Articles | Volume 30, issue 20
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-6315-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-6315-2026
Research article
 | 
15 Oct 2026
Research article |  | 15 Oct 2026

Changes in groundwater-surface water interactions following two centuries of irrigation practices and groundwater use in the Upper Ganges-Yamuna interfluve, North India

Frank J. G. van Broekhoven, Stefan C. Dekker, Jasper Griffioen, Anjali Bhagwat, and Paul P. Schot

Related authors

Forest favours conditions for convective precipitation in the Mediterranean Basin
Jolanda J. E. Theeuwen, Sarah N. Warnau, Imme B. Benedict, Stefan C. Dekker, Hubertus V. M. Hamelers, Chiel C. van Heerwaarden, and Arie Staal
Biogeosciences, 22, 6913–6936, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6913-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-6913-2025, 2025
Short summary
Global terrestrial moisture recycling in Shared Socioeconomic Pathways
Arie Staal, Pim Meijer, Maganizo Kruger Nyasulu, Obbe A. Tuinenburg, and Stefan C. Dekker
Earth Syst. Dynam., 16, 215–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-215-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-16-215-2025, 2025
Short summary
A 20-year satellite-reanalysis-based climatology of extreme precipitation characteristics over the Sinai Peninsula
Mohsen Soltani, Bert Hamelers, Abbas Mofidi, Christopher G. Fletcher, Arie Staal, Stefan C. Dekker, Patrick Laux, Joel Arnault, Harald Kunstmann, Ties van der Hoeven, and Maarten Lanters
Earth Syst. Dynam., 14, 931–953, https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-931-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-14-931-2023, 2023
Short summary
Local moisture recycling across the globe
Jolanda J. E. Theeuwen, Arie Staal, Obbe A. Tuinenburg, Bert V. M. Hamelers, and Stefan C. Dekker
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 1457–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1457-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-1457-2023, 2023
Short summary
Environmental drivers of spatio-temporal dynamics in floodplain vegetation: grasslands as habitat for megafauna in Bardia National Park (Nepal)
Jitse Bijlmakers, Jasper Griffioen, and Derek Karssenberg
Biogeosciences, 20, 1113–1144, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1113-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1113-2023, 2023
Short summary

Cited articles

Alam, F. and Umar, R.: Groundwater flow modelling of Hindon-Yamuna interfluve region, Western Uttar Pradesh, J. Geol. Soc. India, 82, 80–90, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-013-0113-8, 2013. 
Alam, M. F., Pavelic, P., Sharma, N., and Sikka, A.: Managed Aquifer Recharge of Monsoon Runoff Using Village Ponds: Performance Assessment of a Pilot Trial in the Ramganga Basin, India, Water, 12, 1028, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12041028, 2020. 
Bakker, M., Post, V., Langevin, C. D., Hughes, J. D., White, J. T., Starn, J. J., and Fienen, M. N.: Scripting MODFLOW Model Development Using Python and FloPy, Groundwater, 54, 733–739, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12413, 2016. 
Ballio, F. and Guadagnini, A.: Convergence assessment of numerical Monte Carlo simulations in groundwater hydrology, Water Resour. Res., 40, https://doi.org/10.1029/2003WR002876, 2004. 
Bekesi, G. and McConchie, J.: Groundwater recharge modelling using the Monte Carlo technique, Manawatu region, New Zealand, J. Hydrol., 224, 137–148, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(99)00128-6, 1999. 
Download
Short summary
Model simulations show how North India’s water system changed over the past two centuries. From 1830, irrigation canals increased recharge while groundwater flows to rivers and streams. After 1970, groundwater pumping surged, lowering groundwater tables and reducing flows to surface waters. Since 2000, some local rivers have likely switched to lose water to the groundwater. This may have implications for river ecosystems and groundwater quality, especially where rivers are polluted.
Share