Articles | Volume 25, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3163-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-3163-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
10 Jun 2021
Research article |
| 10 Jun 2021
| 10 Jun 2021
Contrasting hydrological and thermal intensities determine seasonal lake-level variations – a case study at Paiku Co on the southern Tibetan Plateau
Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface
Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Tandong Yao
Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface
Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Kun Yang
Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface
Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing
10084, China
Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface
Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
Yaoming Ma
Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface
Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth System Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Broxton W. Bird
Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University–Purdue University
Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Cited
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Timing and climatic drivers for the MIS 6 glaciation in the central Himalaya: 10Be surface exposure dating of hummocky moraine northwest of Mt. Gang Benchhen, Paiku Gangri G. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111230
- The Evolution and Drivers of Hydrochemistry in Nam Co Lake, the Third Largest Lake on the Tibetan Plateau, over the Last 20 Years W. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052180
- Dynamic conversion coefficients improve alpine lake daily evaporation estimation based on multi-evaporator observations F. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135333
- 10Be glacial chronology and driving factors in the southeastern Tibetan plateau during the past two glacial cycles W. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2026.110303
- Analysis of Lake Stratification and Mixing and Its Influencing Factors over High Elevation Large and Small Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau B. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15112094
- Holocene aeolian-fluvial interactions patterns and their response to climate changes in the Paiku Co basin, Southern Tibetan Plateau W. Yuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836241285782
- Analysis of Ice Phenology of Middle and Large Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau L. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031661
- 2000~2022年青藏高原湖泊表面温度变化及其驱动因素 元. 邱 et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/SSTe-2024-0186
- Long-term changes and attribution of lake water levels on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by multisource satellite altimetry data Z. Dou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2026.100523
- Lake Evaporation and Its Effects on Basin Evapotranspiration and Lake Water Storage on the Inner Tibetan Plateau L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR034030
- Late-glacial fluctuations of Himalayan glaciers: 10Be surface exposure dating northwest of Mt. Gang Benchhen G. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2024.101499
- Summer Lake Destratification Phenomenon: A Peculiar Deep Lake on the Tibetan Plateau R. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.839151
- Critical Role of Groundwater Inflow in Sustaining Lake Water Balance on the Western Tibetan Plateau Y. Lei et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099268
- ENSO-driven hydroclimate changes in central Tibetan Plateau since middle Holocene: Evidence from Zhari Namco’s lake sediments C. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108593
- Hydrological imbalance in Nam Co Lake, the third-largest lake on the Tibetan Plateau W. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133956
- Thermodynamics and its drivers of Mang Co: A high-altitude freshwater lake in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau H. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102840
- Evaluation of the energy budget of thermokarst lake in permafrost regions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Z. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.06.009
- A Strict Validation of MODIS Lake Surface Water Temperature on the Tibetan Plateau . Lazhu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215454
- A Quantification of Heat Storage Change-Based Evaporation Behavior in Middle–Large-Sized Lakes in the Inland of the Tibetan Plateau and Their Temporal and Spatial Variations B. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143460
- Meteorological forcing and hydrological connectivity together control the thermal regime of Xiangxi Bay, a tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir X. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128276
- Characteristics of Energy Fluxes and Cold Frontal Effects on Energy Exchange over a Boreal Lake L. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-3214-y
- Importance of fluvial inflows in the intra-lake heterogeneity of surface water temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau B. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01083-z
- Physical and biogeochemical responses of Tibetan Plateau lakes to climate change L. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-025-00650-5
- Changes in lake surface temperature on the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2022 and their driving factors Y. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-024-1527-4
- Recent ground thermo-hydrological changes in a southern Tibetan endorheic catchment and implications for lake level changes L. Martin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4409-2023
- Brief communication: Sharp precipitation gradient on the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau during cold season T. Biget et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5863-2025
- Quantifying lake heat storage’s impacts on lake evaporation for an alpine deep lake lacking water-temperature-profile observation F. Zhang & X. Zhang https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132791
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Timing and climatic drivers for the MIS 6 glaciation in the central Himalaya: 10Be surface exposure dating of hummocky moraine northwest of Mt. Gang Benchhen, Paiku Gangri G. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.111230
- The Evolution and Drivers of Hydrochemistry in Nam Co Lake, the Third Largest Lake on the Tibetan Plateau, over the Last 20 Years W. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052180
- Dynamic conversion coefficients improve alpine lake daily evaporation estimation based on multi-evaporator observations F. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135333
- 10Be glacial chronology and driving factors in the southeastern Tibetan plateau during the past two glacial cycles W. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2026.110303
- Analysis of Lake Stratification and Mixing and Its Influencing Factors over High Elevation Large and Small Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau B. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15112094
- Holocene aeolian-fluvial interactions patterns and their response to climate changes in the Paiku Co basin, Southern Tibetan Plateau W. Yuan et al. https://doi.org/10.1177/09596836241285782
- Analysis of Ice Phenology of Middle and Large Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau L. Sun et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031661
- 2000~2022年青藏高原湖泊表面温度变化及其驱动因素 元. 邱 et al. https://doi.org/10.1360/SSTe-2024-0186
- Long-term changes and attribution of lake water levels on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by multisource satellite altimetry data Z. Dou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srs.2026.100523
- Lake Evaporation and Its Effects on Basin Evapotranspiration and Lake Water Storage on the Inner Tibetan Plateau L. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR034030
- Late-glacial fluctuations of Himalayan glaciers: 10Be surface exposure dating northwest of Mt. Gang Benchhen G. Dong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2024.101499
- Summer Lake Destratification Phenomenon: A Peculiar Deep Lake on the Tibetan Plateau R. Su et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.839151
- Critical Role of Groundwater Inflow in Sustaining Lake Water Balance on the Western Tibetan Plateau Y. Lei et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL099268
- ENSO-driven hydroclimate changes in central Tibetan Plateau since middle Holocene: Evidence from Zhari Namco’s lake sediments C. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108593
- Hydrological imbalance in Nam Co Lake, the third-largest lake on the Tibetan Plateau W. Ren et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133956
- Thermodynamics and its drivers of Mang Co: A high-altitude freshwater lake in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau H. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102840
- Evaluation of the energy budget of thermokarst lake in permafrost regions of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Z. Gao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accre.2024.06.009
- A Strict Validation of MODIS Lake Surface Water Temperature on the Tibetan Plateau . Lazhu et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215454
- A Quantification of Heat Storage Change-Based Evaporation Behavior in Middle–Large-Sized Lakes in the Inland of the Tibetan Plateau and Their Temporal and Spatial Variations B. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143460
- Meteorological forcing and hydrological connectivity together control the thermal regime of Xiangxi Bay, a tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir X. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128276
- Characteristics of Energy Fluxes and Cold Frontal Effects on Energy Exchange over a Boreal Lake L. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-024-3214-y
- Importance of fluvial inflows in the intra-lake heterogeneity of surface water temperatures on the Tibetan Plateau B. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01083-z
- Physical and biogeochemical responses of Tibetan Plateau lakes to climate change L. Zhu et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-025-00650-5
- Changes in lake surface temperature on the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2022 and their driving factors Y. Qiu et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-024-1527-4
- Recent ground thermo-hydrological changes in a southern Tibetan endorheic catchment and implications for lake level changes L. Martin et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-27-4409-2023
- Brief communication: Sharp precipitation gradient on the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau during cold season T. Biget et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5863-2025
- Quantifying lake heat storage’s impacts on lake evaporation for an alpine deep lake lacking water-temperature-profile observation F. Zhang & X. Zhang https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132791
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 22 Oct 2026
Short summary
Lake evaporation from Paiku Co on the TP is low in spring and summer and high in autumn and early winter. There is a ~ 5-month lag between net radiation and evaporation due to large lake heat storage. High evaporation and low inflow cause significant lake-level decrease in autumn and early winter, while low evaporation and high inflow cause considerable lake-level increase in summer. This study implies that evaporation can affect the different amplitudes of lake-level variations on the TP.
Lake evaporation from Paiku Co on the TP is low in spring and summer and high in autumn and...
