Brown, D. R., Arp, C. D., Brinkman, T. J., Cellarius, B. A., Engram, M., Miller, M. E., and Spellman, K. V.: Long-term change and geospatial patterns of river ice cover and navigability in southcentral Alaska detected with remote sensing, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 55, 2241279, https://doi.org/10.1080/15230430.2023.2241279, 2023.
Brunetti, M., Lentini, G., Maugeri, M., Nanni, T., Auer, I., Bohm, R., and Schoner, W.: Climate variability and change in the Greater Alpine Region over the last two centuries based on multi-variable analysis, Int. J. Climatol., 29, 2197–2225, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1857, 2009.
Burn, D. H. and Elnur, M. A. H.: Detection of hydrologic trends and variability, J. Hydrol., 255, 107–122, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00514-5, 2002.
Burrell, B. C., Turcotte, B., Comfort, G., and Groeneveld, J.: Infrastructure and river ice: an overview, in: Proceedings of 21st Workshop on the Hydraulics of Ice Covered Rivers, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, 29 August–1 September 2021, Committee on River Ice Processes and the Environment, 2021.
Cai, H., Piccolroaz, S., Huang, J., Liu, Z., Liu, F., and Toffolon, M.: Quantifying the impact of the Three Gorges Dam on the thermal dynamics of the Yangtze River, Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 054016, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aab9e0, 2018.
Chang, J., Wang, X., Li, Y., and Wang, Y.: Ice regime variation impacted by reservoir operation in the Ning-Meng reach of the Yellow River, Nat. Hazards, 80, 1015–1030, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-015-2010-5, 2016.
Cooley, S. W. and Pavelsky, T. M.: Spatial and temporal patterns in Arctic river ice breakup revealed by automated ice detection from MODIS imagery, Remote Sens. Environ., 175, 310–322, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2016.01.004, 2016.
Cyberska, B.: Zmiany w temperaturze i zlodzeniu rzek poniżej zbiorników retencyjnych, Gospodarka Wodna, 7, 244–250, 1972 (in Polish).
Dynowska, I.: Typy reżimów rzecznych w Polsce, Zeszyty Nauk, UJ, Prace Geogr., 28, 1–155, 1971 (in Polish).
Fukś, M.: Changes in river ice cover in the context of climate change and dam impacts: a review, Aquat. Sci., 85, 113, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-023-01011-4, 2023.
Fukś, M.: Assessment of the impact of dam reservoirs on river ice cover – an example from the Carpathians (central Europe), The Cryosphere, 18, 2509–2529, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-2509-2024, 2024.
Fukś, M. and Wiejaczka, Ł.: Climatic determinants of changes in the ice regime of Carpathian rivers, Quaestiones Geographicae, 44, 131–143, https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2025-0009, 2025.
Fukś, M., Kędra, M., and Wiejaczka, Ł.: Assessing the impact of climate change and reservoir operation on the thermal and ice regime of mountain rivers using the XGBoost model and wavelet analysis, Stoch. Env. Res. Risk A., 38, 4275–4294, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-024-02803-2, 2024.
Gądek, B. and Leszkiewicz, J.: Impact of climate warming on the ground surface temperature in the sporadic permafrost zone of the Tatra Mountains, Poland and Slovakia, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 79, 75–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.03.006, 2012.
Gołek, J.: Zjawiska lodowe na rzekach polskich, Prace Państwowego Instytutu Hydrologiczno-Meteorologicznego, Warszawa, 48, 1–59, 1957 (in Polish).
Gosset, W. S.: The probable error of a mean, Biometrika, 6, 1–25, 1908.
Gurung, A. B., Bokwa, A., Chełmicki, W., Elbakidze, M., Hirschmugl, M., Hostert, P., Ibisch P., Kozak J., Kuemmerle T., Matei E., Ostapowicz K., Pociask-Karteczka J., Schmidt L., van der Linden S., and Zebisch, M.: Global change research in the Carpathian mountain region, Mt. Res. Dev., 29, 282–288, https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd.1105, 2009.
Hamed, K. H. and Rao, A. R.: A modified Mann-Kendall trend test for autocorrelated data, J. Hydrol., 204, 182–196, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00125-X, 1998.
Harris, I., Osborn, T. J., Jones, P., and Lister D.: Version 4 of the CRU TS monthly high-resolution gridded multivariate climate dataset, Sci. Data., 7, 109, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-0453-3, 2020.
Huokuna, M., Morris, M., Beltaos, S., and Burrell, B. C.: Ice in reservoirs and regulated rivers, Int. J. River Basin Manag., 20, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1080/15715124.2020.1719120, 2022.
IMWM-NRI: Measurement and observation data – archival data [data set], Institute Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute, Poland,
https://danepubliczne.imgw.pl/ (last access: 15 August 2024), 2024.
Ionita, M., Badaluta C. A., Scholz, P., and Chelcea S.: Vanishing river ice cover in the lower part of the Danube basin-signs of a changing climate, Sci. Rep.-UK, 8, 7948, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26357-w, 2018.
Jasek, M. and Pryse-Phillips, A.: Influence of the proposed Site C hydroelectric project on the ice regime of the Peace River, Can. J. Civil Eng., 42, 645–655, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0425, 2015.
Kędra, M.: Regional response to global warming: Water temperature trends in semi-natural mountain river systems, Water, 12, 283, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010283, 2020.
Kędra, M.: Dam-induced changes in river flow dynamics revealed by RQA, Eur. Phys. J.-Spec. Top., 232, 209–215, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjs/s11734-022-00689-1, 2023.
Kędra, M. and Wiejaczka, Ł.: Disturbance of water-air temperature synchronisation by dam reservoirs, Water Environ. J., 30, 31–39, https://doi.org/10.1111/wej.12156, 2016.
Kędra, M. and Wiejaczka, Ł.: Climatic and dam-induced impacts on river water temperature: Assessment and management implications, Sci. Total Environ., 626, 1474–1483, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.044, 2018.
Kędra, M., Wiejaczka, Ł., and Wesoły, K.: The role of reservoirs in shaping the dominant cyclicity and energy of mountain river flows, River Res. Appl., 32, 561–571, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.2880, 2016.
Kendall, M. G.: Rank correlation methods, 4th Edition, Griffin, London, ISBN: 0852641990, 1975.
Kochanek, K., Rutkowska, A., Baran-Gurgul, K., Kuptel-Markiewicz, I., Mirosław-Świątek, D., and Grygoruk, M.: Analysis of changes in the occurrence of ice phenomena in upland and mountain rivers of Poland, PLOS ONE, 19, e0307842, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307842, 2024.
Kundzewicz, Z. W.: Large-scale climate change (observations, interpretation, projections), in: Climate change impacts on different sectors of Poland, edited by: Kundzewicz, Z. W., Hov, Ø., and Okruszko, T., Ridero IT Publishing, Poznań, ISBN 978-83-8104-735-7, 2017.
Lesack, L. F., Marsh, P., Hicks, F. E., and Forbes, D. L.: Local spring warming drives earlier river-ice breakup in a large Arctic delta, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1560–1567, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058761, 2014.
Maheu, A., St-Hilaire, A., Caissie, D., and El-Jab, N.: Understanding the thermal regime of rivers infuenced by small and medium size dams in Eastern Canada, River Res. Appl., 32, 2032–2044, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3046, 2016.
Mann H. B.: Nonparametric tests against trend, Econometrica, 13, 245–259, 1945.
Mann, H. B. and Whitney, D. R.: On a test of whether one of two random variables is stochastically larger than the other, Ann. Math. Stat., 18, 50–60, 1947.
Marszelewski, W. and Pawłowski, B.: Long-term changes in the course of ice phenomena on the oder river along the Polish–German border, Water Resour. Manag., 33, 5107–5120, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-019-02417-2, 2019.
Mudelsee, M.: Trend analysis of climate time series: A review of methods, Earth-Sci. Rev., 190, 310–322, 2019.
NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM): Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Global, Distributed by OpenTopography, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) [data set], https://doi.org/10.5069/G9445JDF, 2013.
Newton, A. M. W. and Mullan, D. J.: Climate change and Northern Hemisphere lake and river ice phenology from 1931–2005, The Cryosphere, 15, 2211–2234, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-2211-2021, 2021.
Obrębska-Starklowa, B., Hess, M., Olecki, Z., Trepińska, J., and Kowanetz, L.: Klimat, in: Karpaty Polskie, edited by: Warszyńka, J., Jagiellonian University, Warszawa, ISBN: 83-233-0852-7, 1995 (in Polish).
Pawłowski, B.: Determinants of change in the duration of ice phenomena on the Vistula River in Toruń, J. Hydrol. Hydromech., 63, 145–153, https://doi.org/10.1515/johh-2015-0017, 2015.
Pettitt, A. N.: A non-parametric approach to the change point problem, J. R. Stat. Soc. C-Appl., 28, 126–135, 1979.
Prowse, T. D.: River-ice ecology. I: Hydrologic, geomorphic, and water-quality aspects, J. Cold Reg. Eng., 15, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(2001)15:1(1), 2001a.
Prowse, T. D.: River-ice ecology. II: Biological aspects, J. Cold Reg. Eng., 15, 17–33, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-381X(2001)15:1(17), 2001b.
Prowse, T. D., Bonsal, B. R., Duguay, C. R., and Lacroix, M. P.: River-ice break-up/freeze-up: a review of climatic drivers, historical trends and future predictions, Ann. Glaciol., 46, 443–451, https://doi.org/10.3189/172756407782871431, 2007.
Punzet, J.: Hydrologia rzek karpackich i jej związki z gospodarką wodną terenów górskich, Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych, 162, 255–263, 1975 (in Polish).
Ranzi, R., Michailidi, E. M., Tomirotti, M., Crespi, A., Brunetti, M., and Maugeri, M.: A multi-century meteo-hydrological analysis for the Adda river basin (Central Alps). Part II: Daily runoff (1845–2016) at different scales, Int. J. Climatol., 41(1), 181–199. 2021.
Ranzi, R., Colosio, P., and Galeati, G.: Climatology of snow depth and water equivalent measurements in the Italian Alps (1967–2020), Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 28, 2555–2578, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2555-2024, 2024.
Rokaya, P., Budhathoki, S., and Lindenschmidt, K. E.: Trends in the timing and magnitude of ice-jam floods in Canada, Sci. Rep., 8, 5834, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24057-z, 2018.
Sen, P. K.: Estimates of the regression coefcient based on Kendall's tau, J. Am. Stat. Assoc., 63,1379–1389, 1968.
Sharma, S., Magnuson, J. J., Batt. R. D., Winslow, L. A., Korhonen, J., and Aono, Y.: Direct observations of ice seasonality reveal changes in climate over the past 320–570 years, Sci. Rep.-UK, 6, 25061, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep25061, 2016.
Soja, R.: Hydrological aspects of anthropopression in the Polish Carpathians, Prace Geograficzne, 186, Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN, ISBN 83-87954-26-8, Warszawa, 2002 (in Polish).
Starkel, L.: Charakterystyka rzeźby polskich Karpat i jej znaczenie dla gospodarki ludzkiej, Problemy zagospodarowania ziem górskich, 10, 75–150, 1972 (in Polish).
Starosolszky Ö.: Efect of river barrages on ice regime, J. Hydraul. Res., 28, 711–718, https://doi.org/10.1080/00221689009499021, 1990.
Szczerbińska A.: Zmienność zjawisk lodowych w dorzeczu górnej Wisły, PhD thesis, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland, 2023 (in Polish).
Takács, K. and Kern. Z.: Multidecadal changes in the river ice regime of the lower course of the River Drava since AD 1875, J. Hydrol., 529, 1890–1900, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.01.040, 2015.
Takács, K., Kern, Z., Nagy, B.: Impacts of anthropogenic efects on river ice regime: examples from Eastern Central Europe, Quatern. Int., 293, 275–282, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2012.12.010, 2013.
Takács, K., Kern, Z., and Pásztor, L.: Long-term ice phenology records from eastern–central Europe, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 391–404, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-391-2018, 2018.
Theil, H.: A rank-invariant method of linear and polynomial regression analysis, Indagat. Math., 12, 386–392, 1950.
Thellman, A., Jankowski, K. J., Hayden, B., Yang, X., Dolan, W., Smits, A. P., and O'Sullivan, A. M.: The ecology of river ice, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 126, e2021JG006275, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006275, 2021.
Tuo, Y., Deng, Y., Li, J., Li, N., Li, K., Wei, L., and Zhao, Z.: Effects of dam reconstruction on thermal-ice regime of Fengman Reservoir, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 146, 223–235, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2017.08.014, 2018.
Vuglinsky, V. and Valatin, D.: Changes in ice cover duration and maximum ice thickness for rivers and lakes in the Asian part of Russia, Nat. Resour., 9, 73, , https://doi.org/10.4236/nr.2018.93006, 2018.
Warszyńska, J. (Ed.): Karpaty Polskie: przyroda, człowiek i jego działalność, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków, ISBN: 83-233-0852-7, 1995 (in Polish).
Weeks, W. F. and Dingman, S. L.: Thermal Modifications of River Ice Covers: Progress and Problems, in: The role of snow and ice in hydrology, 1427–1433, Beauregard Press Limited, Canada, 1972.
Werners, S. E., Bos, E. J., Civic, K., Hlásny, T., Hulea, O., Jones-Walters, L. M., Kopataki, E., Kovbasko, A., Moors, E. J., Nieuwenhuis, D., Velde, I.,. Zingstra, H. L., and Zsuffa, I. J.: Climate change vulnerability and ecosystem-based adaptation measures in the Carpathian region: final report-Integrated assessment of vulnerability of environmental resources and ecosystem-based adaptation measures (No. 2572), Alterra, 1566–7197, 2015.
Werners, S. E., Szalai, S., Zingstra, H., Kőpataki, É., Beckmann, A., Bos, E., Civic, K., Hlásny, T., Hulea, O., Jurek, M., Koch, H., Kondor, C. A., Kovbasko, A., Lakatos, M., Lambert, S., Peters, R., Trombik, J., van de Velde, I., and Zsuffa, I.: Climate Change Adaptation in the Carpathian Mountain Region, in: Climate Change Adaptation Strategies – An Upstream-downstream Perspective, edited by: Salzmann, N., Huggel, C., Nussbaumer, S., and Ziervogel, G., Springer, 79–99 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40773-9_5, 2016.
Wiejaczka, Ł.: The influence of the Klimkówka water reservoir on the abiotic elements of the natural environment in the Ropa river valley, Prace Geograficzne, 229, Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania PAN, Warszawa, ISBN 978-83-61590-19-4, 2011 (in Polish).
Witkowski, K.: Man's impact on the transformation of channel patterns (the Skawa River, southern Poland), River Res. Appl., 37, 150–162, 2021a.
Witkowski, K.: The Galician Canal – An unrealized project that changed the rivers in the northern part of the Carpathians, River Res. Appl., 37, 1343–1356, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.3846, 2021b.
Wypych, A. and Ustrnul, Z.: Precipitation and hydrological extremes during the warm season in response to climate change: the example from the Polish Carpathians, Reg. Environ. Change, 24, 90, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02252-1, 2024.
Wypych, A., Ustrnul, Z., and Schmatz, D. R.: Long-term variability of air temperature and precipitation conditions in the Polish Carpathians, J. Mt. Sci., 15, 237–253, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-017-4374-3, 2018.
Yang, R., Wu, S., Wu, X., Ptak, M., Li, X., Sojka, M., Graf, R., Dai, J., and Zhu, S.: Quantifying the impacts of climate variation, damming, and flow regulation on river thermal dynamics: a case study of the Włocławek Reservoir in the Vistula River, Poland, Environ. Sci. Eur., 34, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00583-y, 2022.
Yang, X., Pavelsky, T. M., and Allen, G. H.: The past and future of global river ice, Nature, 577, 69–73, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1848-1, 2020.
Ziemońska, Z.: Hydrographic conditions in the Polish West Carpathians, Prace Geograficzne, 103, Instytut Geografii PAN, Warszawa, 1973 (in Polish).