Articles | Volume 23, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3593-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3593-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
04 Sep 2019
Research article |
| 04 Sep 2019
| 04 Sep 2019
A soil non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) flushing laboratory experiment based on measuring the dielectric properties of soil–organic mixtures via time domain reflectometry (TDR)
Alessandro Comegna
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Agricultural Forestry, Food, and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
Antonio Coppola
School of Agricultural Forestry, Food, and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
Giovanna Dragonetti
Mediterranean Agronomic Institute, Land and Water Division, IAMB,
Bari, Italy
Angelo Sommella
Department of Agriculture, University of Naples Federico II,
Naples, Italy
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Cited
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Analysis of critical water flow and solute transport parameters in different soils mixed with a synthetic zeolite A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107150
- Recent Technological Upgrades to the SHYPROM IoT-Based System for Monitoring Soil Water Status A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25164934
- A four-parameter-based thermo-TDR approach to estimate water and NAPL contents of soil liquid Y. Kojima et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116263
- Resistivity characteristics of dense non-aqueous phase liquids contaminated clay and methods for modifying the Archie's model Y. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106009
- Vadose Zone Monitoring as a Key to Groundwater Protection O. Dahan https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2020.599569
- Impact of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on the soil hydraulic and solute transport properties A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03630-6
- Soil dielectric permittivity modelling for 50 MHz instrumentation G. Mendoza Veirana et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116624
- Comparing actual transpiration fluxes as measured at leaf-scale and calculated by a physically based agro-hydrological model A. Sobhani et al. https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2023.1527
- Development of a 3D-Printed Capacitive Sensor for Soil Water Content Estimation Using Nickel-Based Conductive Paint A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26051494
- Volatilization process of toluene from contaminated soil under consideration of co-existence of pore water L. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15397-x
- Soil water and fuel permeability of a Cambisol in southern Brazil and its spatial behavior: A case study L. Gonçalves‐Maduro et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20035
- Real-time assessment of plant photosynthetic pigment contents with an artificial intelligence approach in a mobile application K. Prilianti et al. https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2020.1082
- Integrated use of chemical and geophysical monitoring to study the diesel oil biodegradation in microcosms with different operative conditions C. Raffa et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00681-2
- A Novel Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) System for Water Content Estimation in Soils: Development and Application A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25041099
- Advancement of emerging technologies for non-destructive measurement of water and non-aqueous phase liquid saturation in porous media: A review K. Kumar & H. Ramli https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2025.101022
- Detection of hydrocarbon spills by means of a coaxial impedance dielectric sensor F. Francisca et al. https://doi.org/10.1680/jenge.22.00035
- Effects of Natural Zeolites on Nitrate and Ammonium Leaching in Sandy-Loam Soils A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology13060147
- A review of new TDR applications for measuring non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in soils A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100296
- Time domain reflectometry for dielectric characterization of olive mill wastewater contaminated soils A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2020.1092
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Analysis of critical water flow and solute transport parameters in different soils mixed with a synthetic zeolite A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107150
- Recent Technological Upgrades to the SHYPROM IoT-Based System for Monitoring Soil Water Status A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25164934
- A four-parameter-based thermo-TDR approach to estimate water and NAPL contents of soil liquid Y. Kojima et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.116263
- Resistivity characteristics of dense non-aqueous phase liquids contaminated clay and methods for modifying the Archie's model Y. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2025.106009
- Vadose Zone Monitoring as a Key to Groundwater Protection O. Dahan https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2020.599569
- Impact of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on the soil hydraulic and solute transport properties A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03630-6
- Soil dielectric permittivity modelling for 50 MHz instrumentation G. Mendoza Veirana et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116624
- Comparing actual transpiration fluxes as measured at leaf-scale and calculated by a physically based agro-hydrological model A. Sobhani et al. https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2023.1527
- Development of a 3D-Printed Capacitive Sensor for Soil Water Content Estimation Using Nickel-Based Conductive Paint A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26051494
- Volatilization process of toluene from contaminated soil under consideration of co-existence of pore water L. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15397-x
- Soil water and fuel permeability of a Cambisol in southern Brazil and its spatial behavior: A case study L. Gonçalves‐Maduro et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20035
- Real-time assessment of plant photosynthetic pigment contents with an artificial intelligence approach in a mobile application K. Prilianti et al. https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2020.1082
- Integrated use of chemical and geophysical monitoring to study the diesel oil biodegradation in microcosms with different operative conditions C. Raffa et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40201-021-00681-2
- A Novel Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) System for Water Content Estimation in Soils: Development and Application A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25041099
- Advancement of emerging technologies for non-destructive measurement of water and non-aqueous phase liquid saturation in porous media: A review K. Kumar & H. Ramli https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dwt.2025.101022
- Detection of hydrocarbon spills by means of a coaxial impedance dielectric sensor F. Francisca et al. https://doi.org/10.1680/jenge.22.00035
- Effects of Natural Zeolites on Nitrate and Ammonium Leaching in Sandy-Loam Soils A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology13060147
- A review of new TDR applications for measuring non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in soils A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100296
- Time domain reflectometry for dielectric characterization of olive mill wastewater contaminated soils A. Comegna et al. https://doi.org/10.4081/jae.2020.1092
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 15 Jun 2026
Short summary
We carried out a series of laboratory-controlled experiments in order to simulate different scenarios of practical interest aiming to analyze, from a dielectric point of view, the influence of different washing solutions on non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) removal. Furthermore, on the basis of the results obtained, we validated a dielectric mixing model for predicting the volumetric amounts of NAPL (θNAPL) within the contaminated soil as the decontamination process progressed.
We carried out a series of laboratory-controlled experiments in order to simulate different...
