Articles | Volume 25, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2739-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2739-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Advances in soil moisture retrieval from multispectral remote sensing using unoccupied aircraft systems and machine learning techniques
Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Anna Fryjoff-Hung
Center for Information Technology in the Interest of Society and the Banatao Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
Andreas Anderson
Center for Information Technology in the Interest of Society and the Banatao Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
Joshua H. Viers
Center for Information Technology in the Interest of Society and the Banatao Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
Teamrat A. Ghezzehei
Center for Information Technology in the Interest of Society and the Banatao Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
Life and Environmental Science, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
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Cited
39 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Spatial predictions of soil moisture across a longitudinal gradient in semiarid ecosystems using UAV and RGB sensors A. Hernandez et al.
- How to combine socioeconomic assessment and remote sensing methods to recover and group farm plots at risk of abandonment C. Calafat-Marzal et al.
- Approaches for Assessment of Soil Moisture with Conventional Methods, Remote Sensing, UAV, and Machine Learning Methods—A Review S. Haokip et al.
- Improved understanding of vegetation dynamics and wetland ecohydrology via monthly UAV‐based classification S. Wu et al.
- Estimation of Soil Moisture during Different Growth Stages of Summer Maize under Various Water Conditions Using UAV Multispectral Data and Machine Learning Z. Chen et al.
- Soil ecosystem services in urban areas and methods for their assessment using remote sensing L. Poreba et al.
- A Decade of Data‐Driven Water Budgets: Synthesis and Bibliometric Review K. Moyers et al.
- Application of a Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Model for the Inversion of Nickel Content in Urban Soil Q. Zhong et al.
- Deep Learning-Based Framework for Soil Moisture Content Retrieval of Bare Soil from Satellite Data M. Dabboor et al.
- Vegetation spectra as an integrated measure to explain underlying soil characteristics: a review of recent advances W. Buma et al.
- Objectivization of an expert assessment framework for drought monitoring H. Xu et al.
- Quantification of soil water content by machine learning using enhanced high-resolution ERT F. Meng et al.
- The Potential of Optical UAS Data for Predicting Surface Soil Moisture in a Peatland across Time and Sites R. de Lima et al.
- Comparative Analysis of Machine-Learning Models for Soil Moisture Estimation Using High-Resolution Remote-Sensing Data M. Li & Y. Yan
- Enhancing soil moisture retrieval in semi-arid regions using machine learning algorithms and remote sensing data X. Duan et al.
- A novel approach for reliability assessment of corroded offshore pipelines using machine learning and random sampling S. Hosseinzadeh & M. Bahaari
- Precision Irrigation Soil Moisture Mapper: A Thermal Inertia Approach to Estimating Volumetric Soil Water Content Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Multispectral Imagery K. Wienhold et al.
- Deep fusion approach: Combining hyperspectral imaging and ground penetrating radar for accurate cornfield soil moisture mapping M. Vahidi et al.
- An efficient soil moisture sampling scheme for the improvement of remotely sensed soil moisture validation over an agricultural field Z. Alijani et al.
- Satellite-Based Estimation of Soil Moisture Content in Croplands: A Case Study in Golestan Province, North of Iran S. Bandak et al.
- Soil Moisture Mapping with Moisture-Related Indices, OPTRAM, and an Integrated Random Forest-OPTRAM Algorithm from Landsat 8 Images U. Acharya et al.
- Comparison of bagging, boosting and stacking algorithms for surface soil moisture mapping using optical-thermal-microwave remote sensing synergies B. Das et al.
- Enhanced root zone soil moisture monitoring using multitemporal remote sensing data and machine learning techniques A. Nouraki et al.
- Experimental study on estimating bare soil moisture content based on UAV multi-source remote sensing H. Yuan et al.
- Recent Advances in Dielectric Properties-Based Soil Water Content Measurements M. Abdulraheem et al.
- Guiding riparian vegetation planting with machine learning R. Diaz-Gomez et al.
- PIML-SM: Physics-Informed Machine Learning to Estimate Surface Soil Moisture From Multisensor Satellite Images by Leveraging Swarm Intelligence A. Singh & K. Gaurav
- Spatial mapping of soil moisture content using very-high resolution UAV-based multispectral image analytics S. Khose & D. Mailapalli
- Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Monitoring Pastures and Forages in Agricultural Sciences: A Systematic Review W. Santos et al.
- Applications of Machine Learning and Remote Sensing in Soil and Water Conservation Y. Kim et al.
- Soil Moisture Monitoring Method and Data Products: Current Research Status and Future Development Trends R. Liu et al.
- GREAT-Net: A Deep Spatiotemporal Fusion Network for High-Resolution Multisatellite GNSS-REflectometry Soil Moisture Retrieval With ScATterometer Constraints X. Wan et al.
- Analysis of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Sensor Data for Natural Resource Applications: A Review B. Fraser et al.
- Plant species richness responses to microtopography across a vernal pool complex revealed by UAV-LiDAR J. Nesslage et al.
- Spatial-temporal constraints for surface soil moisture mapping using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data over agricultural regions Z. Ya'nan et al.
- Integrating machine learning models with ground sensors to enhance soil moisture prediction in agroecosystems of Texas G. Tefera et al.
- A Remote Sensing Driven Soil Moisture Estimator: Uncertain Downscaling With Geostatistically Based Use of Ancillary Data M. Karamouz et al.
- Transferability of aboveground biomass estimation using Sentinel-1/2 and GEDI data in subtropical forests of complex terrain, China G. Wang et al.
- UAV-enabled approaches for irrigation scheduling and water body characterization M. Yadav et al.
39 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Spatial predictions of soil moisture across a longitudinal gradient in semiarid ecosystems using UAV and RGB sensors A. Hernandez et al.
- How to combine socioeconomic assessment and remote sensing methods to recover and group farm plots at risk of abandonment C. Calafat-Marzal et al.
- Approaches for Assessment of Soil Moisture with Conventional Methods, Remote Sensing, UAV, and Machine Learning Methods—A Review S. Haokip et al.
- Improved understanding of vegetation dynamics and wetland ecohydrology via monthly UAV‐based classification S. Wu et al.
- Estimation of Soil Moisture during Different Growth Stages of Summer Maize under Various Water Conditions Using UAV Multispectral Data and Machine Learning Z. Chen et al.
- Soil ecosystem services in urban areas and methods for their assessment using remote sensing L. Poreba et al.
- A Decade of Data‐Driven Water Budgets: Synthesis and Bibliometric Review K. Moyers et al.
- Application of a Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Model for the Inversion of Nickel Content in Urban Soil Q. Zhong et al.
- Deep Learning-Based Framework for Soil Moisture Content Retrieval of Bare Soil from Satellite Data M. Dabboor et al.
- Vegetation spectra as an integrated measure to explain underlying soil characteristics: a review of recent advances W. Buma et al.
- Objectivization of an expert assessment framework for drought monitoring H. Xu et al.
- Quantification of soil water content by machine learning using enhanced high-resolution ERT F. Meng et al.
- The Potential of Optical UAS Data for Predicting Surface Soil Moisture in a Peatland across Time and Sites R. de Lima et al.
- Comparative Analysis of Machine-Learning Models for Soil Moisture Estimation Using High-Resolution Remote-Sensing Data M. Li & Y. Yan
- Enhancing soil moisture retrieval in semi-arid regions using machine learning algorithms and remote sensing data X. Duan et al.
- A novel approach for reliability assessment of corroded offshore pipelines using machine learning and random sampling S. Hosseinzadeh & M. Bahaari
- Precision Irrigation Soil Moisture Mapper: A Thermal Inertia Approach to Estimating Volumetric Soil Water Content Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Multispectral Imagery K. Wienhold et al.
- Deep fusion approach: Combining hyperspectral imaging and ground penetrating radar for accurate cornfield soil moisture mapping M. Vahidi et al.
- An efficient soil moisture sampling scheme for the improvement of remotely sensed soil moisture validation over an agricultural field Z. Alijani et al.
- Satellite-Based Estimation of Soil Moisture Content in Croplands: A Case Study in Golestan Province, North of Iran S. Bandak et al.
- Soil Moisture Mapping with Moisture-Related Indices, OPTRAM, and an Integrated Random Forest-OPTRAM Algorithm from Landsat 8 Images U. Acharya et al.
- Comparison of bagging, boosting and stacking algorithms for surface soil moisture mapping using optical-thermal-microwave remote sensing synergies B. Das et al.
- Enhanced root zone soil moisture monitoring using multitemporal remote sensing data and machine learning techniques A. Nouraki et al.
- Experimental study on estimating bare soil moisture content based on UAV multi-source remote sensing H. Yuan et al.
- Recent Advances in Dielectric Properties-Based Soil Water Content Measurements M. Abdulraheem et al.
- Guiding riparian vegetation planting with machine learning R. Diaz-Gomez et al.
- PIML-SM: Physics-Informed Machine Learning to Estimate Surface Soil Moisture From Multisensor Satellite Images by Leveraging Swarm Intelligence A. Singh & K. Gaurav
- Spatial mapping of soil moisture content using very-high resolution UAV-based multispectral image analytics S. Khose & D. Mailapalli
- Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Monitoring Pastures and Forages in Agricultural Sciences: A Systematic Review W. Santos et al.
- Applications of Machine Learning and Remote Sensing in Soil and Water Conservation Y. Kim et al.
- Soil Moisture Monitoring Method and Data Products: Current Research Status and Future Development Trends R. Liu et al.
- GREAT-Net: A Deep Spatiotemporal Fusion Network for High-Resolution Multisatellite GNSS-REflectometry Soil Moisture Retrieval With ScATterometer Constraints X. Wan et al.
- Analysis of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Sensor Data for Natural Resource Applications: A Review B. Fraser et al.
- Plant species richness responses to microtopography across a vernal pool complex revealed by UAV-LiDAR J. Nesslage et al.
- Spatial-temporal constraints for surface soil moisture mapping using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data over agricultural regions Z. Ya'nan et al.
- Integrating machine learning models with ground sensors to enhance soil moisture prediction in agroecosystems of Texas G. Tefera et al.
- A Remote Sensing Driven Soil Moisture Estimator: Uncertain Downscaling With Geostatistically Based Use of Ancillary Data M. Karamouz et al.
- Transferability of aboveground biomass estimation using Sentinel-1/2 and GEDI data in subtropical forests of complex terrain, China G. Wang et al.
- UAV-enabled approaches for irrigation scheduling and water body characterization M. Yadav et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 06 May 2026
Short summary
We took aerial photos of a grassland area using an unoccupied aerial vehicle and used the images to estimate soil moisture via machine learning. We were able to estimate soil moisture with high accuracy. Furthermore, by analyzing the machine learning models we developed, we learned how different factors drive the distribution of moisture across the landscape. Among the factors, rainfall, evapotranspiration, and topography were most important in controlling surface soil moisture distribution.
We took aerial photos of a grassland area using an unoccupied aerial vehicle and used the images...