Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 30, issue 16
Articles | Volume 30, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-5343-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-5343-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 30, issue 16
Research article
 | 
21 Aug 2026
Research article |  | 21 Aug 2026

Process diagnostics of snowmelt runoff in global hydrological and land surface models – Part 1: A systematic evaluation across basins of increasing complexity

Xiangyong Lei, Haomei Lin, Kaihao Zheng, and Peirong Lin

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Short summary
Snowmelt runoff is a critical freshwater resource. This study assesses how well 15 large-scale models and runoff products simulate its volume, peak, and timing across 1455 snow-dominated basins, with special attention to model performance in increasingly complex basin environments. Our results reveal common biases and identify model types with relative strengths, providing guidance for water-resource planning and sustainable water management under global warming.
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