Articles | Volume 30, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2079-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2079-2026
Research article
 | 
15 Apr 2026
Research article |  | 15 Apr 2026

A GNN routing module is all you need for LSTM Rainfall–Runoff models

Hamidreza Mosaffa, Florian Pappenberger, Christel Prudhomme, Matthew Chantry, Christoph Rüdiger, and Hannah Cloke

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Latest update: 11 Nov 2026
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Short summary
This study improves river flow prediction by combining two types of artificial intelligence models. One model estimates how rainfall becomes runoff in each part of a river basin, while another represents how water moves through the river network. By linking these processes, the approach better captures how water travels across large basins. The results show more accurate streamflow predictions, which can support water management and flood forecasting.
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