Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 29, issue 11
Articles | Volume 29, issue 11
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2485-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2485-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 29, issue 11
Research article
 | 
16 Jun 2025
Research article |  | 16 Jun 2025

Numerical analysis of the effect of heterogeneity on CO2 dissolution enhanced by gravity-driven convection

Yufei Wang, Daniel Fernàndez-Garcia, and Maarten W. Saaltink

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Short summary
During geological carbon sequestration, the injected supercritical CO2, being less dense, floats above the brine. The dissolution of CO2 into brine helps mitigate the risk of CO2 leakage. As CO2 dissolves into the brine, it increases the density of brine in the upper layer, initiating gravity-driven convection (GDC), which significantly enhances the rate of CO2 dissolution. We derived two empirical formulas to predict the asymptotic dissolution rate driven by GDC in heterogeneous fields.
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