Articles | Volume 25, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4495-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4495-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
20 Aug 2021
Research article |
| 20 Aug 2021
| 20 Aug 2021
Sources and pathways of biocides and their transformation products in urban storm water infrastructure of a 2 ha urban district
Felicia Linke
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
Oliver Olsson
Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana
University of Lüneburg, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
Frank Preusser
Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
Klaus Kümmerer
Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana
University of Lüneburg, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
Lena Schnarr
Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana
University of Lüneburg, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany
Marcus Bork
Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
Jens Lange
Hydrology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany
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Cited
22 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Emissions of the Urban Biocide Terbutryn from Facades: The Contribution of Transformation Products T. Junginger et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c08192
- Determining the binding of heavy metals, biocides, and their transformation products with dissolved organic matter – Understanding pollutants interactions in building façade runoff P. Zhu et al. 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117887
- Discharge and fate of biocide residuals to ephemeral stormwater retention pond sediments F. Linke et al. 10.2166/nh.2022.075
- The Impact of Weather Conditions on Biocides in Paints U. Schoknecht & H. Mathies 10.3390/ma15207368
- Non-metal roofing materials as potential sources of pollutants- laboratory leaching studies on various roofing materials J. Udvary et al. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137972
- Aquifer recharge by stormwater infiltration basins: Hydrological and vadose zone characteristics control the impacts of basins on groundwater chemistry and microbiology Y. Lebon et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161115
- Transformation and stable isotope fractionation of the urban biocide terbutryn during biodegradation, photodegradation and abiotic hydrolysis T. Junginger et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135329
- Building surface materials as potential sources of biocides: Insights from laboratory leaching investigations of different material types S. Kohzadi et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143741
- Releases of micropollutants from building surface materials into rainwater and snowmelt induced runoff A. Müller et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138730
- Performance of biochars for the elimination of trace organic contaminants and metals from urban stormwater S. Spahr et al. 10.1039/D1EW00857A
- Biocidal substances in the Seine River: contribution from urban sources in the Paris megacity C. Paijens et al. 10.1039/D2EW00253A
- Emissions and transport of urban biocides from facades to topsoil at the district-scale L. Sereni et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176269
- Transformation and Stable Isotope Fractionation of the Urban Biocide Terbutryn During Biodegradation, Photodegradation and Abiotic Hydrolysis G. Imfeld et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4102663
- Development of LC–MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Emerging Contaminants in Aquatic Matrices L. Ramadan et al. 10.1007/s11270-024-07342-8
- Contamination Pattern and Risk Assessment of Polar Compounds in Snow Melt: An Integrative Proxy of Road Runoffs L. Maurer et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c05784
- Biocides in Soils of Urban Stormwater Infiltration Systems—Indications of Inputs from Point and Non-point Sources F. Linke et al. 10.1007/s11270-023-06613-0
- Temporal trends and sources of organic micropollutants in wastewater K. Kilpinen et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177555
- Active soil microbial composition and proliferation are directly affected by the presence of biocides from building materials F. Reiß et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168689
- Adsorption of Heavy Metals and Biocides from Building Runoff onto Granular Activated Carbon—The Influence of Different Fractions of Dissolved Organic Matter P. Zhu et al. 10.3390/w15112099
- Urban areas as sources of the groundwater contaminants N,N-dimethylsulfamide (N,N-DMS) and 1,2,4-triazole C. Albers et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163377
- Interaction of heavy metals and biocide/herbicide from stormwater runoff of buildings with dissolved organic matter P. Zhu et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152599
- Application, release, ecotoxicological assessment of biocide in building materials and its soil microbial response F. Reiß et al. 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112707
21 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Emissions of the Urban Biocide Terbutryn from Facades: The Contribution of Transformation Products T. Junginger et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c08192
- Determining the binding of heavy metals, biocides, and their transformation products with dissolved organic matter – Understanding pollutants interactions in building façade runoff P. Zhu et al. 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.117887
- Discharge and fate of biocide residuals to ephemeral stormwater retention pond sediments F. Linke et al. 10.2166/nh.2022.075
- The Impact of Weather Conditions on Biocides in Paints U. Schoknecht & H. Mathies 10.3390/ma15207368
- Non-metal roofing materials as potential sources of pollutants- laboratory leaching studies on various roofing materials J. Udvary et al. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137972
- Aquifer recharge by stormwater infiltration basins: Hydrological and vadose zone characteristics control the impacts of basins on groundwater chemistry and microbiology Y. Lebon et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161115
- Transformation and stable isotope fractionation of the urban biocide terbutryn during biodegradation, photodegradation and abiotic hydrolysis T. Junginger et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135329
- Building surface materials as potential sources of biocides: Insights from laboratory leaching investigations of different material types S. Kohzadi et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143741
- Releases of micropollutants from building surface materials into rainwater and snowmelt induced runoff A. Müller et al. 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138730
- Performance of biochars for the elimination of trace organic contaminants and metals from urban stormwater S. Spahr et al. 10.1039/D1EW00857A
- Biocidal substances in the Seine River: contribution from urban sources in the Paris megacity C. Paijens et al. 10.1039/D2EW00253A
- Emissions and transport of urban biocides from facades to topsoil at the district-scale L. Sereni et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176269
- Transformation and Stable Isotope Fractionation of the Urban Biocide Terbutryn During Biodegradation, Photodegradation and Abiotic Hydrolysis G. Imfeld et al. 10.2139/ssrn.4102663
- Development of LC–MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Detection of Emerging Contaminants in Aquatic Matrices L. Ramadan et al. 10.1007/s11270-024-07342-8
- Contamination Pattern and Risk Assessment of Polar Compounds in Snow Melt: An Integrative Proxy of Road Runoffs L. Maurer et al. 10.1021/acs.est.2c05784
- Biocides in Soils of Urban Stormwater Infiltration Systems—Indications of Inputs from Point and Non-point Sources F. Linke et al. 10.1007/s11270-023-06613-0
- Temporal trends and sources of organic micropollutants in wastewater K. Kilpinen et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177555
- Active soil microbial composition and proliferation are directly affected by the presence of biocides from building materials F. Reiß et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168689
- Adsorption of Heavy Metals and Biocides from Building Runoff onto Granular Activated Carbon—The Influence of Different Fractions of Dissolved Organic Matter P. Zhu et al. 10.3390/w15112099
- Urban areas as sources of the groundwater contaminants N,N-dimethylsulfamide (N,N-DMS) and 1,2,4-triazole C. Albers et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163377
- Interaction of heavy metals and biocide/herbicide from stormwater runoff of buildings with dissolved organic matter P. Zhu et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152599
Latest update: 10 Jul 2025
Short summary
We used a two-step approach with limited sampling effort in existing storm water infrastructure to illustrate the risk of biocide emission in a 2 ha urban area 13 years after construction had ended. First samples at a swale confirmed the overall relevance of biocide pollution. Then we identified sources where biocides were used for film protection and pathways where transformation products were formed. Our results suggest that biocide pollution is a also continuous risk in aging urban areas.
We used a two-step approach with limited sampling effort in existing storm water infrastructure...
