Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 30, issue 9
Articles | Volume 30, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2797-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2797-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 30, issue 9
Research article
 | 
11 May 2026
Research article |  | 11 May 2026

Multivariate calibration can increase simulated discharge uncertainty and model equifinality

Sandra Pool, Keirnan Fowler, Hansini Gardiya Weligamage, and Murray Peel

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Short summary
Multivariate calibration has become a widely used method to improve model realism. We found that multivariate calibration can lead to less constrained flux maps and more uncertain hydrographs relative to univariate calibration. These symptoms could be caused by non-overlapping behavioural parameter distributions for the individual calibration variables. The results emphasize that the value of non-discharge data in calibration is contingent on the suitability of the model structure.
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