Integrated catchment classification across China based on hydroclimatological and geomorphological similarities using self-organizing map and fuzzy <i>c</i>-means clustering for hydrological modeling

Niu, Jiefan; Zhang, Ke; Li, Xi; Bao, Hongjun

doi:10.5194/hess-30-2013-2026

Articles | Volume 30, issue 7

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2013-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-2013-2026

© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 30, issue 7

Research article

|

14 Apr 2026

Research article |

| 14 Apr 2026

Integrated catchment classification across China based on hydroclimatological and geomorphological similarities using self-organizing map and fuzzy c-means clustering for hydrological modeling

Jiefan Niu, Ke Zhang, Xi Li, and Hongjun Bao

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Total article views: 3,073 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)

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Views and downloads (calculated since 28 Nov 2024)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Nov 2024	50	15	2	67
Dec 2024	40	8	3	51
Jan 2025	16	7	0	23
Feb 2025	37	14	4	55
Mar 2025	27	4	2	33
Apr 2025	22	7	4	33
May 2025	40	12	4	56
Jun 2025	29	6	7	42
Jul 2025	23	4	0	27
Aug 2025	72	7	0	79
Sep 2025	275	10	1	286
Oct 2025	55	15	7	77
Nov 2025	34	21	1	56
Dec 2025	34	28	2	64
Jan 2026	25	20	8	53
Feb 2026	45	22	4	71
Mar 2026	48	42	4	94
Apr 2026	285	103	18	406
May 2026	219	82	13	314
Jun 2026	35	19	3	57
Jul 2026	71	33	4	108
Aug 2026	94	41	10	145
Sep 2026	249	83	42	374
Oct 2026	218	116	27	361
Nov 2026	95	34	12	141

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 28 Nov 2024)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Nov 2024	50	15	2	67
Dec 2024	40	8	3	51
Jan 2025	16	7	0	23
Feb 2025	37	14	4	55
Mar 2025	27	4	2	33
Apr 2025	22	7	4	33
May 2025	40	12	4	56
Jun 2025	29	6	7	42
Jul 2025	23	4	0	27
Aug 2025	72	7	0	79
Sep 2025	275	10	1	286
Oct 2025	55	15	7	77
Nov 2025	34	21	1	56
Dec 2025	34	28	2	64
Jan 2026	25	20	8	53
Feb 2026	45	22	4	71
Mar 2026	48	42	4	94
Apr 2026	285	103	18	406
May 2026	219	82	13	314
Jun 2026	35	19	3	57
Jul 2026	71	33	4	108
Aug 2026	94	41	10	145
Sep 2026	249	83	42	374
Oct 2026	218	116	27	361
Nov 2026	95	34	12	141

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Total article views: 3,073 (including HTML, PDF, and XML) Thereof 2,958 with geography defined and 115 with unknown origin.

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Short summary

This study developed a new method for classifying catchments, combining machine learning techniques with climate and landscape data. By analyzing catchments across China, we identified six climate regions and 35 unique catchment types, each with distinct streamflow patterns. This classification method improves hydrological predictions, especially in areas lacking direct data.