Articles | Volume 24, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1927-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1927-2020
© Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Global assessment of how averaging over spatial heterogeneity in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration affects modeled evapotranspiration rates
Elham Rouholahnejad Freund
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
Ying Fan
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, USA
James W. Kirchner
Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Cited
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Water accounting under climate change in the transboundary Volta River Basin with a spatially calibrated hydrological model M. Dembélé et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130092
- Spatial Patterns in Actual Evapotranspiration Climatologies for Europe S. Stisen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122410
- Contribution of changes in vegetation composition and climate variability on streamflow across the global watersheds X. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107394
- Developing a pan-European high-resolution groundwater recharge map – Combining satellite data and national survey data using machine learning G. Martinsen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153464
- Averaging over spatiotemporal heterogeneity substantially biases evapotranspiration rates in a mechanistic large-scale land evaporation model E. Rouholahnejad Freund et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5015-2020
- SMAP-HydroBlocks, a 30-m satellite-based soil moisture dataset for the conterminous US N. Vergopolan et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-01050-2
- Evapotranspiration estimates for two tropical mountain forest using high spatial resolution satellite data P. Núñez et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2020.1864058
- Attribution of Evapotranspiration Variation in the Yellow River Basin with a Simplified Water–Energy Partitioning Method Based on Multi-Source Datasets D. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18091429
- Precipitation changes and its interaction with terrestrial water storage determine water yield variability in the world's water towers T. Ning et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163285
- Altitudinal gradient patterns and community assembly mechanisms of birds in the eastern Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China C. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2026.100437
- High‐Resolution Soil Moisture Data Reveal Complex Multi‐Scale Spatial Variability Across the United States N. Vergopolan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098586
- Predicted suitable habitat distribution of major Larix species in the Northern Hemisphere under climate change scenarios S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae2a54
- Relationships among forest type, watershed characteristics, and watershed ET in rural basins of the Southeastern US S. Younger et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125316
- Estimating water balance in a Brazilian semiarid watershed using different spatial data A. Kolling Neto et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2024.104930
- Improving regional low-flow modeling in ungauged French catchments using the SMASH platform: A comparative assessment of grid-based parsimonious GR hydrological models and ANN-based regionalization strategies T. de Fournas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103629
15 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Water accounting under climate change in the transboundary Volta River Basin with a spatially calibrated hydrological model M. Dembélé et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130092
- Spatial Patterns in Actual Evapotranspiration Climatologies for Europe S. Stisen et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13122410
- Contribution of changes in vegetation composition and climate variability on streamflow across the global watersheds X. Tan et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107394
- Developing a pan-European high-resolution groundwater recharge map – Combining satellite data and national survey data using machine learning G. Martinsen et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153464
- Averaging over spatiotemporal heterogeneity substantially biases evapotranspiration rates in a mechanistic large-scale land evaporation model E. Rouholahnejad Freund et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-5015-2020
- SMAP-HydroBlocks, a 30-m satellite-based soil moisture dataset for the conterminous US N. Vergopolan et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-01050-2
- Evapotranspiration estimates for two tropical mountain forest using high spatial resolution satellite data P. Núñez et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2020.1864058
- Attribution of Evapotranspiration Variation in the Yellow River Basin with a Simplified Water–Energy Partitioning Method Based on Multi-Source Datasets D. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18091429
- Precipitation changes and its interaction with terrestrial water storage determine water yield variability in the world's water towers T. Ning et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163285
- Altitudinal gradient patterns and community assembly mechanisms of birds in the eastern Kunlun Mountains, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China C. Tian et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2026.100437
- High‐Resolution Soil Moisture Data Reveal Complex Multi‐Scale Spatial Variability Across the United States N. Vergopolan et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098586
- Predicted suitable habitat distribution of major Larix species in the Northern Hemisphere under climate change scenarios S. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ae2a54
- Relationships among forest type, watershed characteristics, and watershed ET in rural basins of the Southeastern US S. Younger et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125316
- Estimating water balance in a Brazilian semiarid watershed using different spatial data A. Kolling Neto et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2024.104930
- Improving regional low-flow modeling in ungauged French catchments using the SMASH platform: A comparative assessment of grid-based parsimonious GR hydrological models and ANN-based regionalization strategies T. de Fournas et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103629
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 28 Oct 2026
Short summary
Evapotranspiration (ET) rates and properties that regulate them are spatially heterogeneous. Averaging over spatial heterogeneity in precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) as the main drivers of ET may lead to biased estimates of energy and water fluxes from the land to the atmosphere. We show that this bias is largest in mountainous terrains, in regions with temperate climates and dry summers, and in landscapes where spatial variations in P and PET are inversely correlated.
Evapotranspiration (ET) rates and properties that regulate them are spatially heterogeneous....
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