Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 30, issue 6
Articles | Volume 30, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-1585-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-1585-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 30, issue 6
Research article
 | 
27 Mar 2026
Research article |  | 27 Mar 2026

Revealing the influence of topography and vegetation on hydrological processes using a stepwise modelling approach in cold alpine basins of the Mongolian Plateau

Leilei Yong, Yahui Wang, Batsuren Dorjsuren, Zheng Duan, and Hongkai Gao

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Short summary
Topography and vegetation critically influence hydrology but are often underrepresented in models. Using a stepwise flexible modelling framework, we assessed their roles in two river basins on the Mongolian Plateau. Distributed (FLEXD) and landscape-based (FLEXT) models outperformed lumped models. High elevations showed delayed melt that sustained streamflow, whereas low elevations responded rapidly to rainfall. The study confirms topography and vegetation as key hydrological controls.
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