Articles | Volume 29, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2059-2025
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-2059-2025
Research article
 | 
24 Apr 2025
Research article |  | 24 Apr 2025

A local thermal non-equilibrium model for rain-on-snow events

Thomas Heinze

Related subject area

Subject: Snow and Ice | Techniques and Approaches: Theory development
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Cited articles

Adolph, A. and Albert, M. R.: An Improved Technique to Measure Firn Diffusivity, Int. J. Heat Mass Trans., 61, 598–604, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.02.029, 2013. a
Adolph, A. C. and Albert, M. R.: Gas diffusivity and permeability through the firn column at Summit, Greenland: measurements and comparison to microstructural properties, The Cryosphere, 8, 319–328, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-8-319-2014, 2014. a
Akan, A. O.: Simulation of Runoff From Snow-Covered Hillslopes, Water Resour. Res., 20, 707–713, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR020i006p00707, 1984. a
Albert, M. R. and Shultz, E. F.: Snow and Firn Properties and Air–Snow Transport Processes at Summit, Greenland, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2789–2797, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00119-X, 2002. a
Baggi, S. and Schweizer, J.: Characteristics of Wet-Snow Avalanche Activity: 20 Years of Observations from a High Alpine Valley (Dischma, Switzerland), Nat. Hazards, 50, 97–108, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-008-9322-7, 2009. a
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Short summary
When water infiltrates into a snowpack, it alters the thermal state of the system. This work presents a first-of-its-kind multi-phase heat transfer model for local thermal non-equilibrium scenarios of water infiltration into an existing snowpack, such as during rain-on-snow events. The model can be used to calculate the formation of ice layers, as well as partial melting of the snow. Hence, it can support hazard assessment for flash floods and snow avalanches.
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