Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 30, issue 7
Articles | Volume 30, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2013-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2013-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 30, issue 7
Research article
 | 
14 Apr 2026
Research article |  | 14 Apr 2026

Integrated catchment classification across China based on hydroclimatological and geomorphological similarities using self-organizing map and fuzzy c-means clustering for hydrological modeling

Jiefan Niu, Ke Zhang, Xi Li, and Hongjun Bao

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Short summary
This study developed a new method for classifying catchments, combining machine learning techniques with climate and landscape data. By analyzing catchments across China, we identified six climate regions and 35 unique catchment types, each with distinct streamflow patterns. This classification method improves hydrological predictions, especially in areas lacking direct data.
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