Articles | Volume 25, issue 10 
            
                
                    
            
            
            https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5425-2021
                    © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5425-2021
                    © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under 
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
                the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Numerical daemons of hydrological models are summoned by extreme precipitation
Peter T. La Follette
                                            Lynker Technologies, Boulder, Colorado, USA
                                        
                                    
                                            previously at: Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
                                        
                                    Adriaan J. Teuling
                                            Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
                                        
                                    Nans Addor
                                            Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
                                        
                                    Martyn Clark
                                            Coldwater Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan, Canmore, Alberta, Canada
                                        
                                    Koen Jansen
                                            Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
                                        
                                    
                                            Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
                                        
                                    Viewed
                        
                            Total article views: 5,299 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
                        
                            
                                
                                
                            
                                
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            Cumulative views and downloads 
                                         (calculated since 05 Feb 2021)
                        
                        
                            
                                
                            
                    
        
                    
                    | HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,819 | 1,390 | 90 | 5,299 | 170 | 108 | 108 | 
- HTML: 3,819
- PDF: 1,390
- XML: 90
- Total: 5,299
- Supplement: 170
- BibTeX: 108
- EndNote: 108
                        
                            Total article views: 3,513 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
                        
                            
                                
                                
                            
                                
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            Cumulative views and downloads 
                                         (calculated since 12 Oct 2021)
                        
                        
                            
                                
                            
                    
                    
                    | HTML | XML | Total | Supplement | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,721 | 728 | 64 | 3,513 | 170 | 98 | 100 | 
- HTML: 2,721
- PDF: 728
- XML: 64
- Total: 3,513
- Supplement: 170
- BibTeX: 98
- EndNote: 100
                        
                            Total article views: 1,786 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
                        
                            
                                
                                
                            
                                
                                
                            
                        
                        
                            Cumulative views and downloads 
                                         (calculated since 05 Feb 2021)
                        
                        
                            
                                
                            
                    
        
                
            | HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,098 | 662 | 26 | 1,786 | 10 | 8 | 
- HTML: 1,098
- PDF: 662
- XML: 26
- Total: 1,786
- BibTeX: 10
- EndNote: 8
Viewed (geographical distribution)
                                Total article views: 5,299 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
                                
                                Thereof 4,900 with geography defined
                                    and 399 with unknown origin. 
                            
        
                            
                                Total article views: 3,513 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
                                
                                Thereof 3,280 with geography defined
                                    and 233 with unknown origin. 
                            
        
                            
                                Total article views: 1,786 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
                                
                                Thereof 1,620 with geography defined
                                    and 166 with unknown origin. 
                            
                    | Country | # | Views | % | 
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % | 
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % | 
|---|
| Total: | 0 | 
| HTML: | 0 | 
| PDF: | 0 | 
| XML: | 0 | 
- 1
1
                            | Total: | 0 | 
| HTML: | 0 | 
| PDF: | 0 | 
| XML: | 0 | 
- 1
1
                            | Total: | 0 | 
| HTML: | 0 | 
| PDF: | 0 | 
| XML: | 0 | 
- 1
1
                            Cited
14 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Two-dimensional differential form of distributed Xinanjiang model J. Zhao et al. 10.5194/hess-29-3745-2025
- Projecting end-of-century climate extremes and their impacts on the hydrology of a representative California watershed F. Maina et al. 10.5194/hess-26-3589-2022
- A theoretical appraisal of the GR4J rainfall-runoff modelling framework S. Mathias et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134393
- Impacts of Uncontrolled Operator Splitting Methods on Parameter Identification, Prediction Uncertainty, and Subsurface Flux Representation in Conceptual Hydrological Models B. Woldegiorgis et al. 10.1029/2022WR033250
- Technical note: Quadratic Solution of the Approximate Reservoir Equation (QuaSoARe) J. Lerat 10.5194/hess-29-2003-2025
- Why do we have so many different hydrological models? A review based on the case of Switzerland P. Horton et al. 10.1002/wat2.1574
- A Generalized Multistep Dynamic (GMD) TOPMODEL S. Goudarzi et al. 10.1029/2022WR032198
- Landscape Pollution Source Dynamics Highlight Priority Locations for Basin‐Scale Interventions to Protect Water Quality Under Hydroclimatic Variability D. Schaffer‐Smith et al. 10.1029/2022EF003137
- Broadleaf afforestation impacts on terrestrial hydrology insignificant compared to climate change in Great Britain M. Buechel et al. 10.5194/hess-28-2081-2024
- Parameter optimization method of hydrological model based on neural ordinary differential equations Q. Xiangzhao et al. 10.18307/2025.0342
- Recreating the California New Year's Flood Event of 1997 in a Regionally Refined Earth System Model A. Rhoades et al. 10.1029/2023MS003793
- Climate change accelerates water and biogeochemical cycles in temperate agricultural catchments M. Bieroza et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175365
- The numerical error of the Xinanjiang model J. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129324
- Mimicry of a Conceptual Hydrological Model (HBV): What's in a Name? K. Jansen et al. 10.1029/2020WR029143
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Two-dimensional differential form of distributed Xinanjiang model J. Zhao et al. 10.5194/hess-29-3745-2025
- Projecting end-of-century climate extremes and their impacts on the hydrology of a representative California watershed F. Maina et al. 10.5194/hess-26-3589-2022
- A theoretical appraisal of the GR4J rainfall-runoff modelling framework S. Mathias et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134393
- Impacts of Uncontrolled Operator Splitting Methods on Parameter Identification, Prediction Uncertainty, and Subsurface Flux Representation in Conceptual Hydrological Models B. Woldegiorgis et al. 10.1029/2022WR033250
- Technical note: Quadratic Solution of the Approximate Reservoir Equation (QuaSoARe) J. Lerat 10.5194/hess-29-2003-2025
- Why do we have so many different hydrological models? A review based on the case of Switzerland P. Horton et al. 10.1002/wat2.1574
- A Generalized Multistep Dynamic (GMD) TOPMODEL S. Goudarzi et al. 10.1029/2022WR032198
- Landscape Pollution Source Dynamics Highlight Priority Locations for Basin‐Scale Interventions to Protect Water Quality Under Hydroclimatic Variability D. Schaffer‐Smith et al. 10.1029/2022EF003137
- Broadleaf afforestation impacts on terrestrial hydrology insignificant compared to climate change in Great Britain M. Buechel et al. 10.5194/hess-28-2081-2024
- Parameter optimization method of hydrological model based on neural ordinary differential equations Q. Xiangzhao et al. 10.18307/2025.0342
- Recreating the California New Year's Flood Event of 1997 in a Regionally Refined Earth System Model A. Rhoades et al. 10.1029/2023MS003793
- Climate change accelerates water and biogeochemical cycles in temperate agricultural catchments M. Bieroza et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175365
- The numerical error of the Xinanjiang model J. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129324
1 citations as recorded by crossref.
Latest update: 30 Oct 2025
Short summary
            Hydrological models are useful tools that allow us to predict distributions and movement of water. A variety of numerical methods are used by these models. We demonstrate which numerical methods yield large errors when subject to extreme precipitation. As the climate is changing such that extreme precipitation is more common, we find that some numerical methods are better suited for use in hydrological models. Also, we find that many current hydrological models use relatively inaccurate methods.
            Hydrological models are useful tools that allow us to predict distributions and movement of...
            
         
 
                             
                             
             
             
            