Articles | Volume 25, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6567-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6567-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
22 Dec 2021
Research article |
| 22 Dec 2021
| 22 Dec 2021
Simulation of long-term spatiotemporal variations in regional-scale groundwater recharge: contributions of a water budget approach in cold and humid climates
Emmanuel Dubois
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des
sciences de la Terre et de l'atmosphère and GEOTOP Research Center,
Pavillon Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3P8 Canada
GRIL Research Center, Département de sciences biologiques,
Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7 Canada
Marie Larocque
Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des
sciences de la Terre et de l'atmosphère and GEOTOP Research Center,
Pavillon Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3P8 Canada
GRIL Research Center, Département de sciences biologiques,
Université de Montréal, Campus MIL, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3J7 Canada
Sylvain Gagné
Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des
sciences de la Terre et de l'atmosphère and GEOTOP Research Center,
Pavillon Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3P8 Canada
Guillaume Meyzonnat
Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des
sciences de la Terre et de l'atmosphère and GEOTOP Research Center,
Pavillon Président-Kennedy, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, H3C 3P8 Canada
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Cited
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Recharge in Cold and Humid Climates: Controlling Processes and Thresholds E. Dubois et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10010006
- Estimating Climate Change’s Impacts on the Recharge of an Ungauged Tropical Aquifer (Togolese Coastal Sedimentary Basin) R. Barry et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050731
- Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Groundwater Recharge Across a Small Watershed in the California Sierra Nevada Mountains C. Meadows & B. Hagedorn https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.815228
- Combined Impacts of Climate Change and Water Withdrawals on the Water Balance at the Watershed Scale—The Case of the Allier Alluvial Hydrosystem (France) J. Labbe et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043275
- Observed Hydroclimatic Trends and Their Implications Over Water‐Cycle Dynamics in Montérégie, Southern Quebec, Canada J. Mona et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500564
- Machine learning prediction of effective porosity and water content in unsaturated zones: application to the Merguellil Basin in the arid Mediterranean region of central Tunisia M. Abdelhedi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-025-01048-x
- Impact of land cover changes on Long‐Term Regional‐Scale groundwater recharge simulation in cold and humid climates E. Dubois et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14810
- Storyline analytical framework for understanding future severe low-water episodes and their consequences G. Rondeau-Genesse et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4893-2025
- Fractured and porous aquifer recharge in semiarid regions and the relevance of soil covers: A review for Caetité area, Bahia, Brazil A. Walczuk et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105525
- Regional-Scale Distribution of Helium Isotopes in Aquifers: How Informative Are They as Groundwater Tracers and Chronometers? D. Pinti et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121940
- Age distribution of groundwater in fractured aquifers of the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Canada) determined by environmental tracers (3H/3He, 85Kr, SF6, CFC-12, 14C) G. Meyzonnat et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02671-0
- Enhancing physically based and distributed hydrological model calibration through internal state variable constraints F. Talbot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6549-2025
- Comparative evaluation of SWAT and WTF techniques for recharge estimation in the Vea catchment, Ghana C. Okrah et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-00813-6
- Data‐Driven Estimation of Groundwater Level Time‐Series at Unmonitored Sites Using Comparative Regional Analysis E. Haaf et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033470
- Groundwater age distribution in granular and fractured aquifers of the Laurentides region, Eastern Canada, to evaluate the resource sustainability S. Bolduc et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106706
- WaterpyBal: A comprehensive open-source python library for groundwater recharge assessment and water balance modeling A. Hassanzadeh et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105934
- Recharge Estimation Approach in a Data-Scarce Semi-Arid Region, Northern Ethiopian Rift Valley S. Mekonen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215887
- Contribution of standardized indexes to understand groundwater level fluctuations in response to meteorological conditions in cold and humid climates E. Dubois & M. Larocque https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131105
- Dependence of evapotranspiration validity on shallow groundwater in arid area-a three years field observation experiment Y. Rong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108411
19 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Climate Change Impacts on Groundwater Recharge in Cold and Humid Climates: Controlling Processes and Thresholds E. Dubois et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10010006
- Estimating Climate Change’s Impacts on the Recharge of an Ungauged Tropical Aquifer (Togolese Coastal Sedimentary Basin) R. Barry et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16050731
- Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Groundwater Recharge Across a Small Watershed in the California Sierra Nevada Mountains C. Meadows & B. Hagedorn https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.815228
- Combined Impacts of Climate Change and Water Withdrawals on the Water Balance at the Watershed Scale—The Case of the Allier Alluvial Hydrosystem (France) J. Labbe et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043275
- Observed Hydroclimatic Trends and Their Implications Over Water‐Cycle Dynamics in Montérégie, Southern Quebec, Canada J. Mona et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202500564
- Machine learning prediction of effective porosity and water content in unsaturated zones: application to the Merguellil Basin in the arid Mediterranean region of central Tunisia M. Abdelhedi et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207-025-01048-x
- Impact of land cover changes on Long‐Term Regional‐Scale groundwater recharge simulation in cold and humid climates E. Dubois et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14810
- Storyline analytical framework for understanding future severe low-water episodes and their consequences G. Rondeau-Genesse et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-4893-2025
- Fractured and porous aquifer recharge in semiarid regions and the relevance of soil covers: A review for Caetité area, Bahia, Brazil A. Walczuk et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105525
- Regional-Scale Distribution of Helium Isotopes in Aquifers: How Informative Are They as Groundwater Tracers and Chronometers? D. Pinti et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14121940
- Age distribution of groundwater in fractured aquifers of the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Canada) determined by environmental tracers (3H/3He, 85Kr, SF6, CFC-12, 14C) G. Meyzonnat et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-023-02671-0
- Enhancing physically based and distributed hydrological model calibration through internal state variable constraints F. Talbot et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-29-6549-2025
- Comparative evaluation of SWAT and WTF techniques for recharge estimation in the Vea catchment, Ghana C. Okrah et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40899-023-00813-6
- Data‐Driven Estimation of Groundwater Level Time‐Series at Unmonitored Sites Using Comparative Regional Analysis E. Haaf et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033470
- Groundwater age distribution in granular and fractured aquifers of the Laurentides region, Eastern Canada, to evaluate the resource sustainability S. Bolduc et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106706
- WaterpyBal: A comprehensive open-source python library for groundwater recharge assessment and water balance modeling A. Hassanzadeh et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105934
- Recharge Estimation Approach in a Data-Scarce Semi-Arid Region, Northern Ethiopian Rift Valley S. Mekonen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215887
- Contribution of standardized indexes to understand groundwater level fluctuations in response to meteorological conditions in cold and humid climates E. Dubois & M. Larocque https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131105
- Dependence of evapotranspiration validity on shallow groundwater in arid area-a three years field observation experiment Y. Rong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108411
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 15 Jun 2026
Short summary
This work demonstrates the relevance of using a water budget model to understand long-term transient and regional-scale groundwater recharge (GWR) in cold and humid climates where groundwater observations are scarce. Monthly GWR is simulated for 57 years on 500 m x 500 m cells in Canada (36 000 km2 area) with limited uncertainty due to a robust automatic calibration method. The increases in precipitation and temperature since the 1960s have not yet produced significant changes in annual GWR.
This work demonstrates the relevance of using a water budget model to understand long-term...
