Articles | Volume 25, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2045-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-2045-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Rainfall–runoff prediction at multiple timescales with a single Long Short-Term Memory network
Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
Frederik Kratzert
Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
Daniel Klotz
Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
Grey Nearing
Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
Jimmy Lin
David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
Sepp Hochreiter
Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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197 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Runoff Prediction in the Xijiang River Basin Based on Long Short-Term Memory with Variant Models and Its Interpretable Analysis Q. Tian et al.
- Technical note: An approach for handling multiple temporal frequencies with different input dimensions using a single LSTM cell E. Acuña Espinoza et al.
- A probabilistic machine learning framework for daily extreme events forecasting A. Sattari et al.
- Short-term dissolved oxygen forecasting in lakes of the middle and lower Yangtze River basin using generative AI–enhanced machine learning W. Gu et al.
- Linking explainable artificial intelligence and soil moisture dynamics in a machine learning streamflow model A. Ley et al.
- Evaluation of the hydrological utility of the GPM IMERG satellite precipitation products H. Meng & T. Zhao
- AI‐based runoff simulation based on remote sensing observations: A case study of two river basins in the United States and Canada P. Parisouj et al.
- Prediction of mine water quality by the Seq2Seq model based on attention mechanism X. Wang & Y. Li
- Interpreting Deep Machine Learning for Streamflow Modeling Across Glacial, Nival, and Pluvial Regimes in Southwestern Canada S. Anderson & V. Radić
- Combining recurrent neural networks with variational mode decomposition and multifractals to predict rainfall time series H. Zhou et al.
- Operational low-flow forecasting using LSTMs J. Deng et al.
- RETRACTED ARTICLE: Green roofs and their effect on architectural design and urban ecology using deep learning approaches C. Wang et al.
- Post‐Processing the National Water Model with Long Short‐Term Memory Networks for Streamflow Predictions and Model Diagnostics J. Frame et al.
- NeuralHydrology — A Python library for Deep Learning research in hydrology F. Kratzert et al.
- An advanced approach for the precise prediction of water quality using a discrete hidden markov model D. Li et al.
- Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Networks for Accurate River Flow Forecasting: A Case Study on the Morava River Basin (Serbia) I. Leščešen et al.
- Integrating Euclidean and non-Euclidean spatial information for deep learning-based spatiotemporal hydrological simulation L. Deng et al.
- On strictly enforced mass conservation constraints for modelling the Rainfall‐Runoff process J. Frame et al.
- Evaluating Grazing Management for Drought Reduction Under Different Climate Change Scenarios M. Abdulahi et al.
- Improving the interpretability and predictive power of hydrological models: Applications for daily streamflow in managed and unmanaged catchments P. Bhasme & U. Bhatia
- A Runoff Prediction Model Based on Nonhomogeneous Markov Chain W. Li et al.
- MSTRFormer: A Multi-Factor Daily Runoff Forecasting Model Integrating Adaptive Graph Convolution and Linear Attention W. Wang et al.
- What controls hydrology? An assessment across the contiguous United States through an interpretable machine learning approach K. Li & S. Razavi
- Using Machine Learning to Identify Hydrologic Signatures With an Encoder–Decoder Framework T. Botterill & H. McMillan
- Predicting daily solar radiation using a novel hybrid long short-term memory network across four climate regions of China L. Xing et al.
- CH-RUN: a deep-learning-based spatially contiguous runoff reconstruction for Switzerland B. Kraft et al.
- EWT_Informer: a novel satellite-derived rainfall–runoff model based on informer S. Wang et al.
- Mind the information gap: How sampling and clustering impact the predictability of reach‐scale channel types in California (USA) H. Guillon et al.
- Temporal changes in precipitation and correlation with large climate indicators in the Hengshao Drought Corridor, China T. Zhang et al.
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Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 30 Apr 2026
Short summary
We present multi-timescale Short-Term Memory (MTS-LSTM), a machine learning approach that predicts discharge at multiple timescales within one model. MTS-LSTM is significantly more accurate than the US National Water Model and computationally more efficient than an individual LSTM model per timescale. Further, MTS-LSTM can process different input variables at different timescales, which is important as the lead time of meteorological forecasts often depends on their temporal resolution.
We present multi-timescale Short-Term Memory (MTS-LSTM), a machine learning approach that...