Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 30, issue 12
Articles | Volume 30, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-4001-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-4001-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 30, issue 12
Research article
 | 
29 Jun 2026
Research article |  | 29 Jun 2026

When does nitrate peak in rivers and why? Catchment traits and climate relate to synchrony with discharge

Lu Yang, Kieran Khamis, Julia L. A. Knapp, and Joshua R. Larsen

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Short summary
Human activities have greatly increased riverine nitrogen pollution, making it crucial to understand when river nitrate peaks align with high or low flows to improve in management. Across 66 English catchments, agricultural ones peaked during high flows (29%) with wetter winters enhancing hydrological connectivity, whereas urban ones peaked under extremely low-flow conditions (26%). Mixed catchments (45%) shifted towards low-flow peaks in wetter years and to high-flow peaks with rapid runoff.
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