Articles | Volume 25, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-583-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-583-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Feb 2021
Research article |
| 10 Feb 2021
| 10 Feb 2021
The use of personal weather station observations to improve precipitation estimation and interpolation
András Bárdossy
Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Jochen Seidel
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
Abbas El Hachem
Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Cited
36 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Urban Climate Informatics: An Emerging Research Field A. Middel et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.867434
- Evaluation of factors affecting the quality of citizen science rainfall data in Akaki catchment, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia H. Tedla et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128284
- Technical note: A guide to using three open-source quality control algorithms for rainfall data from personal weather stations A. El Hachem et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4715-2024
- Rainfall nowcasting models: state of the art and possible future perspectives D. De Luca et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2025.2490780
- Adaptation of RainGaugeQC algorithms for quality control of rain gauge data from professional and non-professional measurement networks K. Ośródka et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3229-2025
- Torrential rainfall in Valencia, Spain, recorded by personal weather stations preceding and during the 29 October 2024 floods N. Rombeek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6715-2025
- An automatic quality evaluation procedure for third-party daily rainfall observations and its application over Australia M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-023-02401-8
- Panta Rhei: a decade of progress in research on change in hydrology and society H. Kreibich et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2025.2469762
- Flood resilience through crowdsourced rainfall data collection: Growing engagement faces non-uniform spatial adoption A. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127724
- On the Importance of Data Quality Assessment of Crowdsourced Meteorological Data M. Vuckovic & J. Schmidt https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086941
- Personal weather stations in hydrology and meteorology: a review of applications, challenges and future directions P. Mazzoglio et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2026.2665735
- Evaluation of Selected Amateur Rain Gauges with Hellmann Rain Gauge Measurements R. Droździoł & D. Absalon https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11050107
- Evaluation of WRF model rainfall forecast using citizen science in a data-scarce urban catchment: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia H. Tedla et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101273
- Exploratory analysis of citizen observations of hourly precipitation over Scandinavia C. Lussana et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-20-35-2023
- Ensemble‐based statistical interpolation of atmospheric variables near the surface C. Lussana et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5046
- Why do our rainfall–runoff models keep underestimating the peak flows? A. Bárdossy & F. Anwar https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1987-2023
- CrowdQC+—A Quality-Control for Crowdsourced Air-Temperature Observations Enabling World-Wide Urban Climate Applications D. Fenner et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.720747
- The legacy of STAHY: milestones, achievements, challenges, and open problems in statistical hydrology E. Volpi et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2024.2385686
- Threshold-based flood early warning in an urbanizing catchment through multi-source data integration: Satellite and citizen science contribution H. Tedla et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131076
- Enhancing gridded climate products with third party weather data in a rainfall study from Western Australia M. Li & Q. Shao https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11145-0
- Rainfall estimates from opportunistic sensors in Germany across spatio-temporal scales M. Graf et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100883
- Integrating WRF forecasts at different scales for pluvial flood forecasting using a rainfall threshold approach and a real-time flood model A. Young et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132891
- The Impact of a Lack of Government Strategies for Sustainable Water Management and Land Use Planning on the Hydrology of Water Bodies: Lessons Learned from the Disappearance of the Aculeo Lagoon in Central Chile R. Valdés-Pineda et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010413
- Exploring the relationship between flood insurance claims, crowdsourced rainfall, and tide levels for coastal urban communities: Case study for the mid-Atlantic United States A. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130123
- Improving Doppler Radar Precipitation Prediction with Citizen Science Rain Gauges and Deep Learning M. Rosenhoover et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123719
- Evaluation of high-intensity rainfall observations from personal weather stations in the Netherlands N. Rombeek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4585-2025
- Merging with crowdsourced rain gauge data improves pan-European radar precipitation estimates A. Overeem et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-649-2024
- Have you ever seen the rain? Observing a record convective rainfall with national and local monitoring networks and opportunistic sensors L. Petersson Wårdh et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-461-2026
- Urban fluxes for free: Estimating urban turbulent surface fluxes from crowdsourced meteorological canyon layer observations W. van der Meer et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100201
- Data formats and standards for opportunistic rainfall sensors M. Fencl et al. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16068.1
- Merging weather radar data and opportunistic rainfall sensor data to enhance rainfall estimates J. Nielsen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107228
- Data formats and standards for opportunistic rainfall sensors M. Fencl et al. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16068.2
- Automatic quality control of telemetric rain gauge data providing quantitative quality information (RainGaugeQC) K. Ośródka et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5581-2022
- Analysis of nocturnal urban heat advection using crowd weather stations J. Kittner et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5065
- Filling observational gaps with crowdsourced citizen science rainfall data from the Met Office Weather Observation Website T. O'Hara et al. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.136
- Evaluation of a Wireless Solar Powered Personal Weather Station R. Lascano et al. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2024.151003
36 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Urban Climate Informatics: An Emerging Research Field A. Middel et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.867434
- Evaluation of factors affecting the quality of citizen science rainfall data in Akaki catchment, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia H. Tedla et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128284
- Technical note: A guide to using three open-source quality control algorithms for rainfall data from personal weather stations A. El Hachem et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-4715-2024
- Rainfall nowcasting models: state of the art and possible future perspectives D. De Luca et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2025.2490780
- Adaptation of RainGaugeQC algorithms for quality control of rain gauge data from professional and non-professional measurement networks K. Ośródka et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-3229-2025
- Torrential rainfall in Valencia, Spain, recorded by personal weather stations preceding and during the 29 October 2024 floods N. Rombeek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6715-2025
- An automatic quality evaluation procedure for third-party daily rainfall observations and its application over Australia M. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-023-02401-8
- Panta Rhei: a decade of progress in research on change in hydrology and society H. Kreibich et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2025.2469762
- Flood resilience through crowdsourced rainfall data collection: Growing engagement faces non-uniform spatial adoption A. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127724
- On the Importance of Data Quality Assessment of Crowdsourced Meteorological Data M. Vuckovic & J. Schmidt https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086941
- Personal weather stations in hydrology and meteorology: a review of applications, challenges and future directions P. Mazzoglio et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2026.2665735
- Evaluation of Selected Amateur Rain Gauges with Hellmann Rain Gauge Measurements R. Droździoł & D. Absalon https://doi.org/10.3390/cli11050107
- Evaluation of WRF model rainfall forecast using citizen science in a data-scarce urban catchment: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia H. Tedla et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101273
- Exploratory analysis of citizen observations of hourly precipitation over Scandinavia C. Lussana et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/asr-20-35-2023
- Ensemble‐based statistical interpolation of atmospheric variables near the surface C. Lussana et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5046
- Why do our rainfall–runoff models keep underestimating the peak flows? A. Bárdossy & F. Anwar https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1987-2023
- CrowdQC+—A Quality-Control for Crowdsourced Air-Temperature Observations Enabling World-Wide Urban Climate Applications D. Fenner et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2021.720747
- The legacy of STAHY: milestones, achievements, challenges, and open problems in statistical hydrology E. Volpi et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2024.2385686
- Threshold-based flood early warning in an urbanizing catchment through multi-source data integration: Satellite and citizen science contribution H. Tedla et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131076
- Enhancing gridded climate products with third party weather data in a rainfall study from Western Australia M. Li & Q. Shao https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11145-0
- Rainfall estimates from opportunistic sensors in Germany across spatio-temporal scales M. Graf et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100883
- Integrating WRF forecasts at different scales for pluvial flood forecasting using a rainfall threshold approach and a real-time flood model A. Young et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132891
- The Impact of a Lack of Government Strategies for Sustainable Water Management and Land Use Planning on the Hydrology of Water Bodies: Lessons Learned from the Disappearance of the Aculeo Lagoon in Central Chile R. Valdés-Pineda et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010413
- Exploring the relationship between flood insurance claims, crowdsourced rainfall, and tide levels for coastal urban communities: Case study for the mid-Atlantic United States A. Chen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130123
- Improving Doppler Radar Precipitation Prediction with Citizen Science Rain Gauges and Deep Learning M. Rosenhoover et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25123719
- Evaluation of high-intensity rainfall observations from personal weather stations in the Netherlands N. Rombeek et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4585-2025
- Merging with crowdsourced rain gauge data improves pan-European radar precipitation estimates A. Overeem et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-649-2024
- Have you ever seen the rain? Observing a record convective rainfall with national and local monitoring networks and opportunistic sensors L. Petersson Wårdh et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-461-2026
- Urban fluxes for free: Estimating urban turbulent surface fluxes from crowdsourced meteorological canyon layer observations W. van der Meer et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cacint.2025.100201
- Data formats and standards for opportunistic rainfall sensors M. Fencl et al. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16068.1
- Merging weather radar data and opportunistic rainfall sensor data to enhance rainfall estimates J. Nielsen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107228
- Data formats and standards for opportunistic rainfall sensors M. Fencl et al. https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16068.2
- Automatic quality control of telemetric rain gauge data providing quantitative quality information (RainGaugeQC) K. Ośródka et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5581-2022
- Analysis of nocturnal urban heat advection using crowd weather stations J. Kittner et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.5065
- Filling observational gaps with crowdsourced citizen science rainfall data from the Met Office Weather Observation Website T. O'Hara et al. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2023.136
- Evaluation of a Wireless Solar Powered Personal Weather Station R. Lascano et al. https://doi.org/10.4236/as.2024.151003
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 21 Jun 2026
Short summary
In this study, the applicability of data from private weather stations (PWS) for precipitation interpolation was investigated. Due to unknown errors and biases in these observations, a two-step filter was developed that uses indicator correlations and event-based spatial precipitation patterns. The procedure was tested and cross validated for the state of Baden-Württemberg (Germany). The biggest improvement is achieved for the shortest time aggregations.
In this study, the applicability of data from private weather stations (PWS) for precipitation...
