Articles | Volume 22, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1917-2018
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1917-2018
Research article
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20 Mar 2018
Research article | Highlight paper |  | 20 Mar 2018

Active heat pulse sensing of 3-D-flow fields in streambeds

Eddie W. Banks, Margaret A. Shanafield, Saskia Noorduijn, James McCallum, Jörg Lewandowski, and Okke Batelaan

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ED: Publish as is (31 Jan 2018) by Thom Bogaard
AR by Eddie W. Banks on behalf of the Authors (31 Jan 2018)  Author's response   Manuscript 
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Short summary
This study used a portable 56-sensor, 3-D temperature array with three heat pulse sources to measure the flow direction and magnitude below the water–sediment interface. Breakthrough curves from each of the sensors were analyzed using a heat transport equation. The use of short-duration heat pulses provided a rapid, accurate assessment technique for determining dynamic and multi-directional flow patterns in the hyporheic zone and is a basis for improved understanding of biogeochemical processes.