Articles | Volume 21, issue 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6049-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6049-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
01 Dec 2017
Research article |
| 01 Dec 2017
| 01 Dec 2017
Multiscale soil moisture estimates using static and roving cosmic-ray soil moisture sensors
CSIRO Land and Water, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD,
Australia
Aaron Hawdon
CSIRO Land and Water, ATSIP, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
Brett Baker
CSIRO Land and Water, ATSIP, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
Luigi Renzullo
CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, ACT, Australia
Ross Searle
CSIRO Land and Water, EcoSciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD,
Australia
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Cited
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Synergies for Soil Moisture Retrieval Across Scales From Airborne Polarimetric SAR, Cosmic Ray Neutron Roving, and an In Situ Sensor Network B. Fersch et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023337
- A profile shape correction to reduce the vertical sensitivity of cosmic‐ray neutron sensing of soil moisture L. Scheiffele et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20083
- Using Additional Moderator to Control the Footprint of a COSMOS Rover for Soil Moisture Measurement A. Badiee et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028478
- Toward Large‐Scale Soil Moisture Monitoring Using Rail‐Based Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing D. Altdorff et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033514
- Combining static and portable Cosmic ray neutron sensor data to assess catchment scale heterogeneity in soil water storage and their integrated role in catchment runoff response K. Dimitrova-Petrova et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126659
- Cosmic-Ray neutron Sensor PYthon tool (crspy 1.2.1): an open-source tool for the processing of cosmic-ray neutron and soil moisture data D. Power et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7287-2021
- Mesoscale unfrozen water content measurements in frozen oasis soils using combined cosmic-ray neutron sensing and time domain reflectometry networks Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109600
- Mesoscale soil moisture survey by mobile cosmic-ray neutron sensor across various landscapes in the Heihe River Basin S. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcar.2024.01.001
- Towards disentangling heterogeneous soil moisture patterns in cosmic-ray neutron sensor footprints D. Rasche et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6547-2021
- Mapping mesoscale soil moisture using a model-data fusion approach J. Peraza et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132768
- Soil Moisture Sensing Technologies: Principles, Applications, and Challenges in Agriculture D. Loconsole et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122788
- Soil moisture monitoring with cosmogenic neutrons: an asset for the development and assessment of soil moisture products in the state of Brandenburg (Germany) M. Heistermann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-465-2026
- A dense network of cosmic-ray neutron sensors for soil moisture observation in a highly instrumented pre-Alpine headwater catchment in Germany B. Fersch et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2289-2020
- Reply to Comment by Jakobi et al. (2020) on “Soil Texture Often Exerts a Stronger Influence Than Precipitation on Mesoscale Soil Moisture Patterns” J. Dong & T. Ochsner https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028756
- Correction efficiency and error characteristics for cosmic-ray soil moisture on mountainous terrain J. Jeong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126657
- Incoming Neutron Flux Corrections for Cosmic‐Ray Soil and Snow Sensors Using the Global Neutron Monitor Network D. McJannet & D. Desilets https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033889
- Improved representation of soil moisture processes through incorporation of cosmic-ray neutron count measurements in a large-scale hydrologic model E. Fatima et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5419-2024
- Cosmic-ray neutron sensors provide scale-appropriate soil water content and vegetation observations for eddy covariance stations in agricultural ecosystems C. Brogi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110731
- Cosmic‐ray Neutron Rover Surveys of Field Soil Moisture and the Influence of Roads M. Schrön et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017WR021719
- Review of Novel and Emerging Proximal Soil Moisture Sensors for Use in Agriculture M. Hardie https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236934
- Depth extrapolation of field-scale soil moisture time series derived with cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) using the soil moisture analytical relationship (SMAR) model D. Rasche et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-655-2024
- Monitoring Irrigation in Small Orchards with Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensors C. Brogi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052378
- Probabilistic prediction by means of the propagation of response variable uncertainty through a Monte Carlo approach in regression random forest: Application to soil moisture regionalization S. Dega et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1009191
- Mesoscale soil moisture measurements along the rover route using the mobile cosmic-ray neutron sensing in the eastern Tibetan Plateau Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117046
- Employing NDVI as vegetation correction variable to improve soil moisture measurements of mobile cosmic-ray neutron sensor near the Qilian Mountains S. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116764
- Error Estimation for Soil Moisture Measurements With Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing and Implications for Rover Surveys J. Jakobi et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2020.00010
- Neutrons on Rails: Transregional Monitoring of Soil Moisture and Snow Water Equivalent M. Schrön et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093924
- First implementation of a new cross-disciplinary observation strategy for heavy precipitation events from formation to flooding A. Wieser et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-023-11050-7
- Calibration and Validation of the Cosmic Ray Neutron Rover for Soil Water Mapping within Two South African Land Classes T. Vather et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6030065
29 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Synergies for Soil Moisture Retrieval Across Scales From Airborne Polarimetric SAR, Cosmic Ray Neutron Roving, and an In Situ Sensor Network B. Fersch et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR023337
- A profile shape correction to reduce the vertical sensitivity of cosmic‐ray neutron sensing of soil moisture L. Scheiffele et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20083
- Using Additional Moderator to Control the Footprint of a COSMOS Rover for Soil Moisture Measurement A. Badiee et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028478
- Toward Large‐Scale Soil Moisture Monitoring Using Rail‐Based Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing D. Altdorff et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033514
- Combining static and portable Cosmic ray neutron sensor data to assess catchment scale heterogeneity in soil water storage and their integrated role in catchment runoff response K. Dimitrova-Petrova et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126659
- Cosmic-Ray neutron Sensor PYthon tool (crspy 1.2.1): an open-source tool for the processing of cosmic-ray neutron and soil moisture data D. Power et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7287-2021
- Mesoscale unfrozen water content measurements in frozen oasis soils using combined cosmic-ray neutron sensing and time domain reflectometry networks Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109600
- Mesoscale soil moisture survey by mobile cosmic-ray neutron sensor across various landscapes in the Heihe River Basin S. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcar.2024.01.001
- Towards disentangling heterogeneous soil moisture patterns in cosmic-ray neutron sensor footprints D. Rasche et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-6547-2021
- Mapping mesoscale soil moisture using a model-data fusion approach J. Peraza et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132768
- Soil Moisture Sensing Technologies: Principles, Applications, and Challenges in Agriculture D. Loconsole et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122788
- Soil moisture monitoring with cosmogenic neutrons: an asset for the development and assessment of soil moisture products in the state of Brandenburg (Germany) M. Heistermann et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-26-465-2026
- A dense network of cosmic-ray neutron sensors for soil moisture observation in a highly instrumented pre-Alpine headwater catchment in Germany B. Fersch et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-2289-2020
- Reply to Comment by Jakobi et al. (2020) on “Soil Texture Often Exerts a Stronger Influence Than Precipitation on Mesoscale Soil Moisture Patterns” J. Dong & T. Ochsner https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028756
- Correction efficiency and error characteristics for cosmic-ray soil moisture on mountainous terrain J. Jeong et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126657
- Incoming Neutron Flux Corrections for Cosmic‐Ray Soil and Snow Sensors Using the Global Neutron Monitor Network D. McJannet & D. Desilets https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033889
- Improved representation of soil moisture processes through incorporation of cosmic-ray neutron count measurements in a large-scale hydrologic model E. Fatima et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-28-5419-2024
- Cosmic-ray neutron sensors provide scale-appropriate soil water content and vegetation observations for eddy covariance stations in agricultural ecosystems C. Brogi et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110731
- Cosmic‐ray Neutron Rover Surveys of Field Soil Moisture and the Influence of Roads M. Schrön et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017WR021719
- Review of Novel and Emerging Proximal Soil Moisture Sensors for Use in Agriculture M. Hardie https://doi.org/10.3390/s20236934
- Depth extrapolation of field-scale soil moisture time series derived with cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) using the soil moisture analytical relationship (SMAR) model D. Rasche et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/soil-10-655-2024
- Monitoring Irrigation in Small Orchards with Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensors C. Brogi et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23052378
- Probabilistic prediction by means of the propagation of response variable uncertainty through a Monte Carlo approach in regression random forest: Application to soil moisture regionalization S. Dega et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1009191
- Mesoscale soil moisture measurements along the rover route using the mobile cosmic-ray neutron sensing in the eastern Tibetan Plateau Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2024.117046
- Employing NDVI as vegetation correction variable to improve soil moisture measurements of mobile cosmic-ray neutron sensor near the Qilian Mountains S. Wu et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116764
- Error Estimation for Soil Moisture Measurements With Cosmic Ray Neutron Sensing and Implications for Rover Surveys J. Jakobi et al. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2020.00010
- Neutrons on Rails: Transregional Monitoring of Soil Moisture and Snow Water Equivalent M. Schrön et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL093924
- First implementation of a new cross-disciplinary observation strategy for heavy precipitation events from formation to flooding A. Wieser et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-023-11050-7
- Calibration and Validation of the Cosmic Ray Neutron Rover for Soil Water Mapping within Two South African Land Classes T. Vather et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6030065
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 22 Jul 2026
Short summary
Satellite and broad-scale model estimates of soil moisture have improved in resolution. However, validation and calibration of these products has been limited because of a lack of observations on corresponding scales. We use a mobile soil moisture monitoring platform, known as the
rover, to derive soil moisture at 9 km and 1 km resolution. We describe methods to calculate soil moisture and present results from multiple surveys. The products produced are well suited to validation studies.
Satellite and broad-scale model estimates of soil moisture have improved in resolution. However,...
