Articles | Volume 21, issue 9
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4347-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-4347-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
An assessment of the performance of global rainfall estimates without ground-based observations
Christian Massari
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
Wade Crow
United States Department of Agriculture – Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
Luca Brocca
Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, National Research Council, Perugia, Italy
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Cited
118 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Assessment of Level-3 Gridded Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Products Over Oceans S. Khan & V. Maggioni
- A Novel Merging Method for Generating High-Quality Spatial Precipitation Information over Mainland China N. Zhao
- Joint calibration of multi-scale hydrological data sets using probabilistic water balance data fusion: methodology and application to the irrigated Hindon River Basin, India R. Mourad et al.
- Soil moisture product consistency for operational drought monitoring in Europe J. Gaona et al.
- Integration of Satellite-Derived Meteorological Inputs into SWAT, XGBoost, WGAN, and Hybrid Modelling Frameworks for Climate Change-Driven Streamflow Simulation in a Data-Scarce Region S. Yeşilyurt & G. Onuşluel Gül
- Evaluation of Six Satellite Precipitation Products over the Chinese Mainland Z. Liu et al.
- MSWEP V2 Global 3-Hourly 0.1° Precipitation: Methodology and Quantitative Assessment H. Beck et al.
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- Multi-criteria evaluation of satellite-based precipitation estimates over agro-climatic zones of India D. Dayal et al.
- Evaluation of 18 satellite- and model-based soil moisture products using in situ measurements from 826 sensors H. Beck et al.
- Effects of Different Spatial Precipitation Input Data on Crop Model Outputs under a Central European Climate S. Thaler et al.
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- Improving Rain/No-Rain Detection Skill by Merging Precipitation Estimates from Different Sources J. Dong et al.
- Toward a self-calibrated and independent SM2RAIN rainfall product P. Filippucci et al.
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- Precipitation data merging via machine learning: Revisiting conceptual and technical aspects P. Kossieris et al.
- Development of HYPER-P: HYdroclimatic PERformance-enhanced Precipitation at 1 km/daily over the Europe-Mediterranean region from 2007 to 2022 P. Filippucci et al.
- An Assessment of Extreme Precipitation Trends in the Missouri River Basin: Insights From Three Gridded Precipitation Data Sets and Climate Indices C. Gupta et al.
- SM2RAIN–dual: a global rainfall fusion product derived from multi-source satellite soil moisture observations L. Miao et al.
- Reliability of SM2RAIN precipitation datasets in comparison to gauge observations and hydrological modelling over arid regions F. Satgé et al.
- A Binned Triple Collocation for Estimating Regime-Dependent Uncertainties of Precipitation V. Pellet
- Enhanced precipitation estimation in a Himalayan river basin through the fusion of multi-source datasets using various machine learning techniques H. Tiwari et al.
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- Enhancing seasonal fire predictions with hybrid dynamical and random forest models M. Torres-Vázquez et al.
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- Suitability of 17 gridded rainfall and temperature datasets for large-scale hydrological modelling in West Africa M. Dembélé et al.
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- Hydroclimate assessment of gridded precipitation products for the Tibetan Plateau Y. Wu et al.
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- Triple Collocation Based Multi-Source Precipitation Merging J. Dong et al.
- Evaluation of Satellite Precipitation Estimates over the South West Pacific Region A. Wild et al.
- Uncertainty Quantification of Satellite Soil Moisture Retrieved Precipitation in the Central Tibetan Plateau K. Zhang et al.
- River runoff estimation with satellite rainfall in Morocco Y. Tramblay et al.
- Satellite-based streamflow simulation using CHIRPS satellite precipitation product in Shah Bahram Basin, Iran S. Mokhtari et al.
- SM2RAIN-Climate, a monthly global long-term rainfall dataset for climatological studies H. Mosaffa et al.
- Intercomparison of H SAF and IMERG heavy rainfall retrievals over a Mediterranean coastal region E. Peinó et al.
- Spatially continuous assessment of satellite-based precipitation products using triple collocation approach and discrete gauge observations via geographically weighted regression P. Wang et al.
- Assessing the accuracy and drought utility of long-term satellite-based precipitation estimation products using the triple collocation approach X. Bai et al.
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- Integrating categorical and standard triple collocation to improve precipitation fusion over the five largest freshwater lakes in China L. Li et al.
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- Comprehensive Evaluation of Satellite-Based Rainfall Measurements Through Rain Gauge Validation Using Advanced Statistical Regression and Machine Learning Models by Using Python K. Sumith
- Climate-dependent propagation of precipitation uncertainty into the water cycle A. Fallah et al.
- A daily 25 km short-latency rainfall product for data-scarce regions based on the integration of the Global Precipitation Measurement mission rainfall and multiple-satellite soil moisture products C. Massari et al.
- Improving the SM2RAIN-derived rainfall estimation using Bayesian optimization L. Miao et al.
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- Integration of multiple drought indices using a triple collocation approach J. Baik et al.
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- Triple collocation-based merging of multi-source gridded evapotranspiration data in the Nordic Region X. Li et al.
- Intercomparison of trend analysis of Multisatellite Monthly Precipitation Products and Gauge Measurements for River Basins of India A. Mondal et al.
- Quantifying the Reliability and Uncertainty of Satellite, Reanalysis, and Merged Precipitation Products in Hydrological Simulations over the Topographically Diverse Basin in Southwest China H. Lei et al.
- How to enhance the inverse distance weighting method to detect the precipitation pattern in a large-scale watershed A. Ghomlaghi et al.
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118 citations as recorded by crossref.
- How much water is used for irrigation? A new approach exploiting coarse resolution satellite soil moisture products L. Brocca et al.
- Comprehensive evaluation of satellite and reanalysis precipitation products over the eastern Tibetan plateau characterized by a high diversity of topographies H. Lei et al.
- Assessing the sensitivity of modelled water partitioning to global precipitation datasets in a data‐scarce dryland region E. Quichimbo et al.
- Validating CYGNSS Wind Speeds with Surface-Based Observations and Triple Collocation Analysis A. Wild et al.
- Reliability of satellite-derived precipitation data in driving hydrological simulations: A case study of the upper Huaihe River basin, China F. Chen et al.
- Sensor Networks, Data Processing, and Inference: The Hydrology Challenge A. Zanella et al.
- Rainfall Spatial Estimations: A Review from Spatial Interpolation to Multi-Source Data Merging Q. Hu et al.
- Evaluation of precipitation datasets available on Google earth engine over India S. Dubey et al.
- A double instrumental variable method for geophysical product error estimation J. Dong et al.
- Assessment of GPM and SM2RAIN-ASCAT rainfall products over complex terrain in southern Italy F. Chiaravalloti et al.
- Triple Collocation Analysis of Satellite Precipitation Estimates over Australia A. Wild et al.
- Comparing and contrasting the performance of high-resolution precipitation products via error decomposition and triple collocation: An application to different climate classes of the central Iran A. Ghomlaghi et al.
- Cross-Examination of Similarity, Difference and Deficiency of Gauge, Radar and Satellite Precipitation Measuring Uncertainties for Extreme Events Using Conventional Metrics and Multiplicative Triple Collocation Z. Li et al.
- Spatiotemporal assessment of the PERSIANN family of satellite precipitation data over Fars Province, Iran N. Salmani-Dehaghi & N. Samani
- Effects of different precipitation inputs on streamflow simulation in the Irrawaddy River Basin, Myanmar T. Sirisena et al.
- Assessment of Level-3 Gridded Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) Products Over Oceans S. Khan & V. Maggioni
- A Novel Merging Method for Generating High-Quality Spatial Precipitation Information over Mainland China N. Zhao
- Joint calibration of multi-scale hydrological data sets using probabilistic water balance data fusion: methodology and application to the irrigated Hindon River Basin, India R. Mourad et al.
- Soil moisture product consistency for operational drought monitoring in Europe J. Gaona et al.
- Integration of Satellite-Derived Meteorological Inputs into SWAT, XGBoost, WGAN, and Hybrid Modelling Frameworks for Climate Change-Driven Streamflow Simulation in a Data-Scarce Region S. Yeşilyurt & G. Onuşluel Gül
- Evaluation of Six Satellite Precipitation Products over the Chinese Mainland Z. Liu et al.
- MSWEP V2 Global 3-Hourly 0.1° Precipitation: Methodology and Quantitative Assessment H. Beck et al.
- How well do gridded precipitation and actual evapotranspiration products represent the key water balance components in the Nile Basin? I. McNamara et al.
- Multi-criteria evaluation of satellite-based precipitation estimates over agro-climatic zones of India D. Dayal et al.
- Evaluation of 18 satellite- and model-based soil moisture products using in situ measurements from 826 sensors H. Beck et al.
- Effects of Different Spatial Precipitation Input Data on Crop Model Outputs under a Central European Climate S. Thaler et al.
- Towards a novel high-spatial-resolution satellite rainfall product from C-band SAR Sentinel-1 over Central South Korea based on a bottom-up approach H. Nguyen et al.
- Global-scale evaluation of 22 precipitation datasets using gauge observations and hydrological modeling H. Beck et al.
- Spatio-temporal accuracy evaluation of MSWEP daily precipitation over the Huaihe River Basin, China: A comparison study with representative satellite- and reanalysis-based products L. Li et al.
- Soil moisture as a potential variable for tracking and quantifying irrigation: A case study with proximal gamma-ray spectroscopy data P. Filippucci et al.
- Improving Rain/No-Rain Detection Skill by Merging Precipitation Estimates from Different Sources J. Dong et al.
- Toward a self-calibrated and independent SM2RAIN rainfall product P. Filippucci et al.
- Advancing High-Mountain Precipitation Reconstruction Through Merging of Multiple Data Sources: Triple Collocation Versus Signal-to-Noise Ratio Optimization S. Shah et al.
- Precipitation data merging via machine learning: Revisiting conceptual and technical aspects P. Kossieris et al.
- Development of HYPER-P: HYdroclimatic PERformance-enhanced Precipitation at 1 km/daily over the Europe-Mediterranean region from 2007 to 2022 P. Filippucci et al.
- An Assessment of Extreme Precipitation Trends in the Missouri River Basin: Insights From Three Gridded Precipitation Data Sets and Climate Indices C. Gupta et al.
- SM2RAIN–dual: a global rainfall fusion product derived from multi-source satellite soil moisture observations L. Miao et al.
- Reliability of SM2RAIN precipitation datasets in comparison to gauge observations and hydrological modelling over arid regions F. Satgé et al.
- A Binned Triple Collocation for Estimating Regime-Dependent Uncertainties of Precipitation V. Pellet
- Enhanced precipitation estimation in a Himalayan river basin through the fusion of multi-source datasets using various machine learning techniques H. Tiwari et al.
- Improving hydrological process simulation in mountain watersheds: Integrating WRF model gridded precipitation data into the SWAT model A. Jiang et al.
- Review of gridded climate products and their use in hydrological analyses reveals overlaps, gaps, and the need for a more objective approach to selecting model forcing datasets K. Mankin et al.
- SM2RAIN-CCI: a new global long-term rainfall data set derived from ESA CCI soil moisture L. Ciabatta et al.
- Investigating the utility of satellite-based precipitation products for simulating extreme discharge events: an exhaustive model-driven approach for a tropical river basin in India D. Dayal et al.
- A novel validation of satellite soil moisture using SM2RAIN-derived rainfall estimates S. Do et al.
- Testing the potential of soil moisture observations to estimate rainfall in a soil tank experiment S. Song et al.
- A GWR downscaling method to reconstruct high-resolution precipitation dataset based on GSMaP-Gauge data: A case study in the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China H. Wang et al.
- Spatiotemporal evaluation of five satellite-based precipitation products under the arid environment of Saudi Arabia A. Jazem Ghanim et al.
- A newly merging approach of multiple precipitation products by combining time-varying quadruple collocation and random forest spatial interpolation S. Xu et al.
- Complementing near-real time satellite rainfall products with satellite soil moisture-derived rainfall through a Bayesian Inversion approach C. Massari et al.
- Exploiting Satellite-Based Surface Soil Moisture for Flood Forecasting in the Mediterranean Area: State Update Versus Rainfall Correction C. Massari et al.
- Development of Open-Source Tools for Event-Based Hydrological Modelling Using GIS and Python A. Almeida-Ñauñay et al.
- Enhancing seasonal fire predictions with hybrid dynamical and random forest models M. Torres-Vázquez et al.
- A macroscale evapotranspiration benchmark based on spatial and temporal enhancements to the Budyko framework L. Zhang et al.
- New Insights Into Error Decomposition for Precipitation Products Y. Zhang et al.
- Suitability of 17 gridded rainfall and temperature datasets for large-scale hydrological modelling in West Africa M. Dembélé et al.
- A comprehensive investigation of three long‐term precipitation datasets: Which performs better in the Yellow River basin? R. Huang et al.
- Satellite soil moisture data assimilation for improved operational continental water balance prediction S. Tian et al.
- A Digital Twin of the terrestrial water cycle: a glimpse into the future through high-resolution Earth observations L. Brocca et al.
- The evaluation of IMERG and ERA5-Land daily precipitation over China with considering the influence of gauge data bias W. Xie et al.
- River flow prediction in data scarce regions: soil moisture integrated satellite rainfall products outperform rain gauge observations in West Africa L. Brocca et al.
- Error investigation of rain retrievals from disdrometer data using triple colocation C. Annella et al.
- A Preliminary Assessment of the Gauge-Adjusted Near-Real-Time GSMaP Precipitation Estimate over Mainland China D. Lu & B. Yong
- Hydroclimate assessment of gridded precipitation products for the Tibetan Plateau Y. Wu et al.
- Comprehensive evaluation and comparison of ten precipitation products in terms of accuracy and stability over a typical mountain basin, Southwest China C. Mo et al.
- Improving daily precipitation estimation using a double triple collocation-based (DTC) merging framework J. Gu et al.
- An intercomparison of four gridded precipitation products over Europe using an extension of the three-cornered-hat method L. Lledó et al.
- Triple Collocation Based Multi-Source Precipitation Merging J. Dong et al.
- Evaluation of Satellite Precipitation Estimates over the South West Pacific Region A. Wild et al.
- Uncertainty Quantification of Satellite Soil Moisture Retrieved Precipitation in the Central Tibetan Plateau K. Zhang et al.
- River runoff estimation with satellite rainfall in Morocco Y. Tramblay et al.
- Satellite-based streamflow simulation using CHIRPS satellite precipitation product in Shah Bahram Basin, Iran S. Mokhtari et al.
- SM2RAIN-Climate, a monthly global long-term rainfall dataset for climatological studies H. Mosaffa et al.
- Intercomparison of H SAF and IMERG heavy rainfall retrievals over a Mediterranean coastal region E. Peinó et al.
- Spatially continuous assessment of satellite-based precipitation products using triple collocation approach and discrete gauge observations via geographically weighted regression P. Wang et al.
- Assessing the accuracy and drought utility of long-term satellite-based precipitation estimation products using the triple collocation approach X. Bai et al.
- Diurnal variation features and dry times impact based on the latest hourly satellite-based precipitation data across China Y. Gu et al.
- Assessment and Data Fusion of Satellite-Based Precipitation Estimation Products over Ungauged Areas Based on Triple Collocation without In Situ Observations X. Wu et al.
- Downscaling and Calibration Analysis of Precipitation Data in the Songhua River Basin Using the GWRK Model and Rain Gauges B. Zhang et al.
- GRACEfully Closing the Water Balance: A Data‐Driven Probabilistic Approach Applied to River Basins in Iran G. Schoups & M. Nasseri
- Hydrological evaluation of top-down and bottom-up rainfall products in West Africa: Model performance, parameter range and uncertainty propagation R. Yonaba et al.
- A Comparison of Various Correction and Blending Techniques for Creating an Improved Satellite-Gauge Rainfall Dataset over Australia Z. Chua et al.
- Integrating categorical and standard triple collocation to improve precipitation fusion over the five largest freshwater lakes in China L. Li et al.
- Evaluating precipitation datasets for large-scale distributed hydrological modelling M. Mazzoleni et al.
- Comprehensive Evaluation of Satellite-Based Rainfall Measurements Through Rain Gauge Validation Using Advanced Statistical Regression and Machine Learning Models by Using Python K. Sumith
- Climate-dependent propagation of precipitation uncertainty into the water cycle A. Fallah et al.
- A daily 25 km short-latency rainfall product for data-scarce regions based on the integration of the Global Precipitation Measurement mission rainfall and multiple-satellite soil moisture products C. Massari et al.
- Improving the SM2RAIN-derived rainfall estimation using Bayesian optimization L. Miao et al.
- Functional regression concurrent model with spatially correlated errors: application to rainfall ground validation J. Ospína-Galindez et al.
- Integration of multiple drought indices using a triple collocation approach J. Baik et al.
- High resolution (1 km-daily) potential evapotranspiration dataset over Europe and the Mediterranean region S. Bouabdelli et al.
- Performance Assessment of SM2RAIN-CCI and SM2RAIN-ASCAT Precipitation Products over Pakistan K. Rahman et al.
- A Fast Generative Adversarial Network Combined With Transformer for Downscaling GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Data in Southwestern China S. Gu et al.
- Spatiotemporal Evaluation and Estimation of Precipitation of Multi-Source Precipitation Products in Arid Areas of Northwest China—A Case Study of Tianshan Mountains X. Li et al.
- Improving Global Monthly and Daily Precipitation Estimation by Fusing Gauge Observations, Remote Sensing, and Reanalysis Data Sets L. Xu et al.
- SM2RAIN–ASCAT (2007–2018): global daily satellite rainfall data from ASCAT soil moisture observations L. Brocca et al.
- Triple collocation-based merging of multi-source gridded evapotranspiration data in the Nordic Region X. Li et al.
- Intercomparison of trend analysis of Multisatellite Monthly Precipitation Products and Gauge Measurements for River Basins of India A. Mondal et al.
- Quantifying the Reliability and Uncertainty of Satellite, Reanalysis, and Merged Precipitation Products in Hydrological Simulations over the Topographically Diverse Basin in Southwest China H. Lei et al.
- How to enhance the inverse distance weighting method to detect the precipitation pattern in a large-scale watershed A. Ghomlaghi et al.
- Multi-year evaluation of CloudSat, ERA5, and IMERG global snowfall products Q. Ji et al.
- Evaluation of a MetOp ASCAT‐Derived Surface Soil Moisture Product in Tundra Environments E. Högström et al.
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Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 14 May 2026
Short summary
The paper explores a method for the assessment of the performance of global rainfall estimates without relying on ground-based observations. Thanks to this method, different global correlation maps are obtained (for the first time without relying on a benchmark dataset) for some of the most used globally available rainfall products. This is central for hydroclimatic studies within data-scarce regions, where ground observations are scarce to evaluate the relative quality of a rainfall product
The paper explores a method for the assessment of the performance of global rainfall estimates...