-T for characteristic land cover types of West Africa F. Merk et al. 10.5194/hess-28-5511-2024
- Quantifying the impact of climate change and land use change on surface-subsurface nutrient dynamics in a Chesapeake Bay watershed system A. Tuladhar et al. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125101
- Integrating remote sensing data with watershed-scale ecohydrological modeling in diverse forest and agricultural landscapes of the Upper Mississippi River Basin A. Risal et al. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106588
- Evaluating the continued significance of dam-induced vigorous downstream channel erosion in the context of projected climate change: a case study from Peninsular India J. Sanyal 10.1080/15715124.2024.2423697
- Reconstruction of pyroclastic density currents emplaced during the April 1993 sub-Plinian eruption of Lascar volcano, northern Chile A. Esquivel et al. 10.1007/s00445-025-01879-0
- Review of Watershed Hydrology and Mathematical Models S. Sarker & O. Leta 10.3390/eng6060129
- An Adaptive Process-Wise Fitting Approach for Hydrological Modeling Based on Streamflow and Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration C. Wang et al. 10.3390/w16233446
- The contribution of red clover to nitrate loading in an agricultural watershed Y. Jiang et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1471213
- Modeling agro-hydrological surface-subsurface processes in a semi-arid, intensively irrigated river basin S. Abbas et al. 10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102188
- Assessing nonpoint-source uranium pollution in an irrigated stream-aquifer system I. Qurban et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179861
- Modeling spatial and temporal groundwater recharge dynamics using the newly physically-based coupled model in Tana sub-basin, Ethiopia K. Berhanu et al. 10.1007/s13201-025-02436-y
- Development of an MPE-BMA Ensemble Model for Runoff Prediction Under Future Climate Change Scenarios: A Case Study of the Xiangxi River Basin W. Li et al. 10.3390/su17104714
- Surface Runoff and Sediment Yield Responses to Land Use and Cover Changes: Implications for Watershed Management in the Gidabo Watershed, Ethiopia D. Dogiso et al. 10.1002/hyp.70245
- Calibration guide for watershed modeling with distributed groundwater modeling: application for the SWAT+ model S. Abbas et al. 10.1080/02626667.2024.2393414
- Quantifying Baseflow Changes Due to Irrigation Expansion Using SWAT+gwflow R. Navas et al. 10.3390/w17111680
- Analysis of SWAT+ model performance: A comparative study using different software and algorithms S. Cecconello et al. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106425
- Holistic uncertainty quantification and attribution for real-time seasonal streamflow predictions: Insights from input, parameter and initial condition L. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102427
- Some Remarks About Forward and Inverse Modelling in Hydrology, Within a General Conceptual Framework M. Giudici 10.3390/hydrology11110189
- Enhancing inverse modeling in groundwater systems through machine learning: a comprehensive comparative study J. Chen et al. 10.5194/hess-29-4251-2025
- Precipitation uncertainty estimation and rainfall-runoff model calibration using iterative ensemble smoothers D. Zoccatelli et al. 10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104658
- Integrating ground-based and satellite rainfall data for hydrological modeling: A SWAT+ application with sensitivity analysis in the Saguling Watershed, Citarum River Basin H. Kardhana et al. 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106370
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- The Impact of Climate Change on Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution in the Sand River Catchment, Limpopo, South Africa T. Chuene et al. 10.3390/w17121818
- Industrial Assessment Tools of Risks Associated with Wastewater and Water Technologies A. Trubetskaya et al. 10.1021/acsestwater.5c00839
- Dual-Phase Calibration for Surface–Subsurface Hydrologic Models with Diverse Hydrologic Conditions S. Abbas et al. 10.1061/JHYEFF.HEENG-6479
- Assessing improvements in environmental flow estimation through the use of a coupled surface-groundwater model G. Castellanos-Osorio et al. 10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101426
- Assessing Streamflow Response to Climate Change Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in the Olifants River Basin, South Africa K. Benti et al. 10.3390/hydrology12090244
- Assessment of the Impact of Spatial Variability on Streamflow Predictions Using High-Resolution Modeling and Parameter Estimation: Case Study of Geumho River Catchment, South Korea B. Kim et al. 10.3390/w16040591
- Evaluation of precipitation products for small karst catchment hydrological modeling in data-scarce mountainous regions I. Al Khoury et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.132131
- Assessing selenium fate and transport in a semi-arid river basin with and without human influence R. Bailey et al. 10.1016/j.watres.2025.123335
- The significance of the leaf area index for evapotranspiration estimation in SWAT-T for characteristic land cover types of West Africa F. Merk et al. 10.5194/hess-28-5511-2024
- Quantifying the impact of climate change and land use change on surface-subsurface nutrient dynamics in a Chesapeake Bay watershed system A. Tuladhar et al. 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.125101
- Integrating remote sensing data with watershed-scale ecohydrological modeling in diverse forest and agricultural landscapes of the Upper Mississippi River Basin A. Risal et al. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106588
- Evaluating the continued significance of dam-induced vigorous downstream channel erosion in the context of projected climate change: a case study from Peninsular India J. Sanyal 10.1080/15715124.2024.2423697
- Reconstruction of pyroclastic density currents emplaced during the April 1993 sub-Plinian eruption of Lascar volcano, northern Chile A. Esquivel et al. 10.1007/s00445-025-01879-0
- Review of Watershed Hydrology and Mathematical Models S. Sarker & O. Leta 10.3390/eng6060129
- An Adaptive Process-Wise Fitting Approach for Hydrological Modeling Based on Streamflow and Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration C. Wang et al. 10.3390/w16233446
- The contribution of red clover to nitrate loading in an agricultural watershed Y. Jiang et al. 10.3389/fenvs.2025.1471213
- Modeling agro-hydrological surface-subsurface processes in a semi-arid, intensively irrigated river basin S. Abbas et al. 10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102188
- Assessing nonpoint-source uranium pollution in an irrigated stream-aquifer system I. Qurban et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179861
- Modeling spatial and temporal groundwater recharge dynamics using the newly physically-based coupled model in Tana sub-basin, Ethiopia K. Berhanu et al. 10.1007/s13201-025-02436-y
- Development of an MPE-BMA Ensemble Model for Runoff Prediction Under Future Climate Change Scenarios: A Case Study of the Xiangxi River Basin W. Li et al. 10.3390/su17104714
- Surface Runoff and Sediment Yield Responses to Land Use and Cover Changes: Implications for Watershed Management in the Gidabo Watershed, Ethiopia D. Dogiso et al. 10.1002/hyp.70245
- Calibration guide for watershed modeling with distributed groundwater modeling: application for the SWAT+ model S. Abbas et al. 10.1080/02626667.2024.2393414
- Quantifying Baseflow Changes Due to Irrigation Expansion Using SWAT+gwflow R. Navas et al. 10.3390/w17111680
- Analysis of SWAT+ model performance: A comparative study using different software and algorithms S. Cecconello et al. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2025.106425
- Holistic uncertainty quantification and attribution for real-time seasonal streamflow predictions: Insights from input, parameter and initial condition L. Liu et al. 10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102427
- Some Remarks About Forward and Inverse Modelling in Hydrology, Within a General Conceptual Framework M. Giudici 10.3390/hydrology11110189
- Enhancing inverse modeling in groundwater systems through machine learning: a comprehensive comparative study J. Chen et al. 10.5194/hess-29-4251-2025
2 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Precipitation uncertainty estimation and rainfall-runoff model calibration using iterative ensemble smoothers D. Zoccatelli et al. 10.1016/j.advwatres.2024.104658
- Integrating ground-based and satellite rainfall data for hydrological modeling: A SWAT+ application with sensitivity analysis in the Saguling Watershed, Citarum River Basin H. Kardhana et al. 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106370
Latest update: 31 Oct 2025
Short summary
            Research highlights.
            1. Implemented groundwater module (gwflow) into SWAT+ for four watersheds with different unique hydrologic features across the United States.
2. Presented methods for sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation for coupled models.
3. Sensitivity analysis for streamflow and groundwater head conducted using Morris method.
4. Uncertainty analysis and parameter estimation performed using an iterative ensemble smoother within the PEST framework.
Research highlights.
            
        1. Implemented groundwater module (gwflow) into SWAT+ for four watersheds...
 
 
                             
                             
             
             
            