Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences
HESS
Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2669-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-2669-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 22, issue 5
Research article
 | 
07 May 2018
Research article |  | 07 May 2018

A simple temperature-based method to estimate heterogeneous frozen ground within a distributed watershed model

Michael L. Follum, Jeffrey D. Niemann, Julie T. Parno, and Charles W. Downer

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Latest update: 02 Nov 2025
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Short summary
Spatial patterns of snow and frozen ground within watersheds can impact the volume and timing of runoff. Commonly used snow and frozen ground simulation methods were modified to better account for the effects of topography and land cover on the spatial patterns of snow and frozen ground. When tested using a watershed in Vermont the modifications resulted in more accurate temporal and spatial simulation of both snow and frozen ground.
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