Articles | Volume 30, issue 14
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-4667-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-4667-2026
Research article
 | 
27 Jul 2026
Research article |  | 27 Jul 2026

Hybrid models generalize better to warmer climate conditions than process-based and purely data-driven models

Jan P. Bohl, Raul R. Wood, Corinna Frank, Paul C. Astagneau, Jonas Peters, and Manuela I. Brunner

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Latest update: 18 Aug 2026
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Short summary
To assess climate impacts on streamflow, we need models that can predict streamflow under future conditions. This study compares three model types: data-driven (LSTM - long short-term memory), conceptual (HBV - Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning), and hybrid (LSTM-HBV). LSTMs perform best overall, but HBV and hybrid models generalize better to warmer climates. Hybrid models are a promising tool for climate impact assessments, combining LSTMs accuracy with better generalizability of traditional models. In snowy regions, all models struggle to generalize.
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