Articles | Volume 28, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1827-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1827-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Apr 2024
Research article |
| 22 Apr 2024
| 22 Apr 2024
Unraveling phenological and stomatal responses to flash drought and implications for water and carbon budgets
Nicholas K. Corak
Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Jason A. Otkin
Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
Trent W. Ford
Illinois State Water Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Cited
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- An analytical study on the influence of initial soil moisture and meteorological anomalies on flash droughts V. Singh & T. Apurv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103653
- Budyko scatter reveals interactions between wildfire, land cover change, and climate N. Corak et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135096
- Warming and vegetation greening drive recent surge in flash droughts J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea8452
- Spatiotemporal characteristics and onset processes of flash droughts during the growing season in Inner Mongolia, China H. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-025-9498-2
- Flash droughts cause more rapid declines in gross primary productivity than slow droughts on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (2000-2023) T. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129082
- Amplified contrasts in evapotranspiration between wet and dry regions caused by compound drought-hot events Y. Pang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105108
- Satellite-based detection of agricultural flash droughts and associated vegetation responses in southeastern South America L. Masaro et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ae4a42
- Unveiling flash droughts in Brazil: a systematic literature review P. de Vasconcelos et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2026.2678499
- A pronounced decline in northern vegetation resistance to flash droughts from 2001 to 2022 M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58253-z
- James Buttle Review: Dynamic Water Storage Shapes Critical Zone Function in Snow‐Dominated Mountain Watersheds C. Tague et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70325
- A high resolution, gridded product for vapor pressure deficit using Daymet N. Corak et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04544-5
- Beyond Ice: NASA’s ICESat-2 spaceborne lidar mission for land and vegetation applications C. Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/MGRS.2026.3666794
- Impacts of extreme drought events at each phenophase on the Aboveground net primary productivity and its photosynthetic physiological regulatory process of sandy semi-shrubs W. Chunyuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109914
- Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Flash Drought and Ecosystem Sensitivity in Coastal Zones: Implications for Agricultural Water Resources Management C. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-026-04779-w
- Widespread enhancement of ecosystem carbon fluxes during post moisture pulse Y. Bai et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03191-x
- Flash drought-driven forest gross primary productivity declines in China amplified by extreme heat T. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105515
- Warming Reshapes Land-Atmosphere Coupling: The LST-SM-ET-GPP Framework R. Mi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17040352
- Using Low-Cost Proximal Sensing Sensors for Detecting the Water Status of Deficit-Irrigated Orange Orchards in Mediterranean Climatic Conditions S. Toscano et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15030550
- Research Progress on the Effect of Drought Stress on the Photosynthetic Capacity of Broad-Leaved Woody Plants 静. 王 https://doi.org/10.12677/wjf.2025.142015
- Pronounced trends in vegetation phenology responses to flash droughts across China (2003−2023) T. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114578
- Quantifying hydrothermal-driven dynamics of gross primary productivity in the Ta-Pieh mountains based on explainable artificial intelligence S. Ning et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102797
- Rapid changes in terrestrial carbon dioxide uptake captured in near-real time from a geostationary satellite: The ALIVE framework D. Losos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114759
- Characteristics and drivers of the flash drought: Based on the daily resolution SPEI from the MERRA-2 between 1980 and 2023 Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105584
- Atmospheric dryness and flash drought severity drive the shifts of different flash drought types into agricultural droughts C. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110109
- Climate-vegetation regimes dominate the divergent ecosystem responses to flash droughts in China B. Yuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2026.04.003
- Response and recovery mechanisms of natural and artificial forests under normal and flash droughts Z. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae6d8e
- Genome streamlining and functional adaptation of drought-enriched bacteria regulate soil heterotrophic respiration in alpine peatland Y. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08636-y
- Variability in quantifying leaf area index in humid, fire-affected ecosystems N. Corak et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae6396
28 citations as recorded by crossref.
- An analytical study on the influence of initial soil moisture and meteorological anomalies on flash droughts V. Singh & T. Apurv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103653
- Budyko scatter reveals interactions between wildfire, land cover change, and climate N. Corak et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135096
- Warming and vegetation greening drive recent surge in flash droughts J. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea8452
- Spatiotemporal characteristics and onset processes of flash droughts during the growing season in Inner Mongolia, China H. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11629-025-9498-2
- Flash droughts cause more rapid declines in gross primary productivity than slow droughts on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (2000-2023) T. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129082
- Amplified contrasts in evapotranspiration between wet and dry regions caused by compound drought-hot events Y. Pang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.105108
- Satellite-based detection of agricultural flash droughts and associated vegetation responses in southeastern South America L. Masaro et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ae4a42
- Unveiling flash droughts in Brazil: a systematic literature review P. de Vasconcelos et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2026.2678499
- A pronounced decline in northern vegetation resistance to flash droughts from 2001 to 2022 M. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-58253-z
- James Buttle Review: Dynamic Water Storage Shapes Critical Zone Function in Snow‐Dominated Mountain Watersheds C. Tague et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70325
- A high resolution, gridded product for vapor pressure deficit using Daymet N. Corak et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04544-5
- Beyond Ice: NASA’s ICESat-2 spaceborne lidar mission for land and vegetation applications C. Silva et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/MGRS.2026.3666794
- Impacts of extreme drought events at each phenophase on the Aboveground net primary productivity and its photosynthetic physiological regulatory process of sandy semi-shrubs W. Chunyuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.109914
- Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Flash Drought and Ecosystem Sensitivity in Coastal Zones: Implications for Agricultural Water Resources Management C. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-026-04779-w
- Widespread enhancement of ecosystem carbon fluxes during post moisture pulse Y. Bai et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-026-03191-x
- Flash drought-driven forest gross primary productivity declines in China amplified by extreme heat T. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105515
- Warming Reshapes Land-Atmosphere Coupling: The LST-SM-ET-GPP Framework R. Mi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17040352
- Using Low-Cost Proximal Sensing Sensors for Detecting the Water Status of Deficit-Irrigated Orange Orchards in Mediterranean Climatic Conditions S. Toscano et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15030550
- Research Progress on the Effect of Drought Stress on the Photosynthetic Capacity of Broad-Leaved Woody Plants 静. 王 https://doi.org/10.12677/wjf.2025.142015
- Pronounced trends in vegetation phenology responses to flash droughts across China (2003−2023) T. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114578
- Quantifying hydrothermal-driven dynamics of gross primary productivity in the Ta-Pieh mountains based on explainable artificial intelligence S. Ning et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102797
- Rapid changes in terrestrial carbon dioxide uptake captured in near-real time from a geostationary satellite: The ALIVE framework D. Losos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2025.114759
- Characteristics and drivers of the flash drought: Based on the daily resolution SPEI from the MERRA-2 between 1980 and 2023 Q. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2026.105584
- Atmospheric dryness and flash drought severity drive the shifts of different flash drought types into agricultural droughts C. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2025.110109
- Climate-vegetation regimes dominate the divergent ecosystem responses to flash droughts in China B. Yuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fmre.2026.04.003
- Response and recovery mechanisms of natural and artificial forests under normal and flash droughts Z. Guo et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae6d8e
- Genome streamlining and functional adaptation of drought-enriched bacteria regulate soil heterotrophic respiration in alpine peatland Y. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-026-08636-y
- Variability in quantifying leaf area index in humid, fire-affected ecosystems N. Corak et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ae6396
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 02 Aug 2026
Short summary
We simulate how dynamic vegetation interacts with the atmosphere during extreme drought events known as flash droughts. We find that plants nearly halt water and carbon exchanges and limit their growth during flash drought. This work has implications for how to account for changes in vegetation state during extreme drought events when making predictions under future climate scenarios.
We simulate how dynamic vegetation interacts with the atmosphere during extreme drought events...
