Articles | Volume 25, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3759-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3759-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Jul 2021
Research article |
| 01 Jul 2021
| 01 Jul 2021
Classifying compound coastal storm and heavy rainfall events in the north-western Spanish Mediterranean
Laboratori d'Enginyeria Marítima, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1–3, Campus Nord ed. D1, Barcelona 08034, Spain
Tomeu Rigo
Servei Meteorològic de Catalunya, C. Berlin, 38–46, Barcelona 08029, Spain
José A. Jiménez
Laboratori d'Enginyeria Marítima, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech, c/Jordi Girona 1–3, Campus Nord ed. D1, Barcelona 08034, Spain
M. Carmen Llasat
GAMA, Department of Applied Physics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Cited
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Local authorities or national frameworks? A global review on coastal protection policies I. Toledo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101119
- Machine Learning-Based Forecasting of Wastewater Inflow During Rain Events at a Spanish Mediterranean Coastal WWTPs A. González Barberá et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17223225
- A composite index framework for compound flood risk assessment J. Del-Rosal-Salido et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02331-z
- School climate assemblies: an educational tool for empowering pupils and youth to take climate and sustainability action G. Cebrián et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-024-01583-6
- Mapping cumulative compound hydrometeorological and marine-induced risks on the NW Mediterranean coast R. Romero-Martín et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53899-z
- Identifying hotspots and impact factors of multi-type compound events over major global river basins L. Zou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135181
- Compounding Effects of Fluvial Flooding and Storm Tides on Coastal Flooding Risk in the Coastal-Estuarine Region of Southeastern China W. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020238
- Evaluación del riesgo de inundación: estado actual y perspectivas futuras en España P. Molina-López et al. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.24696
- Rainfall and wave storms interdependence in the western Spanish Mediterranean coast M. Aguilera-Vidal et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102873
- A European database of resources on coastal storm impacts P. Souto-Ceccon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1041-2025
- Early adolescents’ visions of the future: towards hopeful and sustainable futures? A. Corres et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1501126
- Mediterranean marine heatwaves intensify in the presence of concurrent atmospheric heatwaves F. Pastor et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01982-8
- A holistic asset-level modelling framework for a comprehensive multi-hazard risk/impact assessment: Insights from the ICARIA project M. Leone et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105319
- Assessing the skill of high-impact weather forecasts in southern South America: a study on cut-off lows B. Choquehuanca et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-317-2025
- Climate change and brain health, a risk management approach focusing on the European region: A narrative review J. Reis et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2026.125836
- Doing nothing is no solution: Coastal erosion management in Guardamar del Segura (Spain) I. Toledo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106340
- Assessing the potential of compound extreme storm surge and precipitation along China's coastline Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100702
- How compound flood drivers have changed over time in the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean) M. Aguilera-Vidal et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2026.100917
- Socio-Economic Impacts of Pluvial Floods in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona in a Climate Change Context À. de la Cruz-Coronas et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18094530
- Quantitative Stress Test of Compound Coastal‐Fluvial Floods in China's Pearl River Delta J. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002638
- Improving Climate Resilience of Critical Assets: The ICARIA Project B. Russo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914090
- Unveiling the role of storm surges as a driver of flooding on the western Mediterranean: a case study of the Ebro Delta R. Romero-Martín et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06984-5
- Compound Precipitation and Wind Extremes in the Eastern Part of the Baltic Sea Region L. Klimavičius et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16030276
- Artificial intelligence for climate prediction of extremes: State of the art, challenges, and future perspectives S. Materia et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.914
- Synoptic weather patterns conducive to compound extreme rainfall–wave events in the NW Mediterranean M. Sanuy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-283-2024
25 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Local authorities or national frameworks? A global review on coastal protection policies I. Toledo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2024.101119
- Machine Learning-Based Forecasting of Wastewater Inflow During Rain Events at a Spanish Mediterranean Coastal WWTPs A. González Barberá et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17223225
- A composite index framework for compound flood risk assessment J. Del-Rosal-Salido et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02331-z
- School climate assemblies: an educational tool for empowering pupils and youth to take climate and sustainability action G. Cebrián et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-024-01583-6
- Mapping cumulative compound hydrometeorological and marine-induced risks on the NW Mediterranean coast R. Romero-Martín et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53899-z
- Identifying hotspots and impact factors of multi-type compound events over major global river basins L. Zou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135181
- Compounding Effects of Fluvial Flooding and Storm Tides on Coastal Flooding Risk in the Coastal-Estuarine Region of Southeastern China W. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020238
- Evaluación del riesgo de inundación: estado actual y perspectivas futuras en España P. Molina-López et al. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.24696
- Rainfall and wave storms interdependence in the western Spanish Mediterranean coast M. Aguilera-Vidal et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102873
- A European database of resources on coastal storm impacts P. Souto-Ceccon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-17-1041-2025
- Early adolescents’ visions of the future: towards hopeful and sustainable futures? A. Corres et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2024.1501126
- Mediterranean marine heatwaves intensify in the presence of concurrent atmospheric heatwaves F. Pastor et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01982-8
- A holistic asset-level modelling framework for a comprehensive multi-hazard risk/impact assessment: Insights from the ICARIA project M. Leone et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105319
- Assessing the skill of high-impact weather forecasts in southern South America: a study on cut-off lows B. Choquehuanca et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/wcd-6-317-2025
- Climate change and brain health, a risk management approach focusing on the European region: A narrative review J. Reis et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2026.125836
- Doing nothing is no solution: Coastal erosion management in Guardamar del Segura (Spain) I. Toledo et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106340
- Assessing the potential of compound extreme storm surge and precipitation along China's coastline Y. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2024.100702
- How compound flood drivers have changed over time in the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean) M. Aguilera-Vidal et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wace.2026.100917
- Socio-Economic Impacts of Pluvial Floods in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona in a Climate Change Context À. de la Cruz-Coronas et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18094530
- Quantitative Stress Test of Compound Coastal‐Fluvial Floods in China's Pearl River Delta J. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002638
- Improving Climate Resilience of Critical Assets: The ICARIA Project B. Russo et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914090
- Unveiling the role of storm surges as a driver of flooding on the western Mediterranean: a case study of the Ebro Delta R. Romero-Martín et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-024-06984-5
- Compound Precipitation and Wind Extremes in the Eastern Part of the Baltic Sea Region L. Klimavičius et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16030276
- Artificial intelligence for climate prediction of extremes: State of the art, challenges, and future perspectives S. Materia et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.914
- Synoptic weather patterns conducive to compound extreme rainfall–wave events in the NW Mediterranean M. Sanuy et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-283-2024
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 28 May 2026
Short summary
This paper is a preliminary study to characterize events of simultaneous heavy rainfall and damaging waves at the regional scale (~600 km of coastline) in the NW Mediterranean. The atmospheric pressure conditions of such events are also classified into three main weather types, which are characterized in terms of severity of the forcing and probability of co-occurrence of simultaneous hazardous waves and rain. The study also presents some historical cases that are compared with obtained results.
This paper is a preliminary study to characterize events of simultaneous heavy rainfall and...
