Articles | Volume 22, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1437-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Special issue:
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1437-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Testing and development of transfer functions for weighing precipitation gauges in WMO-SPICE
John Kochendorfer
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, ARL, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oak Ridge, USA
Rodica Nitu
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Mareile Wolff
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Eva Mekis
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
Roy Rasmussen
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
Bruce Baker
Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, ARL, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oak Ridge, USA
Michael E. Earle
Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Canada
Audrey Reverdin
Meteoswiss, Payerne, Switzerland
Kai Wong
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada
Craig D. Smith
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, Canada
Daqing Yang
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, Canada
Yves-Alain Roulet
Meteoswiss, Payerne, Switzerland
Tilden Meyers
Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, ARL, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oak Ridge, USA
Samuel Buisan
Delegación Territorial de AEMET (Spanish National Meteorological
Agency) en Aragon, Zaragoza, Spain
Ketil Isaksen
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Ragnar Brækkan
Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
Scott Landolt
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
Al Jachcik
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA
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- Sub-kilometer Precipitation Datasets for Snowpack and Glacier Modeling in Alpine Terrain V. Vionnet et al. 10.3389/feart.2019.00182
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- On the energy budget of a low-Arctic snowpack G. Lackner et al. 10.5194/tc-16-127-2022
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- W-band S–Z relationships for rimed snow particles: observational evidence from combined airborne and ground-based observations S. Fuller et al. 10.5194/amt-16-6123-2023
44 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Evaluation of the WMO Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment (SPICE) transfer functions for adjusting the wind bias in solid precipitation measurements C. Smith et al. 10.5194/hess-24-4025-2020
- Snowfall and snow accumulation during the MOSAiC winter and spring seasons D. Wagner et al. 10.5194/tc-16-2373-2022
- Meteorological, snow and soil data, CO2, water and energy fluxes from a low-Arctic valley of Northern Quebec F. Domine et al. 10.5194/essd-16-1523-2024
- Unshielded precipitation gauge collection efficiency with wind speed and hydrometeor fall velocity J. Hoover et al. 10.5194/hess-25-5473-2021
- Merged Observatory Data Files (MODFs): an integrated observational data product supporting process-oriented investigations and diagnostics T. Uttal et al. 10.5194/gmd-17-5225-2024
- Multi-decadal analysis of past winter temperature, precipitation and snow cover data in the European Alps from reanalyses, climate models and observational datasets D. Monteiro & S. Morin 10.5194/tc-17-3617-2023
- Review of Advances in Precipitation Enhancement Research A. Flossmann et al. 10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0160.1
- Drivers of Dust-Enhanced Snowpack Melt-Out and Streamflow Timing S. Fassnacht et al. 10.3390/hydrology9030047
- Arctic mercury cycling A. Dastoor et al. 10.1038/s43017-022-00269-w
- Intercomparison measurements from commonly used precipitation gauges in the Qilian Mountains Y. Zhao et al. 10.1016/j.accre.2023.05.006
- Sub-kilometer Precipitation Datasets for Snowpack and Glacier Modeling in Alpine Terrain V. Vionnet et al. 10.3389/feart.2019.00182
- Adjustments for Wind-Induced Undercatch in Snowfall Measurements Based on Precipitation Intensity M. Colli et al. 10.1175/JHM-D-19-0222.1
- The Precipitation Imaging Package: Assessment of Microphysical and Bulk Characteristics of Snow C. Pettersen et al. 10.3390/atmos11080785
- Adjustment of precipitation measurements using Total Rain weighing Sensor (TRwS) gauges in the cryospheric hydrometeorology observation (CHOICE) system of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China Y. Zhao et al. 10.1007/s40333-022-0010-3
- Which adjustment methods are suitable for the wind-induced errors of Geonor T-200BM3 precipitation weighing gauges in a periglacial site? L. Wang et al. 10.1016/j.accre.2023.09.011
- The Effect of Soil on the Summertime Surface Energy Budget of a Humid Subarctic Tundra in Northern Quebec, Canada G. Lackner et al. 10.1175/JHM-D-20-0243.1
- Correction of precipitation measurement for weighing precipitation gauges in a glacierized basin in the Tianshan Mountains Y. Jia et al. 10.3389/feart.2023.1115299
- Adjusting precipitation amounts from Geonor and Pluvio automated weighing gauges to preserve continuity of observations in Canada E. Milewska et al. 10.1080/07011784.2018.1530611
- In-Situ LED-Based Observation of Snow Surface and Depth Transects C. Barnes et al. 10.3390/s20082292
- The Precipitation Imaging Package: Phase Partitioning Capabilities C. Pettersen et al. 10.3390/rs13112183
- Estimation of Snowfall Properties at a Mountainous Site in Norway Using Combined Radar and In Situ Microphysical Observations C. Schirle et al. 10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0281.1
- Machine Learning-Based Bias Correction of Precipitation Measurements at High Altitude H. Li et al. 10.3390/rs15082180
- Precipitation adjustment by the OTT Parsivel2 in the central Qinghai–Tibet Plateau C. Wang et al. 10.1002/esp.5836
- The Impact of Meteorological Forcing Uncertainty on Hydrological Modeling: A Global Analysis of Cryosphere Basins G. Tang et al. 10.1029/2022WR033767
- The Environment and Climate Change Canada solid precipitation intercomparison data from Bratt's Lake and Caribou Creek, Saskatchewan C. Smith et al. 10.5194/essd-11-1337-2019
- The potential for uncertainty in Numerical Weather Prediction model verification when using solid precipitation observations S. Buisán et al. 10.1002/asl.976
- Estimating the snow density using collocated Parsivel and Micro-Rain Radar measurements: a preliminary study from ICE-POP 2017/2018 W. Chang et al. 10.5194/acp-24-11955-2024
- Undercatch Adjustments for Tipping-Bucket Gauge Measurements of Solid Precipitation J. Kochendorfer et al. 10.1175/JHM-D-19-0256.1
- How much snow falls in the world's mountains? A first look at mountain snowfall estimates in A-train observations and reanalyses A. Daloz et al. 10.5194/tc-14-3195-2020
- Quality Control Impacts on Total Precipitation Gauge Records for Montane Valley and Ridge Sites in SW Alberta, Canada C. Barnes & C. Hopkinson 10.3390/data7060073
- Testing the transfer functions for the Geonor T-200B and Chinese standard precipitation gauge in the central Qinghai—Tibet Plateau L. Zhang et al. 10.1007/s11629-021-6839-7
- EMDNA: an Ensemble Meteorological Dataset for North America G. Tang et al. 10.5194/essd-13-3337-2021
- Solid Precipitation and Visibility Measurements at the Centre for Atmospheric Research Experiments in Southern Ontario and Bratt’s Lake in Southern Saskatchewan F. Boudala & J. Milbrandt 10.3390/rs15164079
- Evaluation of Catch Efficiency Transfer Functions for Unshielded and Single-Alter-Shielded Solid Precipitation Measurements A. Pierre et al. 10.1175/JTECH-D-18-0112.1
- A new reference-quality precipitation gauge wind shield J. Kochendorfer et al. 10.5194/amt-16-5647-2023
- The Overall Collection Efficiency of Catching‐Type Precipitation Gauges in Windy Conditions A. Cauteruccio et al. 10.1029/2023WR035098
- Probabilistic Spatial Meteorological Estimates for Alaska and the Yukon A. Newman et al. 10.1029/2020JD032696
- Adjustment of measurement errors to reconcile precipitation distribution in the high‐altitude Indus basin Z. Dahri et al. 10.1002/joc.5539
- Viscous creep of ice-rich permafrost debris in a recently uncovered proglacial area in the Tianshan Mountains, China Y. Zhou et al. 10.1016/j.accre.2022.05.005
- Wind-driven rain impinging on monuments and mountain slopes D. Camuffo 10.1016/j.culher.2022.03.007
- Performance of the Canadian Arctic Prediction System during the YOPP Special Observing Periods B. Casati et al. 10.1080/07055900.2023.2191831
- On the energy budget of a low-Arctic snowpack G. Lackner et al. 10.5194/tc-16-127-2022
- The hourly wind-bias-adjusted precipitation data set from the Environment and Climate Change Canada automated surface observation network (2001–2019) C. Smith et al. 10.5194/essd-14-5253-2022
- W-band S–Z relationships for rimed snow particles: observational evidence from combined airborne and ground-based observations S. Fuller et al. 10.5194/amt-16-6123-2023
Latest update: 14 Dec 2024
Short summary
Due to the effects of wind, precipitation gauges typically underestimate the amount of precipitation that occurs as snow. Measurements recorded during a World Meteorological Organization intercomparison of precipitation gauges were used to evaluate and improve the adjustments that are available to address this issue. Adjustments for specific types of precipitation gauges and wind shields were tested and recommended.
Due to the effects of wind, precipitation gauges typically underestimate the amount of...