Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 29, issue 22
Articles | Volume 29, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6735-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6735-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 29, issue 22
Technical note
 | 
26 Nov 2025
Technical note |  | 26 Nov 2025

Technical note: An illustrative introduction to the domain dependence of spatial principal component patterns

Christian Lehr and Tobias L. Hohenbrink

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Short summary
In hydrology, domain dependence (DD) of spatial Principal Component patterns is a rather unknown feature of the widely applied Principal Component Analysis. It easily leads to wrong hydrological interpretations. DD reference patterns enable to differentiate from the effect. Here, we (1) explore the DD effect, (2) present two methods to calculate DD reference patterns and (3) discuss considering DD. Scripts with an introduction to the DD effect and an implementation of both methods are provided.
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