Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 29, issue 22
Articles | Volume 29, issue 22
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6529-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6529-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 29, issue 22
Research article
 | 
19 Nov 2025
Research article |  | 19 Nov 2025

Quantifying controls on rapid and delayed runoff response in double-peak hydrographs using ensemble rainfall-runoff analysis (ERRA)

Huibin Gao, Laurent Pfister, and James W. Kirchner

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Short summary
Some streams respond to rainfall with flow that peaks twice: a sharp first peak followed by a broad second peak. We analyzed data from a catchment in Luxembourg to better understand the processes behind this phenomenon. Our results show that the first peak is mostly driven directly by rainfall, and the second peak is mostly driven by rain that infiltrates to groundwater. We also show that the relative importance of these two processes depends on how wet the landscape is before the rain falls.
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