Articles | Volume 25, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4455-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-4455-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
19 Aug 2021
Research article |
| 19 Aug 2021
| 19 Aug 2021
Snowpack dynamics in the Lebanese mountains from quasi-dynamically downscaled ERA5 reanalysis updated by assimilating remotely sensed fractional snow-covered area
Esteban Alonso-González
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Spanish Research Council
(IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza, Spain
Ethan Gutmann
Research Application Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research (RAL-NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA
Kristoffer Aalstad
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Abbas Fayad
Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan, Canada
Marine Bouchet
Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère (CESBIO),
UPS/CNRS/IRD/INRA/CNES, Toulouse, France
Simon Gascoin
Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphère (CESBIO),
UPS/CNRS/IRD/INRA/CNES, Toulouse, France
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- Snow sensitivity to temperature and precipitation change during compound cold–hot and wet–dry seasons in the Pyrenees J. Bonsoms et al. 10.5194/tc-17-1307-2023
- Exploring the potential of thermal infrared remote sensing to improve a snowpack model through an observing system simulation experiment E. Alonso-González et al. 10.5194/tc-17-3329-2023
- Scale Dependence of Errors in Snow Water Equivalent Simulations Using ERA5 Reanalysis over Alpine Basins S. Shrestha et al. 10.3390/cli11070154
- Understanding the Snow Cover Climatology over Turkey from ERA5-Land Reanalysis Data and MODIS Snow Cover Frequency Product Z. Akyurek et al. 10.3390/geosciences13100311
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- An environmental synoptic analysis of tropical transitions in the central and Eastern North Atlantic C. Calvo-Sancho et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106353
- Spatio-temporal information propagation using sparse observations in hyper-resolution ensemble-based snow data assimilation E. Alonso-González et al. 10.5194/hess-27-4637-2023
- Marginal snowpacks: The basis for a global definition and existing research needs J. López-Moreno et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104751
- Recent Patterns and Trends of Snow Cover (2000–2023) in the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain) from Satellite Imagery Using Google Earth Engine A. Melón-Nava 10.3390/rs16193592
- Spatial Downscaling of MODIS Snow Cover Observations Using Sentinel-2 Snow Products J. Revuelto et al. 10.3390/rs13224513
- Ground- and Satellite-Based Evaluation of WRF Snowfall Prediction J. Lee et al. 10.2151/sola.2022-028
- Inferring surface energy fluxes using drone data assimilation in large eddy simulations N. Pirk et al. 10.5194/amt-15-7293-2022
- Exploring how Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack models B. Cluzet et al. 10.5194/tc-18-5753-2024
- Investigating Extreme Snowfall Changes in China Based on an Ensemble of High-Resolution Regional Climate Models J. Zhu et al. 10.3390/su15053878
- The CryoGrid community model (version 1.0) – a multi-physics toolbox for climate-driven simulations in the terrestrial cryosphere S. Westermann et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-2607-2023
- Assessing the performance of the HARMONIE-AROME and WRF-ARW numerical models in North Atlantic Tropical Transitions C. Calvo-Sancho et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106801
- Assessment of MERRA-2 and ERA5 to Model the Snow Water Equivalent in the High Atlas (1981–2019) M. Baba et al. 10.3390/w13070890
- CrocO_v1.0: a particle filter to assimilate snowpack observations in a spatialised framework B. Cluzet et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1595-2021
- A process-based evaluation of the Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research Model (ICAR) 1.0.1 J. Horak et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1657-2021
18 citations as recorded by crossref.
- TopoCLIM: rapid topography-based downscaling of regional climate model output in complex terrain v1.1 J. Fiddes et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-1753-2022
- Observed and predicted trends in Icelandic snow conditions for the period 1930–2100 D. Eythorsson et al. 10.5194/tc-17-51-2023
- Snow sensitivity to temperature and precipitation change during compound cold–hot and wet–dry seasons in the Pyrenees J. Bonsoms et al. 10.5194/tc-17-1307-2023
- Exploring the potential of thermal infrared remote sensing to improve a snowpack model through an observing system simulation experiment E. Alonso-González et al. 10.5194/tc-17-3329-2023
- Scale Dependence of Errors in Snow Water Equivalent Simulations Using ERA5 Reanalysis over Alpine Basins S. Shrestha et al. 10.3390/cli11070154
- Understanding the Snow Cover Climatology over Turkey from ERA5-Land Reanalysis Data and MODIS Snow Cover Frequency Product Z. Akyurek et al. 10.3390/geosciences13100311
- The Multiple Snow Data Assimilation System (MuSA v1.0) E. Alonso-González et al. 10.5194/gmd-15-9127-2022
- An environmental synoptic analysis of tropical transitions in the central and Eastern North Atlantic C. Calvo-Sancho et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106353
- Spatio-temporal information propagation using sparse observations in hyper-resolution ensemble-based snow data assimilation E. Alonso-González et al. 10.5194/hess-27-4637-2023
- Marginal snowpacks: The basis for a global definition and existing research needs J. López-Moreno et al. 10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104751
- Recent Patterns and Trends of Snow Cover (2000–2023) in the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain) from Satellite Imagery Using Google Earth Engine A. Melón-Nava 10.3390/rs16193592
- Spatial Downscaling of MODIS Snow Cover Observations Using Sentinel-2 Snow Products J. Revuelto et al. 10.3390/rs13224513
- Ground- and Satellite-Based Evaluation of WRF Snowfall Prediction J. Lee et al. 10.2151/sola.2022-028
- Inferring surface energy fluxes using drone data assimilation in large eddy simulations N. Pirk et al. 10.5194/amt-15-7293-2022
- Exploring how Sentinel-1 wet-snow maps can inform fully distributed physically based snowpack models B. Cluzet et al. 10.5194/tc-18-5753-2024
- Investigating Extreme Snowfall Changes in China Based on an Ensemble of High-Resolution Regional Climate Models J. Zhu et al. 10.3390/su15053878
- The CryoGrid community model (version 1.0) – a multi-physics toolbox for climate-driven simulations in the terrestrial cryosphere S. Westermann et al. 10.5194/gmd-16-2607-2023
- Assessing the performance of the HARMONIE-AROME and WRF-ARW numerical models in North Atlantic Tropical Transitions C. Calvo-Sancho et al. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2023.106801
3 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Assessment of MERRA-2 and ERA5 to Model the Snow Water Equivalent in the High Atlas (1981–2019) M. Baba et al. 10.3390/w13070890
- CrocO_v1.0: a particle filter to assimilate snowpack observations in a spatialised framework B. Cluzet et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1595-2021
- A process-based evaluation of the Intermediate Complexity Atmospheric Research Model (ICAR) 1.0.1 J. Horak et al. 10.5194/gmd-14-1657-2021
Latest update: 13 Jul 2025
Short summary
Snow water resources represent a key hydrological resource for the Mediterranean regions, where most of the precipitation falls during the winter months. This is the case for Lebanon, where snowpack represents 31 % of the spring flow. We have used models to generate snow information corrected by means of remote sensing snow cover retrievals. Our results highlight the high temporal variability in the snowpack in Lebanon and its sensitivity to further warming caused by its hypsography.
Snow water resources represent a key hydrological resource for the Mediterranean regions, where...
