Articles | Volume 23, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3155-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-3155-2019
© Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
31 Jul 2019
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 31 Jul 2019
| 31 Jul 2019
A salinity module for SWAT to simulate salt ion fate and transport at the watershed scale
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State
University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372, USA
Saman Tavakoli-Kivi
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State
University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372, USA
Xiaolu Wei
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State
University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1372, USA
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Cited
30 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Stream salinity prediction in data-scarce regions: Application of transfer learning and uncertainty quantification K. Khodkar et al. 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104418
- Mutual impact of salinity and climate change on crop production water footprint in a semi-arid agricultural watershed: Application of SWAT-MODFLOW-Salt P. Hosseini & R. Bailey 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176973
- Simulation of water and salt transport in the Kaidu River Irrigation District using the modified SWAT-Salt D. Jiang et al. 10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107845
- Study on Water and Salt Transport under Different Subsurface Pipe Arrangement Conditions in Severe Saline–Alkali Land in Hetao Irrigation District with DRAINMOD Model F. Tian et al. 10.3390/w15163001
- SWATLitho: A hydrogeochemical model to estimate daily geochemical loads at the catchment scale J. Lechuga-Crespo et al. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104893
- Gaps in Water Quality Modeling of Hydrologic Systems L. Lucas et al. 10.3390/w17081200
- Upper limits for road salt pollution in lakes C. Solomon et al. 10.1002/lol2.10339
- Water, Salt, and Ion Transport and Its Response to Water-Saving Irrigation in the Hetao Irrigation District Based on the SWAT-Salt Model C. Ao et al. 10.3390/agronomy14050953
- Hydrologic Analysis of an Intensively Irrigated Area in Southern Peru Using a Crop-Field Scale Framework X. Wei et al. 10.3390/w13030318
- Evaluating nitrate and phosphorus remediation in intensively irrigated stream-aquifer systems using a coupled flow and reactive transport model X. Wei & R. Bailey 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126304
- Simulating salinity transport in High-Desert landscapes using APEX-MODFLOW-Salt R. Bailey et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127873
- Simulating the effect of subsurface tile drainage on watershed salinity using SWAT H. Addab & R. Bailey 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107431
- Quantifying the impact of climate extremes on salt mobilization and loading in non-developed, high-desert landscapes using SWAT E. Henson & R. Bailey 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104107
- Salt Dilution and Flushing Dynamics of an Impaired Agricultural–Urban Stream V. Lakoba et al. 10.1021/acsestwater.0c00160
- An integrated framework for simultaneously modeling primary and secondary salinity at a watershed scale M. Maleki Tirabadi et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128171
- Assessing controls on selenium fate and transport in watersheds using the SWAT model P. Neupane et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140318
- Comprehensive simulation of salinity transport in irrigated watersheds using an updated version of SWAT-MODFLOW R. Bailey & P. Hosseini 10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105566
- SWAT-S: A SWAT-salinity module for watershed-scale modeling of natural salinity M. Maleki Tirabadi et al. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104906
- Identifying Seasonal Accumulation of Soil Salinity with Three-Dimensional Mapping—A Case Study in Cold and Semiarid Irrigated Fields Q. Liu et al. 10.3390/su12166645
- Review: Modeling the Effects of Salinity and Sodicity in Agricultural Systems I. Kramer & Y. Mau 10.1029/2023WR034750
- Evaluation of best management practices for controlling water pollution in an arid irrigation district T. Wei et al. 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109462
- Investigating the controlling factors on salinity in soil, groundwater, and river water in a semi-arid agricultural watershed using SWAT-Salt P. Hosseini & R. Bailey 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152293
- SWAT-SF: A flexible SWAT-based model for watershed-scale water and soil salinity modeling M. Maleki Tirabadi et al. 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103893
- Progress and Prospect of Saline-Alkaline Soil Management Technology: A Review Z. Li et al. 10.3390/app15084567
- Spatiotemporal Simulation of Nitrate, Phosphate, and Salinity in the Unsaturated Zone for an Irrigation District West of Iran Using SWAP-ANIMO Model I. Sabzzadeh & S. Alimohammadi 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002231
- Impacts of Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Soil Salinity, Nutrient Cycling, and Landscape Plant Growth in a Coastal Monsoon Environment Y. Li et al. 10.3390/w17030337
- Salt transport in a large agro-urban river basin: Modeling, controlling factors, and management strategies C. Hocking & R. Bailey 10.3389/frwa.2022.945682
- Quantifying climate change impacts on future water resources and salinity transport in a high semi-arid watershed J. Balakrishnan et al. 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104289
- Modeling arid/semi-arid irrigated agricultural watersheds with SWAT: Applications, challenges, and solution strategies M. Samimi et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125418
- Impact of climate change on the hydrology and water salinity in the Anzali Wetland, northern Iran M. Naderi & M. Saatsaz 10.1080/02626667.2019.1704761
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Stream salinity prediction in data-scarce regions: Application of transfer learning and uncertainty quantification K. Khodkar et al. 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2024.104418
- Mutual impact of salinity and climate change on crop production water footprint in a semi-arid agricultural watershed: Application of SWAT-MODFLOW-Salt P. Hosseini & R. Bailey 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176973
- Simulation of water and salt transport in the Kaidu River Irrigation District using the modified SWAT-Salt D. Jiang et al. 10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107845
- Study on Water and Salt Transport under Different Subsurface Pipe Arrangement Conditions in Severe Saline–Alkali Land in Hetao Irrigation District with DRAINMOD Model F. Tian et al. 10.3390/w15163001
- SWATLitho: A hydrogeochemical model to estimate daily geochemical loads at the catchment scale J. Lechuga-Crespo et al. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104893
- Gaps in Water Quality Modeling of Hydrologic Systems L. Lucas et al. 10.3390/w17081200
- Upper limits for road salt pollution in lakes C. Solomon et al. 10.1002/lol2.10339
- Water, Salt, and Ion Transport and Its Response to Water-Saving Irrigation in the Hetao Irrigation District Based on the SWAT-Salt Model C. Ao et al. 10.3390/agronomy14050953
- Hydrologic Analysis of an Intensively Irrigated Area in Southern Peru Using a Crop-Field Scale Framework X. Wei et al. 10.3390/w13030318
- Evaluating nitrate and phosphorus remediation in intensively irrigated stream-aquifer systems using a coupled flow and reactive transport model X. Wei & R. Bailey 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126304
- Simulating salinity transport in High-Desert landscapes using APEX-MODFLOW-Salt R. Bailey et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127873
- Simulating the effect of subsurface tile drainage on watershed salinity using SWAT H. Addab & R. Bailey 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107431
- Quantifying the impact of climate extremes on salt mobilization and loading in non-developed, high-desert landscapes using SWAT E. Henson & R. Bailey 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104107
- Salt Dilution and Flushing Dynamics of an Impaired Agricultural–Urban Stream V. Lakoba et al. 10.1021/acsestwater.0c00160
- An integrated framework for simultaneously modeling primary and secondary salinity at a watershed scale M. Maleki Tirabadi et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128171
- Assessing controls on selenium fate and transport in watersheds using the SWAT model P. Neupane et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140318
- Comprehensive simulation of salinity transport in irrigated watersheds using an updated version of SWAT-MODFLOW R. Bailey & P. Hosseini 10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105566
- SWAT-S: A SWAT-salinity module for watershed-scale modeling of natural salinity M. Maleki Tirabadi et al. 10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104906
- Identifying Seasonal Accumulation of Soil Salinity with Three-Dimensional Mapping—A Case Study in Cold and Semiarid Irrigated Fields Q. Liu et al. 10.3390/su12166645
- Review: Modeling the Effects of Salinity and Sodicity in Agricultural Systems I. Kramer & Y. Mau 10.1029/2023WR034750
- Evaluation of best management practices for controlling water pollution in an arid irrigation district T. Wei et al. 10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109462
- Investigating the controlling factors on salinity in soil, groundwater, and river water in a semi-arid agricultural watershed using SWAT-Salt P. Hosseini & R. Bailey 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152293
- SWAT-SF: A flexible SWAT-based model for watershed-scale water and soil salinity modeling M. Maleki Tirabadi et al. 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103893
- Progress and Prospect of Saline-Alkaline Soil Management Technology: A Review Z. Li et al. 10.3390/app15084567
- Spatiotemporal Simulation of Nitrate, Phosphate, and Salinity in the Unsaturated Zone for an Irrigation District West of Iran Using SWAP-ANIMO Model I. Sabzzadeh & S. Alimohammadi 10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002231
- Impacts of Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Soil Salinity, Nutrient Cycling, and Landscape Plant Growth in a Coastal Monsoon Environment Y. Li et al. 10.3390/w17030337
- Salt transport in a large agro-urban river basin: Modeling, controlling factors, and management strategies C. Hocking & R. Bailey 10.3389/frwa.2022.945682
- Quantifying climate change impacts on future water resources and salinity transport in a high semi-arid watershed J. Balakrishnan et al. 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2023.104289
- Modeling arid/semi-arid irrigated agricultural watersheds with SWAT: Applications, challenges, and solution strategies M. Samimi et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125418
Latest update: 03 Jul 2025
Short summary
Salinity is one of the most common water quality threats in river basins and irrigated regions worldwide. Available watershed models, however, do not simulate the fate and transport of salt species. This paper presents a modified version of the popular SWAT watershed model that simulates the transport of major salt ions in a watershed system. Salt is transported via surface runoff, soil percolation, groundwater flow, and streamflow. The model can be used in salt-affected watersheds worldwide.
Salinity is one of the most common water quality threats in river basins and irrigated regions...
