Articles | Volume 28, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1665-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-1665-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Impacts of spatiotemporal resolutions of precipitation on flood event simulation based on multimodel structures – a case study over the Xiang River basin in China
School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Xiaodong Qin
School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Dongyang Zhou
School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
Tiantian Yang
School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
Xinyi Song
School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
Related authors
Xichao Gao, Zhiyong Yang, Dawei Han, Kai Gao, and Qian Zhu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6023–6039, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6023-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6023-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We proposed a theoretical framework and conducted a laboratory experiment to understand the relationship between wind and the rainfall–runoff process in urban high-rise building areas. The runoff coefficient (relating the amount of runoff to the amount of precipitation received) found in the theoretical framework was close to that found in the laboratory experiment.
Lujun Zhang, Yihan Wang, Kendra Dresback, Christine Szpilka, Randall Kolar, and Tiantian Yang
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5062, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5062, 2025
This preprint is open for discussion and under review for Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS).
Short summary
Short summary
Reliable rainfall forecasts for periods between one week and one season can support water management, agriculture, and disaster preparedness, yet remain difficult to achieve. This study evaluates nineteen international subseasonal rainfall forecast datasets across the United States to compare their performance. The results show large seasonal and regional differences in forecast quality and emphasize that no single product works best everywhere.
Xichao Gao, Zhiyong Yang, Dawei Han, Kai Gao, and Qian Zhu
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 6023–6039, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6023-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6023-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
We proposed a theoretical framework and conducted a laboratory experiment to understand the relationship between wind and the rainfall–runoff process in urban high-rise building areas. The runoff coefficient (relating the amount of runoff to the amount of precipitation received) found in the theoretical framework was close to that found in the laboratory experiment.
Zhi Li, Mengye Chen, Shang Gao, Jonathan J. Gourley, Tiantian Yang, Xinyi Shen, Randall Kolar, and Yang Hong
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 3755–3766, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3755-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3755-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This dataset is a compilation of multi-sourced flood records, retrieved from official reports, instruments, and crowdsourcing data since 1900. This study utilizes the flood database to analyze flood seasonality within major basins and socioeconomic impacts over time. It is anticipated that this dataset can support a variety of flood-related research, such as validation resources for hydrologic models, hydroclimatic studies, and flood vulnerability analysis across the United States.
Cited articles
Abbaspour, K. C., Vejdani, M., and Haghighat, S.: SWAT-CUP Calibration and Uncertainty Programs for SWAT, in: Modsim 2007: International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, 1603–1609, ISBN 978-097584004-7, 2007.
AghaKouchak, A., Nakhjiri, N., and Habib, E.: An educational model for ensemble streamflow simulation and uncertainty analysis, Hydrol. Earth Syst.Sci., 17, 445–452, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-445-2013, 2013.
Akbari Asanjan, A., Yang, T., Hsu, K., Sorooshian, S., Lin, J., and Peng, Q.: Short-Term Precipitation Forecast Based on the PERSIANN System and LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 123, 12543–12563, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028375, 2018.
Alfredsen, K. and Hailegeorgis, T. T.: Comparative evaluation of performances of different conceptualisations of distributed HBV runoff response routines for prediction of hourly streamflow in boreal mountainous catchments, Hydrol. Res., 46, 607–628, https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2014.051, 2015.
Apip, Sayama, T., Tachikawa, Y., and Takara, K.: Spatial lumping of a distributed rainfall-sediment-runoff model and its effective lumping scale, Hydrol. Process., 26, 855–871, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.8300, 2012.
Arnaud, P., Lavabre, J., Fouchier, C., Diss, S., and Javelle, P.: Sensitivity of hydrological models to uncertainty in rainfall input, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 56, 397–410, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2011.563742, 2011.
Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R. S., and Williams, J. R.: Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment – Part 1: Model development, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 34, 73–89, 1998.
Badrzadeh, H., Sarukkalige, R., and Jayawardena, A. W.: Hourly runoff forecasting for flood risk management: Application of various computational intelligence models, J. Hydrol., 529, 1633–1643, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.07.057, 2015.
Bergström, S. and Forsman, A.: Development of a conceptual deterministic rainfall-runoff mode, Nord. Hydrol., 4, 240–253, 1973.
Beven, K.: A sensitivity analysis of the Penman–Monteith actual evapotranspiration estimates, J. Hydrol., 44, 169–190, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(79)90130-6, 1979.
Buitink, J., Uijlenhoet, R., and Teuling, A. J.: Evaluating seasonal hydrological extremes in mesoscale (pre-)Alpine basins at coarse 0.5° and fine hyperresolution, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 1593–1609, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-1593-2019, 2019.
China Meteorological Administration: CMA, https://data.cma.cn (last access: 25 February 2020), 2020.
Duan, Q., Sorooshian, S., and Gupta, V. K.: Optimal use of the SCE-UA global optimization method for calibrating watershed models, J. Hydrol., 158, 265–284, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(94)90057-4, 1994.
Dutta, D., Herath, S., and Musiake, K.: Flood inundation simulation in a river basin using a physically based distributed hydrologic model, Hydrol. Process., 14, 497–519, 2000.
European Commission's Joint Research Centre: Global Land Cover 2000, https://forobs.jrc.ec.europa.eu/glc2000 (last access: 27 March 2020), 2020.
Fan, H., Jiang, M., Xu, L., Zhu, H., Cheng, J., and Jiang, J.: Comparison of Long Short Term Memory Networks and the Hydrological Model in Runoff Simulation, Water, 12, 175, https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010175, 2020.
Fang, J., Yang, W., Luan, Y., Du, J., Lin, A., and Zhao, L.: Evaluation of the TRMM 3B42 and GPM IMERG products for extreme precipitation analysis over China, Atmos. Res., 223, 24–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.03.001, 2019.
Farr, T. G., Rosen, P. A., Caro, E., Crippen, R., Duren, R., Hensley, S., Kobrick, M., Paller, M., Rodriguez, E., Roth, L., Seal, D., Shaffer, S., Shimada, J., Umland, J., Werner, M., Oskin, M., Burbank, D., and Alsdorf, D.: The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG2004, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005rg000183, 2007.
Ficchì, A., Perrin, C., and Andréassian, V.: Impact of temporal resolution of inputs on hydrological model performance: An analysis based on 2400 flood events, J. Hydrol., 538, 454–470, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.04.016, 2016.
Franke, R.: Scattered Data Interpolation – Tests of Some Methods, Math. Comput., 38, 181–200, 1982.
Grimaldi, S., Schumann, G. J. P., Shokri, A., Walker, J. P., and Pauwels, V. R. N.: Challenges, Opportunities, and Pitfalls for Global Coupled Hydrologic-Hydraulic Modeling of Floods, Water Resour. Res., 55, 5277–5300, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018wr024289, 2019.
Grusson, Y., Anctil, F., Sauvage, S., and Sánchez Pérez, J.: Testing the SWAT Model with Gridded Weather Data of Different Spatial Resolutions, Water, 9, 54, https://doi.org/10.3390/w9010054, 2017.
Hirabayashi, Y., Mahendran, R., Koirala, S., Konoshima, L., Yamazaki, D., Watanabe, S., Kim, H., and Kanae, S.: Global flood risk under climate change, Nat. Clim. Change, 3, 816–821, 2013.
Hochreiter, S. and Schmidhuber, J.: Long short-term memory, Neural Comput., 9, 1735–1780, 1997.
Hu, C., Wu, Q., Li, H., Jian, S., Li, N., and Lou, Z.: Deep Learning with a Long Short-Term Memory Networks Approach for Rainfall-Runoff Simulation, Water, 10, 1543, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111543, 2018.
Huang, Y., Bárdossy, A., and Zhang, K.: Sensitivity of hydrological models to temporal and spatial resolutions of rainfall data, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 2647–2663, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-2647-2019, 2019.
Huffman, G. J., Bolvin, D. T., and Nelkin, E. J.: Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) technical documentation, NASA/GSFC Code, 612, 2019, https://gpm.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-07/IMERG_TechnicalDocumentation_final_230713.pdf (last access: 4 April 2024), 2015.
Jiang, L. and Bauer-Gottwein, P.: How do GPM IMERG precipitation estimates perform as hydrological model forcing? Evaluation for 300 catchments across Mainland China, J. Hydrol., 572, 486–500, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.03.042, 2019.
Kao, I. F., Zhou, Y., Chang, L.-C., and Chang, F.-J.: Exploring a Long Short-Term Memory based Encoder-Decoder framework for multi-step-ahead flood forecasting, J. Hydrol., 583, 124631, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124631, 2020.
Kingma, D. P. and Ba, J.: Adam: A method for stochastic optimization, arXiv [preprint], arXiv:1412.6980, https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1412.6980, 2014.
Koutroulis, A. G. and Tsanis, I. K.: A method for estimating flash flood peak discharge in a poorly gauged basin: Case study for the 13–14 January 1994 flood, Giofiros basin, Crete, Greece, J. Hydrol., 385, 150–164, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.02.012, 2010.
Kratzert, F., Klotz, D., Shalev, G., Klambauer, G., Hochreiter, S., and Nearing, G.: Towards learning universal, regional, and local hydrological behaviors via machine learning applied to large-sample datasets, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 5089–5110, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5089-2019, 2019.
Liang, X., Guo, J., and Leung, L. R.: Assessment of the effects of spatial resolutions on daily water flux simulations, J. Hydrol., 298, 287–310, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.07.007, 2004.
Liao, W., Yin, Z., Wang, R., and Lei, X.: Rainfall-Runoff Modelling Based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), in: 38th IAHR World Congress – “Water: Connecting the World”, 1–6 September 2019, Panama City, https://doi.org/10.3850/38wc092019-1488, 2019.
Liu, J., Chen, X., Wu, J., Zhang, X., Feng, D., and Xu, C.-Y.: Grid parameterization of a conceptual distributed hydrological model through integration of a sub-grid topographic index: necessity and practicability, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 57, 282–297, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2011.645823, 2012.
Lobligeois, F., Andréassian, V., Perrin, C., Tabary, P., and Loumagne, C.: When does higher spatial resolution rainfall information improve streamflow simulation? An evaluation using 3620 flood events, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 575–594, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-575-2014, 2014.
Maggioni, V. and Massari, C.: On the performance of satellite precipitation products in riverine flood modeling: A review, J. Hydrol., 558, 214–224, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.039, 2018.
Mei, Y., Nikolopoulos, E., Anagnostou, E., Zoccatelli, D., and Borga, M.: Error Analysis of Satellite Precipitation-Driven Modeling of Flood Events in Complex Alpine Terrain, Remote Sens., 8, 293, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs8040293, 2016.
Melsen, L., Teuling, A., Torfs, P., Zappa, M., Mizukami, N., Clark, M., and Uijlenhoet, R.: Representation of spatial and temporal variability in large-domain hydrological models: case study for a mesoscale pre-Alpine basin, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 2207–2226, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2207-2016, 2016.
Moussa, R. and Chahinian, N.: Comparison of different multi-objective calibration criteria using a conceptual rainfall-runoff model of flood events, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 519–535, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-519-2009, 2009.
NASA – National Aeronautics and Space Administration: IMERG V05B, https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/ (last access: 14 February 2020), 2020.
National Natural Science Foundation of China: Soil data of China, Environmental and Ecological Science Data Center for West China, http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn/ (last access: 27 March 2020), 2020.
Ni, L., Wang, D., Singh, V. P., Wu, J., Wang, Y., Tao, Y., and Zhang, J.: Streamflow and rainfall forecasting by two long short-term memory-based models, J. Hydrol., 583, 124296, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.124296, 2020.
Nikolopoulos, E. I., Anagnostou, E. N., and Borga, M.: Using High-Resolution Satellite Rainfall Products to Simulate a Major Flash Flood Event in Northern Italy, J. Hydrometeorol., 14, 171–185, https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-09.1, 2013.
Noilhan, J., Martin, E., Anquetin, S., Saulnier, G.-M., Habets, F., Ducrocq, V., Vincendon, B., Chancibault, K., and Bouilloud, L.: Coupling the ISBA Land Surface Model and the TOPMODEL Hydrological Model for Mediterranean Flash-Flood Forecasting: Description, Calibration, and Validation, J. Hydrometeorol., 11, 315–333, https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jhm1163.1, 2010.
O, S., Foelsche, U., Kirchengast, G., Fuchsberger, J., Tan, J., and Petersen, W. A.: Evaluation of GPM IMERG Early, Late, and Final rainfall estimates using WegenerNet gauge data in southeastern Austria, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 6559–6572, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6559-2017, 2017.
Pan, S., Liu, L., Bai, Z., and Xu, Y.-P.: Integration of Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration into Multi-Objective Calibration of Distributed Hydrology–Soil–Vegetation Model (DHSVM) in a Humid Region of China, Water, 10, 1841, https://doi.org/10.3390/w10121841, 2018.
Paszke, A., Gross, S., Massa, F., Lerer, A., Bradbury, J., Chanan, G., Killeen, T., Lin, Z. M., Gimelshein, N., Antiga, L., Desmaison, A., Kopf, A., Yang, E., DeVito, Z., Raison, M., Tejani, A., Chilamkurthy, S., Steiner, B., Fang, L., Bai, J. J., and Chintala, S.: PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Library, arXiv [preprint], https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1912.01703, 2019.
Piao, S., Ciais, P., Huang, Y., Shen, Z., Peng, S., Li, J., Zhou, L., Liu, H., Ma, Y., Ding, Y., Friedlingstein, P., Liu, C., Tan, K., Yu, Y., Zhang, T., and Fang, J.: The impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China, Nature, 467, 43–51, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature09364, 2010.
Rafieeinasab, A., Norouzi, A., Kim, S., Habibi, H., Nazari, B., Seo, D.-J., Lee, H., Cosgrove, B., and Cui, Z.: Toward high-resolution flash flood prediction in large urban areas – Analysis of sensitivity to spatiotemporal resolution of rainfall input and hydrologic modeling, J. Hydrol., 531, 370–388, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.08.045, 2015.
Shen, C.: A Transdisciplinary Review of Deep Learning Research and Its Relevance for Water Resources Scientists, Water Resour. Res., 54, 8558–8593, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018wr022643, 2018.
Shen, C., Laloy, E., Elshorbagy, A., Albert, A., Bales, J., Chang, F.-J., Ganguly, S., Hsu, K.-L., Kifer, D., Fang, Z., Fang, K., Li, D., Li, X., and Tsai, W.-P.: HESS Opinions: Incubating deep-learning-powered hydrologic science advances as a community, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5639–5656, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5639-2018, 2018.
Shen, Y., Zhao, P., Pan, Y., and Yu, J.: A high spatiotemporal gauge-satellite merged precipitation analysis over China, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 119, 3063–3075, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013jd020686, 2014.
Shrestha, R. R., Theobald, S., and Nestmann, F.: Simulation of flood flow in a river system using artificial neural networks, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 313–321, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-9-313-2005, 2005.
Spellman, P., Webster, V., and Watkins, D.: Bias correcting instantaneous peak flows generated using a continuous, semi-distributed hydrologic model, J. Flood Risk Manage., 11, e12342, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfr3.12342, 2018.
Srivastava, N., Hinton, G., Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., and Salakhutdinov, R.: Dropout: A Simple Way to Prevent Neural Networks from Overfitting, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 15, 1929–1958, 2014.
Su, J., Lü, H., Crow, W. T., Zhu, Y., and Cui, Y.: The Effect of Spatiotemporal Resolution Degradation on the Accuracy of IMERG Products over the Huai River Basin, J. Hydrometeorol., 21, 1073–1088, https://doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0158.1, 2020.
Sun, C., Shrivastava, A., Singh, S., and Gupta, A.: Revisiting unreasonable effectiveness of data in deep learning era, in: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, 843–852, 2017.
Tang, G., Ma, Y., Long, D., Zhong, L., and Hong, Y.: Evaluation of GPM Day-1 IMERG and TMPA Version-7 legacy products over Mainland China at multiple spatiotemporal scales, J. Hydrol., 533, 152–167, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.12.008, 2016.
Tang, G., Zeng, Z., Ma, M., Liu, R., Wen, Y., and Hong, Y.: Can Near-Real-Time Satellite Precipitation Products Capture Rainstorms and Guide Flood Warning for the 2016 Summer in South China?, IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., 14, 1208–1212, https://doi.org/10.1109/lgrs.2017.2702137, 2017.
Wang, Z., Zhong, R., Lai, C., and Chen, J.: Evaluation of the GPM IMERG satellite-based precipitation products and the hydrological utility, Atmos. Res., 196, 151–163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.06.020, 2017.
Wigmosta, M. S., Vail, L. W., and Lettenmaier, D. P.: A Distributed Hydrology-Vegetation Model for Complex Terrain, Water Resour. Res., 30, 1665–1679, 1994.
Wu, H., Adler, R. F., Tian, Y., Huffman, G. J., Li, H., and Wang, J.: Real-time global flood estimation using satellite-based precipitation and a coupled land surface and routing model, Water Resour. Res., 50, 2693–2717, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013wr014710, 2014.
Xie, H., Shen, Z., Chen, L., Lai, X., Qiu, J., Wei, G., Dong, J., Peng, Y., and Chen, X.: Parameter Estimation and Uncertainty Analysis: A Comparison between Continuous and Event-Based Modeling of Streamflow Based on the Hydrological Simulation Program–Fortran (HSPF) Model, Water, 11, 171, https://doi.org/10.3390/w11010171, 2019.
Yang, Y., Du, J., Cheng, L., and Xu, W.: Applicability of TRMM satellite precipitation in driving hydrological model for identifying flood events: a case study in the Xiangjiang River Basin, China, Nat. Hazards, 87, 1489–1505, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2836-0, 2017.
Yoshimoto, S. and Amarnath, G.: Applications of Satellite-Based Rainfall Estimates in Flood Inundation Modeling – A Case Study in Mundeni Aru River Basin, Sri Lanka, Remote Sens., 9, 998, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9100998, 2017.
Yu, D., Xie, P., Dong, X., Hu, X., Liu, J., Li, Y., Peng, T., Ma, H., Wang, K., and Xu, S.: Improvement of the SWAT model for event-based flood simulation on a sub-daily timescale, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 5001–5019, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5001-2018, 2018.
Yu, Z., Lu, Q., Zhu, J., Yang, C., Ju, Q., Yang, T., Chen, X., and Sudicky, E. A.: Spatial and Temporal Scale Effect in Simulating Hydrologic Processes in a Watershed, J. Hydrol. Eng., 19, 99–107, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000762, 2014.
Yuan, F., Wang, B., Shi, C., Cui, W., Zhao, C., Liu, Y., Ren, L., Zhang, L., Zhu, Y., Chen, T., Jiang, S., and Yang, X.: Evaluation of hydrological utility of IMERG Final run V05 and TMPA 3B42V7 satellite precipitation products in the Yellow River source region, China, J. Hydrol., 567, 696–711, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.06.045, 2018.
Zhang, D., Lin, J., Peng, Q., Wang, D., Yang, T., Sorooshian, S., Liu, X., and Zhuang, J.: Modeling and simulating of reservoir operation using the artificial neural network, support vector regression, deep learning algorithm, J. Hydrol., 565, 720–736, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.08.050, 2018.
Zhu, D., Peng, D. Z., and Cluckie, I. D.: Statistical analysis of error propagation from radar rainfall to hydrological models, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 17, 1445–1453, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1445-2013, 2013.
Zhu, Q., Xuan, W. D., Liu, L., and Xu, Y. P.: Evaluation and hydrological application of precipitation estimates derived from PERSIANN-CDR, TRMM 3B42V7, and NCEP-CFSR over humid regions in China, Hydrol. Process., 30, 3061–3083, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10846, 2016.
Zhu, Q., Hsu, K.-l., Xu, Y.-P., and Yang, T.: Evaluation of a new satellite-based precipitation data set for climate studies in the Xiang River basin, southern China, Int. J. Climatol., 37, 4561–4575, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5105, 2017.
Zhu, Q., Zhou, D., Luo, Y., Xu, Y.-P., Wang, G., and Gao, X.: Suitability of high-temporal satellite-based precipitation products in flood simulation over a humid region of China, Hydrolog. Sci. J., 66, 104–117, https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2020.1844206, 2020.
Zhu, S., Luo, X., Yuan, X., and Xu, Z.: An improved long short-term memory network for streamflow forecasting in the upper Yangtze River, Stoch. Environ. Res. Risk A., 34, 1313–1329, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-020-01766-4, 2020.
Zubieta, R., Getirana, A., Espinoza, J. C., Lavado-Casimiro, W., and Aragon, L.: Hydrological modeling of the Peruvian–Ecuadorian Amazon Basin using GPM-IMERG satellite-based precipitation dataset, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 3543–3555, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3543-2017, 2017.
Short summary
Input data, model and calibration strategy can affect the accuracy of flood event simulation and prediction. Satellite-based precipitation with different spatiotemporal resolutions is an important input source. Data-driven models are sometimes proven to be more accurate than hydrological models. Event-based calibration and conventional strategy are two options adopted for flood simulation. This study targets the three concerns for accurate flood event simulation and prediction.
Input data, model and calibration strategy can affect the accuracy of flood event simulation and...