Articles | Volume 28, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1107-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1107-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Mar 2024
Research article |
| 04 Mar 2024
| 04 Mar 2024
Flood risk assessment for Indian sub-continental river basins
Urmin Vegad
Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Gandhinagar, India
Yadu Pokhrel
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Gandhinagar, India
Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Gandhinagar, India
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Cited
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Drivers of flash floods in the Indian sub-continental river basins N. Dilip K et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00121-3
- Flood risk and community resilience mapping at the Mouza level: Insights from the 2024 Malda Flood, India S. Alam & R. Maiti https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gespch.2026.100011
- Footprints of meteorology and air pollution on rice yield variation in the North Indian Plain; implications of future climate change scenarios A. Sarkar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181714
- FlDepth: A New Method for Estimating Fluvial and Pluvial Flood Depths from Near Real-Time Satellite-Derived Inundation Map and Topography A. Akkimi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-025-04405-1
- Development of Gridded Root-Zone Soil Moisture Product for India, 1981–2024 D. Chuphal et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06940-x
- An autoencoder driven deep learning geospatial approach to flood vulnerability analysis in the upper and middle basin of river Damodar R. Thappitla et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96781-2
- Advanced Digital Technologies in the Post-Disaster Reconstruction Process—A Review Leveraging Small Language Models A. Rawat et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113367
- A novel climate change hazards assessment using Fuzzy AHP decision making and composite PCA techniques with GIS: leveraging current climate-smart practices, challenges and the way forward D. Zewdu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-026-08242-2
- A novel multi-scenario mitigation model for rainstorm flood disasters L. Wen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105321
- A Buoyancy-Based Feasibility Framework for Amphibious Housing in Indian Riverine Floodplains: A First-Principles Design and Material-Sensitivity Analysis G. Kattekola & S. Raman https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.icaces.25
- Flood Risk Assessment of Bihar State in India Utilizing a Combination of Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Using Geospatial Techniques S. Sharma et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-02041-7
- Climate change and effectiveness of dams in flood mitigation in India U. Vegad & V. Mishra https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00117-z
- An integrated approach for managing drought risks in the eastern himalayan region of India S. Vyas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104789
- Flood Hazard and Risk Assessment Using Satellite-Derived Flood Events (2001–2025) and Socioeconomic Data in Bihar R. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-026-02483-1
- <b>Geographic Information Systems and Analytic Hierarchy Process Based Integrated Framework for Flood Susceptibility Mapping in Panzara River Basin of Maharashtra, India</b> A. Pawar & A. Sharma https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2026633.2026
- Dynamic Assessment of Flood Risk Under Varied Precipitation Scenarios X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3662916
- Design storm estimation for flood risk assessment in the temperate Himalayan basin using hydrological modelling M. Attar et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17009-x
- Flood damages in India – causes, data analysis, and way forward S. Jain https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2026.2700256
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Drivers of flash floods in the Indian sub-continental river basins N. Dilip K et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00121-3
- Flood risk and community resilience mapping at the Mouza level: Insights from the 2024 Malda Flood, India S. Alam & R. Maiti https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gespch.2026.100011
- Footprints of meteorology and air pollution on rice yield variation in the North Indian Plain; implications of future climate change scenarios A. Sarkar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181714
- FlDepth: A New Method for Estimating Fluvial and Pluvial Flood Depths from Near Real-Time Satellite-Derived Inundation Map and Topography A. Akkimi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-025-04405-1
- Development of Gridded Root-Zone Soil Moisture Product for India, 1981–2024 D. Chuphal et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-026-06940-x
- An autoencoder driven deep learning geospatial approach to flood vulnerability analysis in the upper and middle basin of river Damodar R. Thappitla et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96781-2
- Advanced Digital Technologies in the Post-Disaster Reconstruction Process—A Review Leveraging Small Language Models A. Rawat et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113367
- A novel climate change hazards assessment using Fuzzy AHP decision making and composite PCA techniques with GIS: leveraging current climate-smart practices, challenges and the way forward D. Zewdu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-026-08242-2
- A novel multi-scenario mitigation model for rainstorm flood disasters L. Wen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105321
- A Buoyancy-Based Feasibility Framework for Amphibious Housing in Indian Riverine Floodplains: A First-Principles Design and Material-Sensitivity Analysis G. Kattekola & S. Raman https://doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.icaces.25
- Flood Risk Assessment of Bihar State in India Utilizing a Combination of Multi-criteria Analysis (MCA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Using Geospatial Techniques S. Sharma et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-024-02041-7
- Climate change and effectiveness of dams in flood mitigation in India U. Vegad & V. Mishra https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00117-z
- An integrated approach for managing drought risks in the eastern himalayan region of India S. Vyas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104789
- Flood Hazard and Risk Assessment Using Satellite-Derived Flood Events (2001–2025) and Socioeconomic Data in Bihar R. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-026-02483-1
- <b>Geographic Information Systems and Analytic Hierarchy Process Based Integrated Framework for Flood Susceptibility Mapping in Panzara River Basin of Maharashtra, India</b> A. Pawar & A. Sharma https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2026633.2026
- Dynamic Assessment of Flood Risk Under Varied Precipitation Scenarios X. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2026.3662916
- Design storm estimation for flood risk assessment in the temperate Himalayan basin using hydrological modelling M. Attar et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-17009-x
- Flood damages in India – causes, data analysis, and way forward S. Jain https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2026.2700256
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 14 Aug 2026
Short summary
A large population is affected by floods, which leave their footprints through human mortality, migration, and damage to agriculture and infrastructure, during almost every summer monsoon season in India. Despite the massive damage of floods, sub-basin level flood risk assessment is still in its infancy and needs to be improved. Using hydrological and hydrodynamic models, we reconstructed sub-basin level observed floods for the 1901–2020 period.
A large population is affected by floods, which leave their footprints through human mortality,...
