Articles | Volume 22, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3391-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-3391-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
21 Jun 2018
Research article |
| 21 Jun 2018
| 21 Jun 2018
Evaluation of the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting model to reproduce a sub-daily extreme rainfall event in Beijing, China using different domain configurations and spin-up times
Qi Chu
College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City, Beijing, 100875, China
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
Zongxue Xu
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City, Beijing, 100875, China
Yiheng Chen
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
Dawei Han
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TR, UK
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27 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Towards reducing flood risk disasters in a tropical urban basin by the development of flood alert web application T. Mattos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105367
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- Assessing the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model in estimating extreme rainfall events: A case study for severe floods in the southwest Mediterranean region, Turkey A. Ozkaya https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02137-7
- Atmospheric–hydrological modeling for Beijing's sub-center based on WRF and SWMM Y. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.101066
- A self-attention integrated spatiotemporal LSTM approach to edge-radar echo extrapolation in the Internet of Radars Z. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2022.06.046
- Review on Urban Flood Risk Assessment C. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010765
- RN-Net: A Deep Learning Approach to 0–2 Hour Rainfall Nowcasting Based on Radar and Automatic Weather Station Data F. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21061981
- Assessment of AOD Simulation by Assimilating Himawari and MODIS Products Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-025-4220-4
- Impact of assimilation of conventional and satellite radiance observations on simulation of the heavy rainfall event on 27 July 2024 in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea using WRF-3DVar K. Ri et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-025-02511-y
- Effects of the Tibetan Plateau and its second staircase terrain on rainstorms over North China: From the perspective of water vapour transport Y. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6000
- Diurnal variation features and dry times impact based on the latest hourly satellite-based precipitation data across China Y. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102859
- High-resolution spatiotemporal dynamics and multi-scale coupling of urban heat and wind islands: A case study of Hangzhou, China S. Yin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114925
- Roles of the Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau in the Regional Extreme Precipitation Over Sichuan Basin in Summer: A Case Study X. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039776
- Sensitivity analysis of raindrop size distribution parameterizations in WRF rainfall simulation Q. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.05.019
- Characteristic Features of the Clouds Producing Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements E. Svechnikova et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030895
- Sensitivity of spatial and temporal precipitation patterns to aerosol loadings during an extreme precipitation event W. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/adbeb8
- A Novel Multi-Input Multi-Output Recurrent Neural Network Based on Multimodal Fusion and Spatiotemporal Prediction for 0–4 Hour Precipitation Nowcasting F. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121596
- A WRF/WRF-Hydro coupling system with an improved structure for rainfall-runoff simulation with mixed runoff generation mechanism W. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128049
- Hindcasts of Sea Surface Wind around the Korean Peninsula Using the WRF Model: Added Value Evaluation and Estimation of Extreme Wind Speeds H. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070895
- Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Idai Simulations to Cumulus Parametrization Schemes M. Bopape et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12080932
- A multi-objective framework to select numerical options in air quality prediction models: A case study on dust storm modeling S. Hosseini Dehshiri & B. Firoozabadi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160681
- Exploring suitable domain size for high-resolution urban rainfall simulation S. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102489
- To develop a progressive multimetric configuration optimisation method for WRF simulations of extreme rainfall events over Egypt Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126237
- Numerical simulations of the heavy rain event in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea during 9–10 August 2020 Y. Ro & K. Jo https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106297
27 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Reducing the spin‐up of a regional NWP system without data assimilation C. Short & J. Petch https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4268
- LSTMAtU-Net: A Precipitation Nowcasting Model Based on ECSA Module H. Geng et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23135785
- Towards reducing flood risk disasters in a tropical urban basin by the development of flood alert web application T. Mattos et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2022.105367
- Optimal Initialization Time for Surface Variables in WRF Model over Hainan Island 悦. 焦 https://doi.org/10.12677/ccrl.2025.143040
- High-resolution regional climate modeling over Myanmar using WRF: Historical validation and future projections under different shared socioeconomic pathways M. Messmer et al. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000820
- Assessing the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model in estimating extreme rainfall events: A case study for severe floods in the southwest Mediterranean region, Turkey A. Ozkaya https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-023-02137-7
- Atmospheric–hydrological modeling for Beijing's sub-center based on WRF and SWMM Y. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2021.101066
- A self-attention integrated spatiotemporal LSTM approach to edge-radar echo extrapolation in the Internet of Radars Z. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2022.06.046
- Review on Urban Flood Risk Assessment C. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010765
- RN-Net: A Deep Learning Approach to 0–2 Hour Rainfall Nowcasting Based on Radar and Automatic Weather Station Data F. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21061981
- Assessment of AOD Simulation by Assimilating Himawari and MODIS Products Z. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-025-4220-4
- Impact of assimilation of conventional and satellite radiance observations on simulation of the heavy rainfall event on 27 July 2024 in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea using WRF-3DVar K. Ri et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-025-02511-y
- Effects of the Tibetan Plateau and its second staircase terrain on rainstorms over North China: From the perspective of water vapour transport Y. Zhao et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.6000
- Diurnal variation features and dry times impact based on the latest hourly satellite-based precipitation data across China Y. Gu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102859
- High-resolution spatiotemporal dynamics and multi-scale coupling of urban heat and wind islands: A case study of Hangzhou, China S. Yin et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2026.114925
- Roles of the Tibetan Plateau and Yunnan‐Guizhou Plateau in the Regional Extreme Precipitation Over Sichuan Basin in Summer: A Case Study X. Xu et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039776
- Sensitivity analysis of raindrop size distribution parameterizations in WRF rainfall simulation Q. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.05.019
- Characteristic Features of the Clouds Producing Thunderstorm Ground Enhancements E. Svechnikova et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030895
- Sensitivity of spatial and temporal precipitation patterns to aerosol loadings during an extreme precipitation event W. Cao et al. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/adbeb8
- A Novel Multi-Input Multi-Output Recurrent Neural Network Based on Multimodal Fusion and Spatiotemporal Prediction for 0–4 Hour Precipitation Nowcasting F. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12121596
- A WRF/WRF-Hydro coupling system with an improved structure for rainfall-runoff simulation with mixed runoff generation mechanism W. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128049
- Hindcasts of Sea Surface Wind around the Korean Peninsula Using the WRF Model: Added Value Evaluation and Estimation of Extreme Wind Speeds H. Kim et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070895
- Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Idai Simulations to Cumulus Parametrization Schemes M. Bopape et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12080932
- A multi-objective framework to select numerical options in air quality prediction models: A case study on dust storm modeling S. Hosseini Dehshiri & B. Firoozabadi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160681
- Exploring suitable domain size for high-resolution urban rainfall simulation S. Du et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102489
- To develop a progressive multimetric configuration optimisation method for WRF simulations of extreme rainfall events over Egypt Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126237
- Numerical simulations of the heavy rain event in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea during 9–10 August 2020 Y. Ro & K. Jo https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2024.106297
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 05 Oct 2026
Short summary
The effects of WRF domain configurations and spin-up time on rainfall were evaluated at high temporal and spatial scales for simulating an extreme sub-daily heavy rainfall (SDHR) event. Both objective verification metrics and subjective verification were used to identify the likely best set of the configurations. Results show that re-evaluation of these WRF settings is of great importance in improving the accuracy and reliability of the rainfall simulations in the regional SDHR applications.
The effects of WRF domain configurations and spin-up time on rainfall were evaluated at high...
