Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 29, issue 7
Articles | Volume 29, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1829-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-1829-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 29, issue 7
Research article
 | 
07 Apr 2025
Research article |  | 07 Apr 2025

Multivariate and long-term time series analysis to assess the effect of nitrogen management policy on groundwater quality in Wallonia, BE

Elise Verstraeten, Alice Alonso, Louise Collier, and Marnik Vanclooster

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Short summary
This study takes a data-driven approach to evaluate long-term groundwater nitrate concentration trends in Wallonia, Belgium, over ~20 years following the implementation of regional nitrogen management policies. Results highlight a persistently negative impact of agricultural land use, the importance of sustained policies and long-term monitoring to mitigate nitrogen legacy effects, and the need for improved datasets to better capture controlling factors. 
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