Articles | Volume 27, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-255-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-255-2023
© Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Review article
| 
12 Jan 2023
Review article |
| 12 Jan 2023
| 12 Jan 2023
Advancing measurements and representations of subsurface heterogeneity and dynamic processes: towards 4D hydrogeology
Department of Geology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
Pascal Goderniaux
Department of Geology and Applied Geology, University of Mons, 7000
Mons, Belgium
Damien Jougnot
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 METIS, 75005 Paris,
France
Jan H. Fleckenstein
Department of Hydrogeology, Helmoltz Centre for Environmental
Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Philip Brunner
Laboratory of Hydrogeological Processes, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
Frédéric Nguyen
Urban and Environmental Engineering, Liege University, 4000 Liege,
Belgium
Niklas Linde
Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
Johan Alexander Huisman
Agrosphere (IBG 3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
Olivier Bour
Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes,
France
Jorge Lopez Alvis
Urban and Environmental Engineering, Liege University, 4000 Liege,
Belgium
now at: Centro de Geociencas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 76230 Querétaro, Mexico
Richard Hoffmann
Urban and Environmental Engineering, Liege University, 4000 Liege,
Belgium
Agrosphere (IBG 3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
Andrea Palacios
Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA),
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
now at: Amphos 21 Consulting, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
Anne-Karin Cooke
Géosciences Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Univ. des Antilles, 34095 Montpellier, France
Institut d'Optique d'Aquitaine, Muquans, 33400 Talence, France
now at: Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR), 13593 Berlin, Germany
Álvaro Pardo-Álvarez
Laboratory of Hydrogeological Processes, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
Lara Blazevic
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UMR 7619 METIS, 75005 Paris,
France
now at: The Research Council of Norway, 0283 Oslo, Norway
Behzad Pouladi
Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes,
France
now at: Silixa Ltd, London, UK
Peleg Haruzi
Agrosphere (IBG 3), Institute of Bio- and Geosciences,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
Department of Environmental Physics and Irrigation, Agricultural
Research Organization – Volcani Institute, 7505101 Rishon LeZion, Israel
Alejandro Fernandez Visentini
Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne,
Switzerland
now at: BRGM, 45060 Orléans CEDEX 02, France
Guilherme E. H. Nogueira
Department of Hydrogeology, Helmoltz Centre for Environmental
Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Joel Tirado-Conde
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management,
University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
now at: Department of Hydrology, Geological Survey of Denmark and
Greenland (GEUS), 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
Majken C. Looms
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management,
University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
Meruyert Kenshilikova
Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes,
France
Philippe Davy
Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes,
France
Tanguy Le Borgne
Univ. Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes,
France
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Latest update: 21 May 2025
Short summary
Although invisible, groundwater plays an essential role for society as a source of drinking water or for ecosystems but is also facing important challenges in terms of contamination. Characterizing groundwater reservoirs with their spatial heterogeneity and their temporal evolution is therefore crucial for their sustainable management. In this paper, we review some important challenges and recent innovations in imaging and modeling the 4D nature of the hydrogeological systems.
Although invisible, groundwater plays an essential role for society as a source of drinking...
