Articles | Volume 26, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5411-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-5411-2022
© Author(s) 2022. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
28 Oct 2022
Research article |
| 28 Oct 2022
| 28 Oct 2022
Understanding the diurnal cycle of land–atmosphere interactions from flux site observations
Eunkyo Seo
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, George Mason University,
Fairfax, 22030, United States
Department of Environmental Atmospheric Sciences, Pukyong National
University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
Paul A. Dirmeyer
Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, George Mason University,
Fairfax, 22030, United States
Viewed
Total article views: 4,958 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 14 Jun 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,298 | 1,533 | 127 | 4,958 | 314 | 149 | 154 |
- HTML: 3,298
- PDF: 1,533
- XML: 127
- Total: 4,958
- Supplement: 314
- BibTeX: 149
- EndNote: 154
Total article views: 3,739 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 28 Oct 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,681 | 953 | 105 | 3,739 | 181 | 133 | 140 |
- HTML: 2,681
- PDF: 953
- XML: 105
- Total: 3,739
- Supplement: 181
- BibTeX: 133
- EndNote: 140
Total article views: 1,219 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 14 Jun 2022)
| HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 617 | 580 | 22 | 1,219 | 133 | 16 | 14 |
- HTML: 617
- PDF: 580
- XML: 22
- Total: 1,219
- Supplement: 133
- BibTeX: 16
- EndNote: 14
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 4,958 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,782 with geography defined
and 176 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 3,739 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 3,627 with geography defined
and 112 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 1,219 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 1,155 with geography defined
and 64 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Deducing land–atmosphere coupling regimes from SMAP soil moisture P. Makhasana et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5087-2024
- Implementation of a multi-layer snow scheme in the GloSea6 seasonal forecast system: impacts on land–atmosphere interactions and climatological biases E. Seo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1261-2026
- Exploring RegCM model sensitivity to arid conditions in Hungary: a case study of the extreme dry year of 2011 T. Kalmár & R. Pongrácz https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-026-08200-5
- Contribution of land-atmosphere coupling in 2022 CONUS compound drought-heatwave events and implications for forecasting D. Yoon et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100722
- Exploring diurnal variation in soil moisture via sub-daily estimates reconstruction Z. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134005
- Determinants of flash drought recovery rates: the role of precipitation patterns and surface heterogeneity Z. Qi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133574
- Local and remote drivers of increased variability in extreme wildfire conditions in Southeastern Australia K. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111156
- Generation and evaluation of energy and water fluxes from the HOLAPS framework: Comparison with satellite-based products during extreme hot weather A. García-García & J. Peng https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114451
- Summer soil moisture-convective precipitation coupling in Northern China at different timescales H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102685
- Changes of Compound Droughts and Heatwaves Events and Their Driving Factors in the Jianghuai Region, China X. Chai et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70271
- Sensitivity of the Land–Atmosphere Coupling to Soil Moisture Anomalies during the Warm Season in China and its Surrounding Areas L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020221
- Accurate assessment of land–atmosphere coupling in climate models requires high-frequency data output K. Findell et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1869-2024
- The role of soil moisture-temperature coupling for the 2018 Northern European heatwave in a subseasonal forecast S. Tak et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100670
- Climate sensitive designs for policy makers: How LES model resolution affects accuracy in capturing urban micro-scale weather during heatwaves L. Sungur et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102400
- Frequency domain‐based analytical solutions for one‐dimensional soil water flow in layered soils J. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20372
- CMIP7 data request: land and land ice priorities and opportunities Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3129-2026
- Towards unified land data assimilation at ECMWF: Soil and snow temperature analysis in the SEKF C. Herbert et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4808
- The role of land–atmosphere coupling in subseasonal surface air temperature prediction across the contiguous United States Y. Lim et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3435-2025
- Daytime water and CO2 exchange within and above the Amazon rainforest R. González-Armas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110621
- First mapping of subsurface soil temperature profiles by integrating diurnal cycles of microwave and thermal infrared observations D. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2026.04.012
- Daytime-only mean data enhance understanding of land–atmosphere coupling Z. Yin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-861-2023
- Impacts of a shallow convection scheme on kilometer-scale atmospheric simulations over the Tibetan Plateau J. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07320-0
- Adjusting diurnal error in dielectric-based in situ soil moisture measurements via Fourier time-filtering using land surface model datasets J. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2207-2026
- Increased atmospheric water stress on gross primary productivity during flash droughts over China from 1961 to 2022 X. Xi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100667
- Sim2DSphere: A novel modelling tool for the study of land surface interactions G. Petropoulos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106086
- Role of Land–Atmosphere Interaction in the 2016 Northeast Asia Heat Wave: Impact of Soil Moisture Initialization D. Yoon et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037718
- Enhancing understanding of vegetation responses to flash droughts: the need for high-temporal-resolution monitoring data Z. Qi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135659
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Deducing land–atmosphere coupling regimes from SMAP soil moisture P. Makhasana et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5087-2024
- Implementation of a multi-layer snow scheme in the GloSea6 seasonal forecast system: impacts on land–atmosphere interactions and climatological biases E. Seo et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-1261-2026
- Exploring RegCM model sensitivity to arid conditions in Hungary: a case study of the extreme dry year of 2011 T. Kalmár & R. Pongrácz https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-026-08200-5
- Contribution of land-atmosphere coupling in 2022 CONUS compound drought-heatwave events and implications for forecasting D. Yoon et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100722
- Exploring diurnal variation in soil moisture via sub-daily estimates reconstruction Z. Wei et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134005
- Determinants of flash drought recovery rates: the role of precipitation patterns and surface heterogeneity Z. Qi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133574
- Local and remote drivers of increased variability in extreme wildfire conditions in Southeastern Australia K. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2026.111156
- Generation and evaluation of energy and water fluxes from the HOLAPS framework: Comparison with satellite-based products during extreme hot weather A. García-García & J. Peng https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2024.114451
- Summer soil moisture-convective precipitation coupling in Northern China at different timescales H. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102685
- Changes of Compound Droughts and Heatwaves Events and Their Driving Factors in the Jianghuai Region, China X. Chai et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.70271
- Sensitivity of the Land–Atmosphere Coupling to Soil Moisture Anomalies during the Warm Season in China and its Surrounding Areas L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020221
- Accurate assessment of land–atmosphere coupling in climate models requires high-frequency data output K. Findell et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-1869-2024
- The role of soil moisture-temperature coupling for the 2018 Northern European heatwave in a subseasonal forecast S. Tak et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100670
- Climate sensitive designs for policy makers: How LES model resolution affects accuracy in capturing urban micro-scale weather during heatwaves L. Sungur et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102400
- Frequency domain‐based analytical solutions for one‐dimensional soil water flow in layered soils J. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20372
- CMIP7 data request: land and land ice priorities and opportunities Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-19-3129-2026
- Towards unified land data assimilation at ECMWF: Soil and snow temperature analysis in the SEKF C. Herbert et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4808
- The role of land–atmosphere coupling in subseasonal surface air temperature prediction across the contiguous United States Y. Lim et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3435-2025
- Daytime water and CO2 exchange within and above the Amazon rainforest R. González-Armas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110621
- First mapping of subsurface soil temperature profiles by integrating diurnal cycles of microwave and thermal infrared observations D. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2026.04.012
- Daytime-only mean data enhance understanding of land–atmosphere coupling Z. Yin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-861-2023
- Impacts of a shallow convection scheme on kilometer-scale atmospheric simulations over the Tibetan Plateau J. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07320-0
- Adjusting diurnal error in dielectric-based in situ soil moisture measurements via Fourier time-filtering using land surface model datasets J. Han et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2207-2026
- Increased atmospheric water stress on gross primary productivity during flash droughts over China from 1961 to 2022 X. Xi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100667
- Sim2DSphere: A novel modelling tool for the study of land surface interactions G. Petropoulos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2024.106086
- Role of Land–Atmosphere Interaction in the 2016 Northeast Asia Heat Wave: Impact of Soil Moisture Initialization D. Yoon et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037718
- Enhancing understanding of vegetation responses to flash droughts: the need for high-temporal-resolution monitoring data Z. Qi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135659
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 05 Aug 2026
Short summary
This study presents the climatology of the observed land–atmosphere interactions on a subdaily timescale during the warm season from flux site observations. Multivariate metrics are employed to examine the land, atmosphere, and combined couplings, and a mixing diagram is adopted to understand the coevolution of the moist and thermal energy budget within the atmospheric mixed layer. The diurnal cycles of both mixing diagrams and hourly land–atmosphere couplings exhibit hysteresis.
This study presents the climatology of the observed land–atmosphere interactions on a subdaily...
