Boehrer, B., Herzsprung, P., Schultze, M., and Millero, F. J.: Calculating density of water in geochemical lake stratification models, Limnol. Oceanogr.-Meth., 8, 567–574,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2010.8.0567, 2010.
a
Boehrer, B., Golmen, L., Løvik, J. E., Rahn, K., and Klaveness, D.: Thermobaric stratification in very deep Norwegian freshwater lakes, J. Great Lakes Res., 39, 690–695,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2013.08.003, 2013.
a,
b
Carmack, E. and Vagle, S.: Thermobaric Processes Both Drive and Constrain Seasonal Ventilation in Deep Great Slave Lake, Canada, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 126, e2021JF006288,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006288, 2021.
a
Carmack, E., Vagle, S., and Kheyrollah Pour, H.: Seasonal Temperature and Circulation Patterns in a Hybrid Polar Lake, Great Bear Lake, Canada, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 129, e2024JF007650,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF007650, 2024.
a
Carmack, E. C. and Weiss, R. F.: Convection in Lake Baikal: An Example of Thermobaric Instability, in: Elsevier Oceanography Series, edited by: Chu, P. C. and Gascard, J. C., vol. 57 of Deep Convection and Deep Water Formation in the Oceans, Elsevier, 215–228,
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0422-9894(08)70069-2, 1991.
a,
b
Delpla, I., Jung, A. V., Baures, E., Clement, M., and Thomas, O.: Impacts of climate change on surface water quality in relation to drinking water production, Environ. Int., 35, 1225–1233,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2009.07.001, 2009.
a
Grace, A. P., Fogal, A., and Stastna, M.: Restratification in Late Winter Lakes Induced by Cabbeling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 50, e2023GL103402,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL103402, 2023a.
a,
b
Grace, A. P., Stastna, M., Lamb, K. G., and Scott, K. A.: Gravity currents in the cabbeling regime, Physical Review Fluids, 8, 014502,
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.014502, 2023b.
a,
b
IOC, SCOR, and IAPSO: The international thermodynamic equation of seawater–2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, Manuals and Guides No. 56, UNESCO (English), 196 pp.,
http://www.teos-10.org/pubs/TEOS-10_Manual.pdf (last access: 27 November 2025), 2010.
a,
b
Ivey, G. N. and Hamblin, P. F.: Convection Near the Temperature of Maximum Density for High Rayleigh Number, Low Aspect Ratio, Rectangular Cavities, J. Heat Transf., 111, 100–105,
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3250628, 1989.
a
Killworth, P. D., Carmack, E. C., Weiss, R. F., and Matear, R.: Modeling deep-water renewal in Lake Baikal, Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 1521–1538,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1996.41.7.1521, 1996.
a,
b,
c
McDougall, T. J.: Thermobaricity, cabbeling, and water-mass conversion, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 92, 5448–5464,
https://doi.org/10.1029/JC092iC05p05448, 1987.
a,
b,
c
McDougall, T. J. and Barker, P. M.: Getting started with TEOS-10 and the Gibbs Seawater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox, SCOR/IAPSO WG127, 28 pp., ISBN 978-0-646-55621-5, 2011. a
Mi, C., Hamilton, D. P., Frassl, M. A., Shatwell, T., Kong, X., Boehrer, B., Li, Y., Donner, J., and Rinke, K.: Controlling blooms of Planktothrix rubescens by optimized metalimnetic water withdrawal: a modelling study on adaptive reservoir operation, Environmental Sciences Europe, 34, 102,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-022-00683-3, 2022.
a
Millard, R. C., Owens, W. B., and Fofonoff, N. P.: On the calculation of the Brunt-Väisäla frequency, Deep-Sea Res., 37, 167–181,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(90)90035-T, 1990.
a
Moreira, S., Schultze, M., Rahn, K., and Boehrer, B.: A practical approach to lake water density from electrical conductivity and temperature, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2975–2986,
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2975-2016, 2016.
a,
b
Peeters, F., Piepke, G., Kipfer, R., Hohmann, R., and Imboden, D. M.: Description of stability and neutrally buoyant transport in freshwater lakes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 41, 1711–1724,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1996.41.8.1711, 1996.
a,
b
Piccolroaz, S. and Toffolon, M.: Deep water renewal in Lake Baikal: A model for long-term analyses, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 6717–6733,
https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009029, 2013.
a,
b,
c,
d,
e,
f,
g,
h,
i,
j
Regev, S., Carmel, Y., and Gal, G.: Assessing alternative lake management actions for climate change adaptation, Ambio, 54, 416–427,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-024-02039-y, 2025.
a
Saber, A., James, D. E., and Hayes, D. F.: Effects of seasonal fluctuations of surface heat flux and wind stress on mixing and vertical diffusivity of water column in deep lakes, Adv. Water Resour., 119, 150–163,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2018.07.006, 2018.
a
Shimaraev, M., Granin, N., and Zhdanov, A.: Deep ventilation of Lake Baikal waters due to spring thermal bars, Limnol. Oceanogr., 38, 1068–1072,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1993.38.5.1068, 1993.
a
Sun, X., Armstrong, M., Moradi, A., Bhattacharya, R., Antão-Geraldes, A. M., Munthali, E., Grossart, H.-P., Matsuzaki, S.-i. S., Kangur, K., Dunalska, J. A., Stockwell, J. D., and Borre, L.: Impacts of climate-induced drought on lake and reservoir biodiversity and ecosystem services: A review, Ambio, 54, 488–504,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-024-02092-7, 2025.
a
Tanaka, M., Girard, G., Davis, R., Peuto, A., and Bignell, N.: Recommended table for the density of water between 0 °C and 40 °C based on recent experimental reports, Metrologia, 38, 301,
https://doi.org/10.1088/0026-1394/38/4/3, 2001.
a,
b
Walker, S. J. and Watts, R. G.: A three‐dimensional numerical model of deep ventilation in temperate lakes, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 100, 22711–22731,
https://doi.org/10.1029/95JC02444, 1995.
a
Weber, M., Boehrer, B., and Rinke, K.: Minimizing environmental impact whilst securing drinking water quantity and quality demands from a reservoir, River Res. Appl., 35, 365–374,
https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3406, 2019.
a
Weiss, R. F., Carmack, E. C., and Koropalov, V. M.: Deep-water renewal and biological production in Lake Baikal, Nature, 349, 665–669,
https://doi.org/10.1038/349665a0, 1991.
a,
b
Weyhenmeyer, G. A., Chukwuka, A. V., Anneville, O., Brookes, J., Carvalho, C. R., Cotner, J. B., Grossart, H.-P., Hamilton, D. P., Hanson, P. C., Hejzlar, J., Hilt, S., Hipsey, M. R., Ibelings, B. W., Jacquet, S., Kangur, K., Kragh, T., Lehner, B., Lepori, F., Lukubye, B., Marce, R., McElarney, Y., Paule-Mercado, M. C., North, R., Rojas-Jimenez, K., Rusak, J. A., Sharma, S., Scordo, F., de Senerpont Domis, L. N., Sø, J. S., Wood, S. S. A., Xenopoulos, M. A., and Zhou, Y.: Global Lake Health in the Anthropocene: Societal Implications and Treatment Strategies, Earth's Future, 12, e2023EF004387,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF004387, 2024.
a
Winton, R. S., Calamita, E., and Wehrli, B.: Reviews and syntheses: Dams, water quality and tropical reservoir stratification, Biogeosciences, 16, 1657–1671,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1657-2019, 2019.
a
Wood, T., Wherry, S., Piccolroaz, S., and Girdner, S.: Future climate-induced changes in mixing and deep oxygen content of a caldera lake with hydrothermal heat and salt inputs, J. Great Lakes Res., 49, 563–580,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2023.03.014, 2023.
a,
b,
c
