Articles | Volume 28, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2123-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-2123-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
15 May 2024
Research article |
| 15 May 2024
| 15 May 2024
Global total precipitable water variations and trends over the period 1958–2021
Nenghan Wan
Department of Agronomy, Kansas Climate Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
Xiaomao Lin
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Agronomy, Kansas Climate Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
Roger A. Pielke Sr.
Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Xubin Zeng
Climate Dynamics and Hydrometeorology Center at the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
Amanda M. Nelson
National Center of Alluvial Aquifer Research, USDA-ARS Sustainable Water Management Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, USA
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- Accurate and Full-Coverage Retrieval of Total Column Water Vapor From Chinese UV-VIS Satellites Using an Interpretable Machine Learning Approach R. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3579262
- Divergences in typhoon and non-typhoon extreme rainfall trends and their spatial variations at multiple timescales in typical region of southeastern China S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108590
- Evaluating the relationship between land surface temperature and land use/land cover indices: Case study of a tropical town M. Sarkar et al. https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1677892
- Nonlinear Earth System Dynamics Determine Biospheric Structure and Function: I—A Primer on How the Climate System Functions as a Heat Engine and Structures the Biosphere T. Kittel & K. Ferron https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14020038
- A machine learning framework for ERA5-PWV bias calibration K. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103597
- A general framework quantifying variability in spatial inhomogeneity of global precipitation and its contribution S. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07580-w
- Trend Analysis of Atmospheric Lifted Index, Precipitable Water, and Rainfall Over Hyderabad, India M. Taiyab et al. https://doi.org/10.12944/CWE.19.3.30
- Analyzing precipitable water vapor with GNSS radio occultation wet profiles, radiosonde observations and ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data over the Türkiye region S. Çelik Tunçer & E. Tanır Kayıkçı https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2025-0111
- Exploring Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) Variability and Subregional Declines in Eastern China T. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156699
- Recent trends and variability of temperature and atmospheric water vapor over South Asia T. Adeliyi & A. Akinsanola https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107556
- A segment-based approach for global vertical adjustment of precipitable water vapor M. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.02.046
- Multi-scalar aridity dynamics and climate–vegetation coupling in the Western Himalayan Cold Desert, India P. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181812
- Projecting global mean total column water vapor through 2050 using univariate and multivariate time series models T. Durhasan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-026-01847-y
- Su Ekosistemleri ve İklim Değişikliği: Entegre Bir Yaklaşımla Etkilerin Değerlendirilmesi Z. Reçber & M. Safa https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1747095
- Improved closure of the global mean sea level budget from observational advances since 1960 H. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea0652
- A 41-Year Global All-Sky Surface Longwave Radiation Components Dataset at 5 km and hourly Resolution Y. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05886-w
- Construction and evaluation of GNSS-derived two-dimensional PWV fields for precipitation analysis J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.05.101
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- A novel adaptive time-scale decomposition fused LSTM-transformer framework (ATSD-LT) for TCWV prediction L. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106967
- Independent Validation of Total Precipitable Water From Morphed Integrated Microwave Imagery at CIMSS: A Global Study Using GNSS and Radiosonde Measurements J. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3656168
- Exploring shifts in extreme precipitation and synoptic forces across the Iberian Peninsula: A regionalized perspective P. Benetó et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2026.100929
- Climate forcing due to atmospheric water vapour over the tropical regions of India B. Raychaudhuri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.06.083
- Brief communication: How extreme was the thunderstorm rain in Vienna on 17 August 2024? A temporal and spatial analysis V. Klaus et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4807-2025
23 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Accurate and Full-Coverage Retrieval of Total Column Water Vapor From Chinese UV-VIS Satellites Using an Interpretable Machine Learning Approach R. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2025.3579262
- Divergences in typhoon and non-typhoon extreme rainfall trends and their spatial variations at multiple timescales in typical region of southeastern China S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108590
- Evaluating the relationship between land surface temperature and land use/land cover indices: Case study of a tropical town M. Sarkar et al. https://doi.org/10.51489/tuzal.1677892
- Nonlinear Earth System Dynamics Determine Biospheric Structure and Function: I—A Primer on How the Climate System Functions as a Heat Engine and Structures the Biosphere T. Kittel & K. Ferron https://doi.org/10.3390/cli14020038
- A machine learning framework for ERA5-PWV bias calibration K. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103597
- A general framework quantifying variability in spatial inhomogeneity of global precipitation and its contribution S. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-024-07580-w
- Trend Analysis of Atmospheric Lifted Index, Precipitable Water, and Rainfall Over Hyderabad, India M. Taiyab et al. https://doi.org/10.12944/CWE.19.3.30
- Analyzing precipitable water vapor with GNSS radio occultation wet profiles, radiosonde observations and ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data over the Türkiye region S. Çelik Tunçer & E. Tanır Kayıkçı https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2025-0111
- Exploring Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV) Variability and Subregional Declines in Eastern China T. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156699
- Recent trends and variability of temperature and atmospheric water vapor over South Asia T. Adeliyi & A. Akinsanola https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107556
- A segment-based approach for global vertical adjustment of precipitable water vapor M. Lin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.02.046
- Multi-scalar aridity dynamics and climate–vegetation coupling in the Western Himalayan Cold Desert, India P. Kumar et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181812
- Projecting global mean total column water vapor through 2050 using univariate and multivariate time series models T. Durhasan et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11600-026-01847-y
- Su Ekosistemleri ve İklim Değişikliği: Entegre Bir Yaklaşımla Etkilerin Değerlendirilmesi Z. Reçber & M. Safa https://doi.org/10.53433/yyufbed.1747095
- Improved closure of the global mean sea level budget from observational advances since 1960 H. Zheng et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea0652
- A 41-Year Global All-Sky Surface Longwave Radiation Components Dataset at 5 km and hourly Resolution Y. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05886-w
- Construction and evaluation of GNSS-derived two-dimensional PWV fields for precipitation analysis J. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.05.101
- An integrated method for TCWV prediction using deep learning coupled with physical constraints: a physics-aware spatio-temporal attention network L. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/20964471.2026.2680809
- A novel adaptive time-scale decomposition fused LSTM-transformer framework (ATSD-LT) for TCWV prediction L. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2026.106967
- Independent Validation of Total Precipitable Water From Morphed Integrated Microwave Imagery at CIMSS: A Global Study Using GNSS and Radiosonde Measurements J. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2026.3656168
- Exploring shifts in extreme precipitation and synoptic forces across the Iberian Peninsula: A regionalized perspective P. Benetó et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2026.100929
- Climate forcing due to atmospheric water vapour over the tropical regions of India B. Raychaudhuri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2025.06.083
- Brief communication: How extreme was the thunderstorm rain in Vienna on 17 August 2024? A temporal and spatial analysis V. Klaus et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-25-4807-2025
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Short summary
Global warming occurs at a rate of 0.21 K per decade, resulting in about 9.5 % K−1 of water vapor response to temperature from 1993 to 2021. Terrestrial areas experienced greater warming than the ocean, with a ratio of 2 : 1. The total precipitable water change in response to surface temperature changes showed a variation around 6 % K−1–8 % K−1 in the 15–55° N latitude band. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms leading to different water vapor responses.
Global warming occurs at a rate of 0.21 K per decade, resulting in about 9.5 % K−1 of water...
