Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 29, issue 12
Articles | Volume 29, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2697-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2697-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 29, issue 12
Technical note
 | 
30 Jun 2025
Technical note |  | 30 Jun 2025

Technical note: Finite element formulations to map discrete fracture elements in three-dimensional groundwater models

Rob de Rooij

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Short summary
Coordinate transformations are often used in the finite element method. Here, three existing approaches are discussed that can be applied to the same mapping problem. From a mathematical viewpoint, the approaches are quite different. It is shown that all three approaches provide the same result. Interestingly, the more mathematically challenging approaches provide an expression that is the most practical to implement in a finite element code.
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