An Atlantic influence on evapotranspiration in the Orinoco and Amazon basins

Duque-Gardeazabal, Nicolás; Friedman, Andrew R.; Brönnimann, Stefan

doi:https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3277-2025

Articles | Volume 29, issue 14

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3277-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3277-2025

© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

Articles | Volume 29, issue 14

Research article

|

28 Jul 2025

Research article |

| 28 Jul 2025

An Atlantic influence on evapotranspiration in the Orinoco and Amazon basins

Nicolás Duque-Gardeazabal, Andrew R. Friedman, and Stefan Brönnimann

Supplement

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-3277-2025-supplement

Data sets

An Ensemble Data Set of Sea Surface Temperature Change From 1850: The Met Office Hadley Centre HadSST.4.0.0.0 Data Set (https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/hadobs/hadsst4/data/download.html) J. J. Kennedy et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD029867

MSWEP V2 Global 3-Hourly 0.1° Precipitation: Methodology and Quantitative Assessment (http://www.gloh2o.org/mswep/) H. E. Beck et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0138.1

Evolution of the ESA CCI Soil Moisture climate data records and their underlying merging methodology (https://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/uuid/ff890589c21f4033803aa550f52c980c) A. Gruber et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-717-2019

GLEAM v3: satellite-based land evaporation and root-zone soil moisture (https://www.gleam.eu/) B. Martens et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-1903-2017

CLARA-A3: CM SAF cLoud, Albedo and surface RAdiation dataset from AVHRR data - Edition 3 K.-G. Karlsson et al. https://doi.org/10.5676/EUM_SAF_CM/CLARA_AVHRR/V003

Global river hydrography and network routing: baseline data and new approaches to study the world's large river systems (https://www.hydrosheds.org/products/hydrobasins) B. Lehner and G. Grill https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9740

Atmospheric carbon dioxide at Mauna Loa Observatory: 2. Analysis of the NOAA GMCC data, 1974-1985 (https://gml.noaa.gov/ccgg/trends/data.html) K. W. Thoning et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/JD094iD06p08549

ERA5 monthly averaged data on pressure levels from 1940 to present H. Hersbach et al. https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.6860a573

ERA5-Land monthly averaged data from 1950 to present J. Muñoz Sabater https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.68d2bb30

Model code and software

Extended reconstructed Sea surface temperature, Version 5 (ERSSTv5): Upgrades, validations, and intercomparisons (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/cmb/ersst/v5/netcdf/) B. Huang et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0836.1

A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing R Core Team https://www.R-project.org/

Codes for An Atlantic influence on evapotranspiration in the Orinoco and Amazon basins N. Duque-Gardeazabal https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15389246

Short summary

Understanding hydrological variability is essential for ecological conservation and sustainable development. Evapotranspiration influences the carbon cycle, and finding what causes its variability is important for ecosystems. This study shows that ENSO (El Niño–Southern Oscillation) influences not only South America’s rainfall, soil moisture, radiation, and evaporation but also other phenomena in the Atlantic Ocean. The impacts change regionally depending on the season analysed and have implications for heat extremes.