Articles | Volume 30, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2493-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2493-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
What can hydrological modelling gain from spatially explicit parameterization and multi-gauge calibration?
Xudong Zheng
State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
Hao Wang
State Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security, China Institute of Water Resources and Research, Beijing, 100038, China
Chuanhui Ma
State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area, School of Water Resources and Hydropower, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
Hui Liu
State Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Water Security, China Institute of Water Resources and Research, Beijing, 100038, China
Guanghui Ming
Key Laboratory of Water Management and Water Security for Yellow River Basin (Ministry of Water Resources), Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450003, China
Qiang Li
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Mohd Yawar Ali Khan
Department of Hydrogeology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Fiaz Hussain
Department of Land and Water Conservation Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
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Bingqian Guo, Mingjie Fang, Leilei Yang, Tao Guo, Chuang Ma, Xiangyun Hu, Zhaoxiang Guo, Zemeng Ma, Qiang Li, Zhaoli Wang, and Weiguo Liu
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 18, 429–441, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-429-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-18-429-2026, 2026
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Using satellite images and soil samples, we found that 39 065 km2 of farmland was retired across China’s Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2021, with nearly half converted to grasslands. Over two decades, these restored lands captured 21.77 million metric tons of carbon, Grasslands contributed over 80 % of this carbon storage, highlighting their critical role in climate mitigation.
Xudong Zheng, Dengfeng Liu, Shengzhi Huang, Hao Wang, and Xianmeng Meng
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 29, 627–653, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-627-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-627-2025, 2025
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Water budget non-closure is a widespread phenomenon among multisource datasets which undermines the robustness of hydrological inferences. This study proposes a Multisource Dataset Correction Framework grounded in Physical Hydrological Process Modelling to enhance water budget closure, termed PHPM-MDCF. We examined the efficiency and robustness of the framework using the CAMELS dataset and achieved an average reduction of 49 % in total water budget residuals across 475 CONUS basins.
Pengxiang Wang, Zuhao Zhou, Jiajia Liu, Chongyu Xu, Kang Wang, Yangli Liu, Jia Li, Yuqing Li, Yangwen Jia, and Hao Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 27, 2681–2701, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2681-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-2681-2023, 2023
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Considering the impact of the special geological and climatic conditions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau on the hydrological cycle, this study established the WEP-QTP hydrological model. The snow cover and gravel layers affected the temporal and spatial changes in frozen soil and improved the regulation of groundwater on the flow process. Ignoring he influence of special underlying surface conditions has a great impact on the hydrological forecast and water resource utilization in this area.
Pengxiang Wang, Zuhao Zhou, Jiajia Liu, Chongyu Xu, Kang Wang, Yangli Liu, Jia Li, Yuqing Li, Yangwen Jia, and Hao Wang
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-538, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-538, 2021
Manuscript not accepted for further review
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Combining the geological characteristics of the thin soil layer on the thick gravel layer and the climate characteristics of the long-term snow cover of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the WEP-QTP hydrological model was constructed by dividing a single soil structure into soil and gravel. In contrast to the general cold area, the special environment of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau affects the hydrothermal transport process, which can not be ignored in hydrological forecast and water resource assessment.
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Short summary
This study presents an experimental framework (EF-SPM) to disentangle and evaluate the benefits of spatially explicit parameterization and multi-gauge calibration in distributed hydrological modelling. Experiments in a nested catchment show that both strategies consistently improve streamflow simulations across sub-basins, jointly alleviating multi-objective competition and the trade-off between spatial complexity and parameter identifiability.
This study presents an experimental framework (EF-SPM) to disentangle and evaluate the benefits...