Articles | Volume 27, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3041-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-3041-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Aug 2023
Research article |
| 22 Aug 2023
| 22 Aug 2023
Flow recession behavior of preferential subsurface flow patterns with minimum energy dissipation
Jannick Strüven
Institut für Geo- und Umweltnaturwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 23B, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
Stefan Hergarten
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institut für Geo- und Umweltnaturwissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 23B, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
Related authors
No articles found.
Stefan Hergarten
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1070, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1070, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Toma hills are more or less isolated hills in the deposits of rock avalanches and their origin is still enigmatic. This paper presents results of numerical simulations based on a modified version of a friction law that was originally introduced for snow avalanches. The model produces more or less isolated hills on the valley floor, which look much like toma hills. The results presented here provide the perhaps first explanation for the occurrence of toma hills based on a numerical model.
Stefan Hergarten
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-336, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-336, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Faceted topographies are impressing footprints of active tectonics in geomorphology. This paper investigates the evolution of faceted topographies at normal faults and its interaction with the river network theoretically and numerically. As a main result beyond several relations for the the geometry of facets, the horizontal displacement associated to normal faults is crucial for the dissection of initially polygonal facets into triangular facets bounded by almost parallel rivers.
Stefan Hergarten
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 781–794, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-781-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-781-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Voellmy rheology has been widely used for simulating snow and rock avalanches. Recently, a modified version of this rheology was proposed, which turned out to be able to predict the observed long runout of large rock avalanches theoretically. The software MinVoellmy presented here is the first numerical implementation of the modified rheology. It consists of MATLAB and Python classes, where simplicity and parsimony were the design goals.
Stefan Hergarten
Earth Surf. Dynam., 12, 219–229, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-219-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-12-219-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Large landslides turn into an avalanche-like mode of flow at high velocities, which allows for a much longer runout than predicted for a sliding solid body. In this study, the Voellmy rheology widely used in models for hazard assessment is reinterpreted and extended. The new approach predicts the increase in runout length with volume observed in nature quite well and may thus be a major step towards a more consistent modeling of rock avalanches and improved hazard assessment.
Stefan Hergarten
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 3051–3063, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3051-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-3051-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Rockslides are a major hazard in mountainous regions. In formerly glaciated regions, the disposition mainly arises from oversteepened topography and decreases through time. However, little is known about this decrease and thus about the present-day hazard of huge, potentially catastrophic rockslides. This paper presents a new theoretical framework that explains the decrease in maximum rockslide size through time and predicts the present-day frequency of large rockslides for the European Alps.
Stefan Hergarten and Alexa Pietrek
Earth Surf. Dynam., 11, 741–755, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-741-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-11-741-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The transition from hillslopes to channelized flow is typically attributed to a threshold catchment size in landform evolution models. Here we propose an alternative concept directly based on topography. Using this concept, channels and hillslopes self-organize, whereby the catchment size of the channel heads varies over some range. Our numerical results suggest that this concept works better than the established idea of a strict threshold catchment size.
Moritz Liebl, Jörg Robl, Stefan Hergarten, David Lundbek Egholm, and Kurt Stüwe
Geosci. Model Dev., 16, 1315–1343, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1315-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1315-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we benchmark a topography-based model for glacier erosion (OpenLEM) with a well-established process-based model (iSOSIA). Our experiments show that large-scale erosion patterns and particularly the transformation of valley length geometry from fluvial to glacial conditions are very similar in both models. This finding enables the application of OpenLEM to study the influence of climate and tectonics on glaciated mountains with reasonable computational effort on standard PCs.
Stefan Hergarten
Earth Surf. Dynam., 10, 671–686, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-671-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-10-671-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Many studies on modeling landform evolution have focused on mountain ranges, while large parts of Earth's surface are quite flat and alluvial plains have been preferred locations for human settlements. Conducting large-scale simulations of fluvial erosion and sediment transport, this study reveals that rivers in a tectonically inactive foreland are much more dynamic than rivers in a mountain range; the local redistribution of deposits in the foreland is the main driver of the dynamics.
Stefan Hergarten and Jörg Robl
Geosci. Model Dev., 15, 2063–2084, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2063-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-2063-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The influence of climate on landform evolution has attracted great interest over the past decades. This paper presents a simple model for simulating the influence of topography on precipitation and the decrease in precipitation over large continental areas. The approach can be included in numerical models of large-scale landform evolution and causes only a moderate increase in the numerical complexity. It opens a door to investigating feedbacks between climate and landform evolution.
Stefan Hergarten
Earth Surf. Dynam., 9, 937–952, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-937-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-9-937-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a new approach to modeling glacial erosion on large scales. The formalism is similar to large-scale models of fluvial erosion, so glacial and fluvial processes can be easily combined. The model is simpler and numerically less demanding than established models based on a more detailed description of the ice flux. The numerical implementation almost achieves the efficiency of purely fluvial models, so that simulations over millions of years can be performed on standard PCs.
Anne-Laure Argentin, Jörg Robl, Günther Prasicek, Stefan Hergarten, Daniel Hölbling, Lorena Abad, and Zahra Dabiri
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1615–1637, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1615-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-21-1615-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study relies on topography to simulate the origin and displacement of potentially river-blocking landslides. It highlights a continuous range of simulated landslide dams that go unnoticed in the field due to their small scale. The computation results show that landslide-dammed lake volume can be estimated from upstream drainage area and landslide volume, thus enabling an efficient hazard assessment of possible landslide-dammed lake volume – and flooding magnitude in case of dam failure.
Stefan Hergarten
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 841–854, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-841-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-841-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Many contemporary models of large-scale fluvial erosion focus on the detachment-limited regime where all material entrained by the river is immediately excavated. This limitation facilitates the comparison with real river profiles and strongly reduces the numerical complexity. Here a simple formulation for the opposite case, transport-limited erosion, and a new numerical scheme that achieves almost the same numerical efficiency as detachment-limited models are presented.
Stefan Hergarten
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 367–377, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-367-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-367-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Models of fluvial erosion have a long history in landform evolution modeling. Interactions between rivers and processes acting at hillslopes (e.g., landslides) are receiving growing interest in this context. While present-day computer capacities allow for applying such coupled models, there is still a scaling problem when considering rivers to be linear elements on a topography. Based on a reinterpretation of old empirical results, this study presents a new approach to overcome this problem.
Georg Trost, Jörg Robl, Stefan Hergarten, and Franz Neubauer
Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 69–85, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-69-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-69-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The evolution of the drainage system in the Eastern Alps is inherently linked to different tectonic stages. This leads to a situation in which major orogen-parallel alpine rivers, such as the Salzach and the Enns, are characterized by elongated east–west-oriented catchments. We investigate the stability of present-day drainage divides and the stability of reconstructed paleo-drainage systems. Our results indicate a progressive stability of the network towards the present-day situation.
Stefan Hergarten and Thomas Kenkmann
Earth Surf. Dynam., 7, 459–473, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-459-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-459-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Our study reveals that worldwide mean erosion rates on the million-year timescale are very similar to present-day erosion rates in contrast to the majority of the previously published results. Concerning the dependence of erosion on climate, we found that the long-term erosion efficacy of the tropical zone has been about 5 times higher than that of the cold zones, while the erosional efficacy of the present-day arid zone has been as high as that of the temperate zone.
S. Hergarten, J. Robl, and K. Stüwe
Earth Surf. Dynam., 4, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-1-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-4-1-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Longitudinal river profiles are increasingly used for unraveling the tectonic history on a regional scale. In the last years, the introduction of the so-called chi transform brought significant technical progress, but this method is still limited to the domain governed by fluvial erosion covering only a small part of the surface. Here we present and compare extensions of the method towards smaller catchment sizes where hillslope processes or debris flows significantly contribute to erosion.
S. Hergarten and J. Robl
Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 671–685, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-671-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-15-671-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Snow avalanches and debris flows are abundant natural hazards in mountainous regions. Numerical models describing rapid mass movements are essential for hazard studies and mitigation strategies, but only a few software tools are available for this purpose. This paper presents a new method using the shallow water equations widely applied to lakes and oceans. It introduces appropriate correction terms for steep terrain and can be implemented in a variety of fluid-dynamics software packages.
S. Hergarten, G. Winkler, and S. Birk
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4277–4288, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4277-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4277-2014, 2014
S. Hergarten, J. Robl, and K. Stüwe
Earth Surf. Dynam., 2, 97–104, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-97-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-97-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Subject: Groundwater hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Theory development
Technical note: Analytical solution for well water response to Earth tides in leaky aquifers with storage and compressibility in the aquitard
Towards a hydrogeomorphological understanding of proglacial catchments: an assessment of groundwater storage and release in an Alpine catchment
Effect of topographic slope on the export of nitrate in humid catchments: a 3D model study
Transit Time index (TTi) as an adaptation of the humification index to illustrate transit time differences in karst hydrosystems: application to the karst springs of the Fontaine de Vaucluse system (southeastern France)
In situ estimation of subsurface hydro-geomechanical properties using the groundwater response to semi-diurnal Earth and atmospheric tides
The Thiem team – Adolf and Günther Thiem, two forefathers of hydrogeology
Effects of aquifer geometry on seawater intrusion in annulus segment island aquifers
Depth to water table correction for initial carbon-14 activities in groundwater mean residence time estimation
Preferential pathways for fluid and solutes in heterogeneous groundwater systems: self-organization, entropy, work
Statistical characterization of environmental hot spots and hot moments and applications in groundwater hydrology
Technical note: Disentangling the groundwater response to Earth and atmospheric tides to improve subsurface characterisation
Flowing wells: terminology, history and role in the evolution of groundwater science
Asymmetric impact of groundwater use on groundwater droughts
New model of reactive transport in a single-well push–pull test with aquitard effect and wellbore storage
HESS Opinions: The myth of groundwater sustainability in Asia
Groundwater salinity variation in Upazila Assasuni (southwestern Bangladesh), as steered by surface clay layer thickness, relative elevation and present-day land use
Changes in groundwater drought associated with anthropogenic warming
Application of environmental tracers for investigation of groundwater mean residence time and aquifer recharge in fault-influenced hydraulic drop alluvium aquifers
HESS Opinions: Linking Darcy's equation to the linear reservoir
Effects of microarrangement of solid particles on PCE migration and its remediation in porous media
Hydrological connectivity from glaciers to rivers in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau: roles of suprapermafrost and subpermafrost groundwater
Temporal variations of groundwater tables and implications for submarine groundwater discharge: a 3-decade case study in central Japan
Consequences and mitigation of saltwater intrusion induced by short-circuiting during aquifer storage and recovery in a coastal subsurface
Understanding groundwater – students' pre-conceptions and conceptual change by means of a theory-guided multimedia learning program
The referential grain size and effective porosity in the Kozeny–Carman model
Approximate analysis of three-dimensional groundwater flow toward a radial collector well in a finite-extent unconfined aquifer
Technical Note: The use of an interrupted-flow centrifugation method to characterise preferential flow in low permeability media
Shallow groundwater thermal sensitivity to climate change and land cover disturbances: derivation of analytical expressions and implications for stream temperature modeling
Confronting the vicinity of the surface water and sea shore in a shallow glaciogenic aquifer in southern Finland
Residence times and mixing of water in river banks: implications for recharge and groundwater–surface water exchange
Using 14C and 3H to understand groundwater flow and recharge in an aquifer window
Hydrogeology of an Alpine rockfall aquifer system and its role in flood attenuation and maintaining baseflow
Mobilisation or dilution? Nitrate response of karst springs to high rainfall events
Transferring the concept of minimum energy dissipation from river networks to subsurface flow patterns
Spectral induced polarization measurements for predicting the hydraulic conductivity in sandy aquifers
Transient analysis of fluctuations of electrical conductivity as tracer in the stream bed
Teaching hydrogeology: a review of current practice
Transient flow between aquifers and surface water: analytically derived field-scale hydraulic heads and fluxes
Influence of initial heterogeneities and recharge limitations on the evolution of aperture distributions in carbonate aquifers
Impact of climate change on groundwater point discharge: backflooding of karstic springs (Loiret, France)
Stream depletion rate with horizontal or slanted wells in confined aquifers near a stream
Tidal propagation in an oceanic island with sloping beaches
Rémi Valois, Agnès Rivière, Jean-Michel Vouillamoz, and Gabriel C. Rau
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 1041–1054, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1041-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1041-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Characterizing aquifer systems is challenging because it is difficult to obtain in situ information. They can, however, be characterized using natural forces such as Earth tides. Models that account for more complex situations are still necessary to extend the use of Earth tides to assess hydromechanical properties of aquifer systems. Such a model is developed in this study and applied to a case study in Cambodia, where a combination of tides was used in order to better constrain the model.
Tom Müller, Stuart N. Lane, and Bettina Schaefli
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 6029–6054, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6029-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6029-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This research provides a comprehensive analysis of groundwater storage in Alpine glacier forefields, a zone rapidly evolving with glacier retreat. Based on data analysis of a case study, it provides a simple perceptual model showing where and how groundwater is stored and released in a high Alpine environment. It especially points out the presence of groundwater storages in both fluvial and bedrock aquifers, which may become more important with future glacier retreat.
Jie Yang, Qiaoyu Wang, Ingo Heidbüchel, Chunhui Lu, Yueqing Xie, Andreas Musolff, and Jan H. Fleckenstein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5051–5068, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5051-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5051-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We assessed the effect of catchment topographic slopes on the nitrate export dynamics in terms of the nitrogen mass fluxes and concentration level using a coupled surface–subsurface model. We found that flatter landscapes tend to retain more nitrogen mass in the soil and export less nitrogen mass to the stream, explained by the reduced leaching and increased potential of degradation in flat landscapes. We emphasized that stream water quality is potentially less vulnerable in flatter landscapes.
Leïla Serène, Christelle Batiot-Guilhe, Naomi Mazzilli, Christophe Emblanch, Milanka Babic, Julien Dupont, Roland Simler, Matthieu Blanc, and Gérard Massonnat
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 5035–5049, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5035-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5035-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work aims to develop the Transit Time index (TTi) as a natural tracer of karst groundwater transit time, usable in the 0–6-month range. Based on the fluorescence of organic matter, TTi shows its relevance to detect a small proportion of fast infiltration water within a mix, while other natural transit time tracers provide no or less sensitive information. Comparison of the average TTi of different karst springs also provides consistent results with the expected relative transit times.
Gabriel C. Rau, Timothy C. McMillan, Martin S. Andersen, and Wendy A. Timms
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4301–4321, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4301-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4301-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work develops and applies a new method to estimate hydraulic and geomechanical subsurface properties in situ using standard groundwater and atmospheric pressure records. The estimated properties comply with expected values except for the Poisson ratio, which we attribute to the investigated scale and conditions. Our new approach can be used to cost-effectively investigate the subsurface using standard monitoring datasets.
Georg J. Houben and Okke Batelaan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 4055–4091, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4055-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-4055-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Unbeknown to most hydrologists, many methods used in groundwater hydrology today go back to work by Adolf and Günther Thiem. Their work goes beyond the Dupuit–Thiem analytical model for pump tests mentioned in many textbooks. It includes, e.g., the development and improvement of isopotential maps, tracer tests, and vertical well constructions. Extensive literature and archive research has been conducted to identify how and where the Thiems developed their methods and how they spread.
Zhaoyang Luo, Jun Kong, Chengji Shen, Pei Xin, Chunhui Lu, Ling Li, and David Andrew Barry
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6591–6602, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6591-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6591-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Analytical solutions are derived for steady-state seawater intrusion in annulus segment aquifers. These analytical solutions are validated by comparing their predictions with experimental data. We find seawater intrusion is the most extensive in divergent aquifers, and the opposite is the case for convergent aquifers. The analytical solutions facilitate engineers and hydrologists in evaluating seawater intrusion more efficiently in annulus segment aquifers with a complex geometry.
Dylan J. Irvine, Cameron Wood, Ian Cartwright, and Tanya Oliver
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5415–5424, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5415-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5415-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
It is widely assumed that 14C is in contact with the atmosphere until recharging water reaches the water table. Unsaturated zone (UZ) studies have shown that 14C decreases with depth below the land surface. We produce a relationship between UZ 14C and depth to the water table to estimate input 14C activities for groundwater age estimation. Application of the new relationship shows that it is important for UZ processes to be considered in groundwater mean residence time estimation.
Erwin Zehe, Ralf Loritz, Yaniv Edery, and Brian Berkowitz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5337–5353, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5337-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5337-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study uses the concepts of entropy and work to quantify and explain the emergence of preferential flow and transport in heterogeneous saturated porous media. We found that the downstream concentration of solutes in preferential pathways implies a downstream declining entropy in the transverse distribution of solute transport pathways. Preferential flow patterns with lower entropies emerged within media of higher heterogeneity – a stronger self-organization despite a higher randomness.
Jiancong Chen, Bhavna Arora, Alberto Bellin, and Yoram Rubin
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 4127–4146, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4127-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4127-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a stochastic framework with indicator random variables to characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of environmental hot spots and hot moments (HSHMs) that represent rare locations and events exerting a disproportionate influence over the environment. HSHMs are characterized by static and dynamic indicators. This framework is advantageous as it allows us to calculate the uncertainty associated with HSHMs based on uncertainty associated with its contributors.
Gabriel C. Rau, Mark O. Cuthbert, R. Ian Acworth, and Philipp Blum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 6033–6046, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6033-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6033-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This work provides an important generalisation of a previously developed method that quantifies subsurface barometric efficiency using the groundwater level response to Earth and atmospheric tides. The new approach additionally allows the quantification of hydraulic conductivity and specific storage. This enables improved and rapid assessment of subsurface processes and properties using standard pressure measurements.
Xiao-Wei Jiang, John Cherry, and Li Wan
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 6001–6019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6001-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-6001-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The gushing of water from flowing wells is a natural phenomenon of interest to the public. This review demonstrates that this spectacular phenomenon also instigated the science of groundwater and can be considered a root of groundwater hydrology. Observations of flowing wells not only led to the foundation of many principles of traditional groundwater hydrology but also played a vital role in the paradigm shift from aquitard-bound flow to cross-formational flow driven by topography.
Doris E. Wendt, Anne F. Van Loon, John P. Bloomfield, and David M. Hannah
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4853–4868, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4853-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4853-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater use changes the availability of groundwater, especially during droughts. This study investigates the impact of groundwater use on groundwater droughts. A methodological framework is presented that was developed and applied to the UK. We identified an asymmetric impact of groundwater use on droughts, which highlights the relation between short-term and long-term strategies for sustainable groundwater use.
Quanrong Wang, Junxia Wang, Hongbin Zhan, and Wenguang Shi
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 3983–4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3983-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-3983-2020, 2020
Franklin W. Schwartz, Ganming Liu, and Zhongbo Yu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 489–500, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-489-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-489-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We are concerned about the sad state of affairs around groundwater in the developing countries of Asia and the obvious implications for sustainability. Groundwater production for irrigated agriculture has led to water-level declines that continue to worsen. Yet in the most populous countries, China, India, Pakistan, and Iran, there are only token efforts towards evidence-based sustainable management. It is unrealistic to expect evidence-based groundwater sustainability to develop any time soon.
Floris Loys Naus, Paul Schot, Koos Groen, Kazi Matin Ahmed, and Jasper Griffioen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1431–1451, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1431-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1431-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we postulate a possible evolution of the groundwater salinity around a village in southwestern Bangladesh, based on high-density fieldwork. We identified that the thickness of the surface clay layer, the surface elevation and the present-day land use determine whether fresh or saline groundwater has formed. The outcomes show how the large groundwater salinity variation in southwestern Bangladesh can be understood, which is valuable for the water management in the region.
John P. Bloomfield, Benjamin P. Marchant, and Andrew A. McKenzie
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1393–1408, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1393-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1393-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater is susceptible to drought due to natural variations in climate; however, to date there is no evidence of a relationship between climate change and groundwater drought. Using two long groundwater level records from the UK, we document increases in frequency, magnitude and intensity and changes in duration of groundwater drought associated with climate warming and infer that, given the extent of shallow groundwater globally, warming may widely effect changes to groundwater droughts.
Bin Ma, Menggui Jin, Xing Liang, and Jing Li
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 427–446, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-427-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-427-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Groundwater supplies the most freshwater for industrial and agricultural production and domestic use in the arid northwest of China. This research uses environmental tracers to enhance one's understanding of groundwater, including aquifer recharge sources and groundwater mean residence times in the alluvium aquifers. The results provide valuable implications for groundwater resources regulation and sustainable development and have practical significance for other arid areas.
Hubert H. G. Savenije
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1911–1916, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1911-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1911-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper provides the connection between two simple equations describing groundwater flow at different scales: the Darcy equation describes groundwater flow at pore scale, the linear reservoir equation at catchment scale. The connection between the two appears to be very simple. The two parameters of the equations are proportional, depending on the porosity of the subsoil and the resistance for the groundwater to enter the surface drainage network.
Ming Wu, Jianfeng Wu, Jichun Wu, and Bill X. Hu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1001–1015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1001-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1001-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Fractal models of regular triangle arrangement (RTA) and square pitch arrangement (SPA) are developed in this study. Results suggest RTA can cause more groundwater contamination and make remediation more difficult. In contrast, the cleanup of contaminants in aquifers with SPA is easier. This study demonstrates how microscale arrangements control contaminant migration and remediation, which is helpful in designing successful remediation schemes for subsurface contamination.
Rui Ma, Ziyong Sun, Yalu Hu, Qixin Chang, Shuo Wang, Wenle Xing, and Mengyan Ge
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 4803–4823, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4803-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4803-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The roles of groundwater flow in the hydrological cycle within the alpine area characterized by permafrost or seasonal frost are poorly known. We investigated the role of permafrost in controlling groundwater flow and hydrological connections between glaciers and river. The recharge, flow path and discharge of permafrost groundwater at the study site were explored. Two mechanisms were proposed to explain the significantly seasonal variation in interaction between groundwater and surface water.
Bing Zhang, Jing Zhang, and Takafumi Yoshida
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3417–3425, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3417-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3417-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Since groundwater is the linkage between climate changes and fresh submarine groundwater discharge, the variations of and relationships among monthly groundwater table, rainfall, snowfall, and climate change events from 1985 to 2015 were analyzed by wavelet coherence to discuss the implications for climate changes. The results show the increase in precipitation and the groundwater table, indicating that fresh submarine groundwater discharge flux may increase under climate change.
Koen Gerardus Zuurbier and Pieter Jan Stuyfzand
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 1173–1188, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1173-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-1173-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The subsurface is increasingly perforated for exploitation of water and energy. This has increased the risk of leakage between originally separated aquifers. It is shown how this leakage can have a very negative impact on the recovery of freshwater during aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) in brackish-saline aquifers. Deep interception of intruding brackish-saline water can mitigate the negative effects and buoyancy of freshwater to some extent, but not completely.
Ulrike Unterbruner, Sylke Hilberg, and Iris Schiffl
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2251–2266, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2251-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2251-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Studies show that young people have difficulties with correctly understanding groundwater. We designed a multimedia learning program about groundwater and tested its learning efficacy with pupils and teacher-training students. A novelty is the theory-guided designing of the program on the basis of hydrogeology and science education. The pupils and students greatly benefited from working through the multimedia learning program.
Kosta Urumović and Kosta Urumović Sr.
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 1669–1680, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1669-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-1669-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Calculation of hydraulic conductivity of porous materials is crucial for further use in hydrogeological modeling. The Kozeny–Carman model is theoretically impeccable but has not been properly used in recent scientific and expert literature. In this paper, proper use of the Kozeny-Carman formula is given through presentation of geometric mean grain size in the drilled-core sample as the referential mean grain size. Also, procedures for identification of real effective porosity of porous media are presented.
C.-S. Huang, J.-J. Chen, and H.-D. Yeh
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 55–71, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-55-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-55-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Existing solutions for the problem of pumping at a radial collector well (RCW) in unconfined aquifers either require laborious calculation or predict divergent results at a middle period of pumping. This study relaxes the above two limitations to develop a new analytical solution for the problem. The application of the solution is convenient for those who are not familiar with numerical methods. New findings regarding the responses of flow to pumping at RCW are addressed.
R. A. Crane, M. O. Cuthbert, and W. Timms
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 3991–4000, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3991-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3991-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present an interrupted-flow centrifugation technique to characterise the vertical hydraulic properties of dual porosity, low permeability media. Use of large core samples (100mm diameter) enables hydraulic-conductivity-scale issues in dual porosity media to be overcome. Elevated centrifugal force also enables simulating in situ total stress conditions. The methodology is an important tool to assess the ability of dual porosity aquitards to protect underlying aquifer systems.
B. L. Kurylyk, K. T. B. MacQuarrie, D. Caissie, and J. M. McKenzie
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 2469–2489, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2469-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-2469-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Changes in climate and land cover are known to warm streams by altering surface heat fluxes. However, the influence of these disturbances on shallow groundwater temperature are not as well understood. In small streams, groundwater discharge may also exert a control on stream temperature, and thus groundwater warming may eventually produce additional stream warming not considered in most existing models. This study investigates these processes and suggests stream temperature model improvements.
S. Luoma, J. Okkonen, K. Korkka-Niemi, N. Hendriksson, and B. Backman
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 19, 1353–1370, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1353-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-1353-2015, 2015
N. P. Unland, I. Cartwright, D. I. Cendón, and R. Chisari
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 5109–5124, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5109-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-5109-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
Periodic flooding of rivers should result in increased groundwater recharge near rivers and thus - younger and fresher groundwater near rivers. This study found the age and salinity of shallow groundwater to increase with proximity to the Tambo River in South East Australia. This appears to be due to the upwelling of older, regional groundwater closer the river. Other chemical parameters are consistent with this. This is a process that may be occurring in other similar river systems.
A. P. Atkinson, I. Cartwright, B. S. Gilfedder, D. I. Cendón, N. P. Unland, and H. Hofmann
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4951–4964, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4951-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4951-2014, 2014
Short summary
Short summary
This research article uses of radiogenic isotopes, stable isotopes and groundwater geochemistry to study groundwater age and recharge processes in the Gellibrand Valley, a relatively unstudied catchment and potential groundwater resource. The valley is found to contain both "old", regionally recharged groundwater (300-10,000 years) in the near-river environment, and modern groundwater (0-100 years old) further back on the floodplain. There is no recharge of the groundwater by high river flows.
U. Lauber, P. Kotyla, D. Morche, and N. Goldscheider
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4437–4452, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4437-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4437-2014, 2014
M. Huebsch, O. Fenton, B. Horan, D. Hennessy, K. G. Richards, P. Jordan, N. Goldscheider, C. Butscher, and P. Blum
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4423–4435, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4423-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4423-2014, 2014
S. Hergarten, G. Winkler, and S. Birk
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 4277–4288, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4277-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-4277-2014, 2014
M. Attwa and T. Günther
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4079–4094, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4079-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4079-2013, 2013
C. Schmidt, A. Musolff, N. Trauth, M. Vieweg, and J. H. Fleckenstein
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3689–3697, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3689-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3689-2012, 2012
T. Gleeson, D. M. Allen, and G. Ferguson
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 2159–2168, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2159-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2159-2012, 2012
G. H. de Rooij
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 649–669, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-649-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-649-2012, 2012
B. Hubinger and S. Birk
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3715–3729, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3715-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3715-2011, 2011
E. Joigneaux, P. Albéric, H. Pauwels, C. Pagé, L. Terray, and A. Bruand
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2459–2470, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2459-2011, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2459-2011, 2011
P.-R. Tsou, Z.-Y. Feng, H.-D. Yeh, and C.-S. Huang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1477–1485, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1477-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1477-2010, 2010
Y.-C. Chang, D.-S. Jeng, and H.-D. Yeh
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 14, 1341–1351, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1341-2010, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1341-2010, 2010
Cited articles
Alemie, T. C., Tilahun, S. A., Ochoa-Tocachi, B. F., Schmitter, P., Buytaert, W., Parlange, J.-Y., and Steenhuis, T. S.: Predicting shallow groundwater tables for sloping highland aquifers, Water Resour. Res., 55,
11088–11100, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025050, 2019. a
Atkinson, T. C.: Diffuse flow and conduit flow in limestone terrain in the
Mendip Hills, Sommerset (Great Britain), J. Hydrol., 35, 93–110,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(77)90079-8, 1977. a
Banavar, J. R., Maritan, A., and Rinaldo, A.: Size and form in efficient
transportation networks, Nature, 399, 130–132, https://doi.org/10.1038/20144, 1999. a
Basha, H. A.: Flow recession equations for karst systems, Water Resour. Res.,
56, e2020WR027384, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027384, 2020. a
Bernatek-Jakiel, A. and Poesen, J.: Subsurface erosion by soil piping:
significance and research needs, Earth Sci. Rev., 185, 1107–1128,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.08.006, 2018.
a
Birk, S. and Hergarten, S.: Early recession behaviour of spring hydrographs, J. Hydrol., 387, 24–32, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.03.026, 2010. a, b
Birk, S., Liedl, R., Sauter, M., and Teutsch, G.: Hydraulic boundary conditions as a controlling factor in karst genesis: A numerical modeling study on artesian conduit development in gypsum, Water Resour. Res., 39, 1004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001308, 2003. a
Carman, P. C.: Fluid flow through granular beds, Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng.
Lond., 15, 150–166, 1937. a
Chifflard, P., Blume, T., Maerker, K., Hopp, L., van Meerveld, I., Graef, T., Gronz, O., Hartmann, A., Kohl, B., Martini, E., Reinhardt-Imjela, C.,
Reiss, M., Rinderer, M., and Achleitner, S.: How can we model subsurface
stormflow at the catchment scale if we cannot measure it?, Hydrol. Process.,
33, 1378–1385, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.13407, 2019. a
Costa, A.: Permeability-porosity relationship: A reexamination of the
Kozeny–Carman equation based on a fractal pore-space geometry assumption, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L02318, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL025134, 2006. a
Cuthbert, M. O., Gleeson, T., Moosdorf, N., Befus, K. M., Schneider, A.,
Hartmann, J., and Lehner, B.: Global patterns and dynamics of
climate–groundwater interactions, Nat. Clim. Change, 9, 137–141,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0386-4, 2019. a, b, c
de Rooij, G. H.: Is the groundwater reservoir linear? A mathematical analysis of two limiting cases, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 11, 83–108, https://doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-83-2014, 2014. a
Drogue, C.: Analyse statistique des hydrogrammes de decrues des sources
karstiques, J. Hydrol., 15, 49–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(72)90075-3, 1972. a
Edery, Y., Stolar, M., Porta, G., and Guadagnini, A.: Feedback mechanisms
between precipitation and dissolution reactions across randomly heterogeneous
conductivity fields, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5905–5915,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5905-2021, 2021. a, b
Enquist, B. J., Brown, J. H., and West, G. B.: Allometric scaling of plant
energetics and population density, Nature, 395, 163–165,
https://doi.org/10.1038/25977, 1998. a
Enquist, B. J., West, G. B., Charnov, E. L., and Brown, J. H.: Allometric
scaling of production and life-history variation in vascular plants, Nature,
401, 907–911, https://doi.org/10.1038/44819, 1999. a
Fenicia, F., Savenije, H. H. G., Matgen, P., and Pfister, L.: Is the
groundwater reservoir linear? Learning from data in hydrological modelling,
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 10, 139–150, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-139-2006, 2006. a
Fiorillo, F.: The recession of spring hydrographs, focused on karst aquifers,
Water Resour. Manage., 28, 1781–1805, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0597-z, 2014. a
Hackbusch, W.: Multi-Grid Methods and Applications, Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg, New York, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02427-0, 1985. a
Halmos, P.: Finite-Dimensional Vector Spaces, in: 2nd Edn., Springer, New York, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-6387-6, 1958. a
Hergarten, S.: Transport-limited fluvial erosion – simple formulation and
efficient numerical treatment, Earth Surf. Dynam., 8, 841–854,
https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-841-2020, 2020. a
Hergarten, S. and Birk, S.: A fractal approach to the recession of spring
hydrographs, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, 11401, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030097,
2007. a, b, c, d
Hergarten, S., Winkler, G., and Birk, S.: Scale invariance of subsurface flow
patterns and its limitation, Water Resour. Res., 52, 3881–3887,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017530, 2016. a
Howard, A. D.: Theoretical model of optimal drainage networks, Water Resour.
Res., 26, 2107–2117, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR026i009p02107, 1990. a
Jeannin, P.-Y., Artigue, G., Butscher, C., Chang, Y., Charlier, J.-B., Duran,
L., Gill, L., Hartmann, A., Johannet, A., Jourde, H., Kavousi, A., Liesch,
T., Liu, Y., Lüthi, M., Malard, A., Mazzilli, N., Pardo-Igúzquiza,
E., Thiéry, D., Reimann, T., Schuler, P., Wöhling, T., and Wunsch,
A.: Karst modelling challenge 1: Results of hydrological modelling, J. Hydrol., 600, 126508, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126508, 2021. a
Kaufmann, G. and Braun, J.: Karst aquifer evolution in fractured, porous rocks, Water Resour. Res., 36, 1381–1391, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999WR900356, 2000. a
Kaufmann, G., Romanov, D., and Hiller, T.: Modeling three-dimensional karst
aquifer evolution using different matrix-flow contributions, J. Hydrol., 388,
241–250, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.001, 2010. a
Kleidon, A. and Renner, M.: Thermodynamic limits of hydrologic cycling within
the Earth system: concepts, estimates and implications, Hydrol. Earth Syst.
Sci., 17, 2873–2892, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2873-2013, 2013. a
Kleidon, A. and Savenije, H. H. G.: Minimum dissipation of potential energy by groundwater outflow results in a simple linear catchment reservoir, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2017-674, 2017. a, b
Kleidon, A. and Schymanski, S. J.: Thermodynamics and optimality of the water
budget on land: a review, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L20404,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2008GL035393, 2008. a
Kleidon, A., Renner, M., and Porada, P.: Estimates of the climatological land
surface energy and water balance derived from maximum convective power,
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2201–2218, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2201-2014,
2014. a
Kleidon, A., Zehe, E., and Loritz, R.: ESD Ideas: Structures dominate the functioning of Earth systems, but their dynamics are not well represented, Earth Syst. Dynam. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-2019-52, 2019. a
Kovács, A.: Quantitative classification of carbonate aquifers based on
hydrodynamic behaviour, Hydrogeol. J., 29, 33–52, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02285-w, 2021. a
Kovács, A. and Perrochet, P.: A quantitative approach to spring hydrograph decomposition, J. Hydrol., 352, 16–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.009, 2008. a, b, c
Kovács, A. and Perrochet, P.: Well hydrograph analysis for the estimation
of hydraulic and geometric parameters of karst and connected water systems,
in: H2Karst Research in Limestone Hydrogeology, edited by: Mudry, J., Zwahlen, F., Bertrand, C., and LaMoreaux, J., Springer, Cham, 97–114, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06139-9_7, 2014. a, b
Kovács, A., Perrochet, P., Király, L., and Jeannin, P.-Y.: A
quantitative method for the characterisation of karst aquifers based on
spring hydrograph analysis, J. Hydrol., 303, 152–164,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.08.023, 2005. a, b, c, d
Kozeny, J.: Über kapillare Leitung des Wassers im Boden, Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 136, 271–306, 1927. a
Maillet, E.: Essais d'Hydraulique souterraine et fluviale, Librairie
Scientifique, A. Hermann, Paris, ISBN 9780282516925, 1905. a
Maritan, A., Colaiori, F., Flammini, A., Cieplak, M., and Banavar, J. R.:
Universality classes of optimal channel networks, Science, 272, 984–986,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5264.984, 1996. a
Nutbrown, D. A.: Identification of parameters in a linear equation of
groundwater flow, Water Resour. Res., 11, 581–588,
https://doi.org/10.1029/WR011i004p00581, 1975. a, b
Padilla, A., Pulido-Bosch, A., and Mangin, A.: Relative importance of baseflow and quickflow from hydrographs of karst spring, Groundwater, 32, 267–277, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00641.x, 1994. a
Pathania, T., Bottacin-Busolin, A., Rastogi, A. K., and Eldho, T. I.:
Simulation of groundwater flow in an unconfined sloping aquifer using the
element-free Galerkin method, Water Resour. Manage., 33, 2827–2845,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-019-02261-4, 2019. a
Pauritsch, M., Birk, S., Wagner, T., Hergarten, S., and Winkler, G.: Analytical approximations of discharge recessions for steeply sloping aquifers in alpine catchments, Water Resour. Res., 51, 8729–8740, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015WR017749, 2015. a
Rinaldo, A., Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., Bras, R. L., Ijjasz-Vasquez, E., and Marani, A.: Minimum energy and fractal structures of drainage networks, Water Resour. Res., 28, 2181–2195, https://doi.org/10.1029/92WR00801, 1992. a
Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., Rinaldo, A., Rigon, R., Bras, R. L., Ijjasz-Vasquez, E., and Marani, A.: Fractal structures as least energy patterns: The case of river networks, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 889–892, https://doi.org/10.1029/92GL00938, 1992a. a
Rodriguez-Iturbe, I., Rinaldo, A., Rigon, R., Bras, R. L., Marani, A., and
Ijjasz-Vasquez, E.: Energy dissipation, runoff production, and the
three-dimensional structure of river basins, Water Resour. Res., 28,
1095–1103, https://doi.org/10.1029/91WR03034, 1992b. a
Rupp, D. E. and Selker, J. S.: On the use of the Boussinesq equation for
interpreting recession hydrographs from sloping aquifers, Water Resour. Res.,
42, W12421, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005080, 2006. a
Savenije, H. H. G.: HESS Opinions: Linking Darcy's equation to the linear reservoir, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1911–1916,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1911-2018, 2018. a
Schroers, S., Eiff, O., Kleidon, A., Scherer, U., Wienhöfer, J., and Zehe, E.: Morphological controls on surface runoff: an interpretation of
steady-state energy patterns, maximum power states and dissipation regimes
within a thermodynamic framework, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 26, 3125–3150,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3125-2022, 2022. a
Sherman, L. K.: Stream flow from rainfall by the unit graph method, Eng. News-Rec., 108, 501–505, 1932. a
Strüven, J. and Hergarten, S.: Flow recession behavior of preferential
subsurface flow patterns, Zenodo [code and data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7050521, 2022. a
West, G. B., Brown, J. H., and Enquist, B. J.: A general model for the origin
of allometric scaling laws in biology, Science, 276, 122–126,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.276.5309.122, 1997. a
West, G. B., Brown, J. H., and Enquist, B. J.: A general model for the
structure and allometry of plant vascular systems, Nature, 400, 664–667,
https://doi.org/10.1038/23251, 1999a. a
West, G. B., Brown, J. H., and Enquist, B. J.: The fourth dimension of life:
fractal geometry and allometric scaling of organisms, Science, 284, 1677–1679, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5420.1677, 1999b. a
Westhoff, M. C. and Zehe, E.: Maximum entropy production: can it be used to
constrain conceptual hydrological models?, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17,
3141–3157, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3141-2013, 2013. a
Westhoff, M. C., Zehe, E., and Schymanski, S. J.: Importance of temporal
variability for hydrological predictions based on the maximum entropy
production principle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 67–73,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058533, 2014. a
Westhoff, M. C., Erpicum, S., Archambeau, P., Pirotton, M., and Dewals, B.:
Maximum energy dissipation to explain velocity fields in shallow reservoirs,
J. Hydraul. Res., 56, 221–230, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2017.1289268, 2017. a
Xu, B., Ye, M., Dong, S., Dai, Z., and Pei, Y.: A new model for simulating
spring discharge recession and estimating effective porosity of karst
aquifers, J. Hydrol., 562, 609–622, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.05.039,
2018. a
Zehe, E., Blume, T., and Blöschl, G.: The principle of maximum energy
dissipation: a novel thermodynamic perspective on rapid water flow in
connected soil structures, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 365, 1377–1386,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0308, 2010. a
Zehe, E., Ehret, U., Blume, T., Kleidon, A., Scherer, U., and Westhoff, M.: A
thermodynamic approach to link self-organization, preferential flow and
rainfall–runoff behaviour, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 4297–4322,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-4297-2013, 2013. a
Zehe, E., Loritz, R., Edery, Y., and Berkowitz, B.: Preferential pathways for
fluid and solutes in heterogeneous groundwater systems: self-organization,
entropy, work, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5337–5353,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5337-2021, 2021. a
Zhao, J., Wang, D., Yang, H., and Sivapalan, M.: Unifying catchment water
balance models for different time scales through the maximum entropy
production principle, Water Resour. Res., 52, 7503–7512, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR018977, 2016. a
Short summary
This study uses dendritic flow patterns to analyze the recession behavior of aquifer springs. The results show that the long-term recession becomes slower for large catchments. After a short recharge event, however, the short-term behavior differs strongly from the exponential recession that would be expected from a linear reservoir. The exponential component still accounts for more than 80 % of the total discharge, much more than typically assumed for karst aquifers.
This study uses dendritic flow patterns to analyze the recession behavior of aquifer springs....
