Articles | Volume 21, issue 6
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2777-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2777-2017
© Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
09 Jun 2017
Research article |
| 09 Jun 2017
A non-stationary stochastic ensemble generator for radar rainfall fields based on the short-space Fourier transform
Daniele Nerini
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Radar, Satellite and Nowcasting Division, MeteoSwiss,
Locarno-Monti, Switzerland
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH, Zurich,
Switzerland
Nikola Besic
Radar, Satellite and Nowcasting Division, MeteoSwiss,
Locarno-Monti, Switzerland
Environmental Remote Sensing Laboratory, EPFL, Lausanne,
Switzerland
Ioannis Sideris
Radar, Satellite and Nowcasting Division, MeteoSwiss,
Locarno-Monti, Switzerland
Urs Germann
Radar, Satellite and Nowcasting Division, MeteoSwiss,
Locarno-Monti, Switzerland
Loris Foresti
Radar, Satellite and Nowcasting Division, MeteoSwiss,
Locarno-Monti, Switzerland
Viewed
Total article views: 5,270 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 01 Feb 2017)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3,083 | 1,984 | 203 | 5,270 | 186 | 236 |
- HTML: 3,083
- PDF: 1,984
- XML: 203
- Total: 5,270
- BibTeX: 186
- EndNote: 236
Total article views: 4,365 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 09 Jun 2017)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,549 | 1,637 | 179 | 4,365 | 169 | 208 |
- HTML: 2,549
- PDF: 1,637
- XML: 179
- Total: 4,365
- BibTeX: 169
- EndNote: 208
Total article views: 905 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Cumulative views and downloads
(calculated since 01 Feb 2017)
| HTML | XML | Total | BibTeX | EndNote | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 534 | 347 | 24 | 905 | 17 | 28 |
- HTML: 534
- PDF: 347
- XML: 24
- Total: 905
- BibTeX: 17
- EndNote: 28
Viewed (geographical distribution)
Total article views: 5,270 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 5,062 with geography defined
and 208 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 4,365 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 4,182 with geography defined
and 183 with unknown origin.
Total article views: 905 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 880 with geography defined
and 25 with unknown origin.
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Country | # | Views | % |
|---|
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
| Total: | 0 |
| HTML: | 0 |
| PDF: | 0 |
| XML: | 0 |
- 1
1
Cited
55 citations as recorded by crossref.
- An evaluation of weather radar adjustment algorithms using synthetic data M. Silver et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.064
- Nationwide Radar-Based Precipitation Nowcasting—A Localization Filtering Approach and its Application for Germany R. Reinoso-Rondinel et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3144342
- Operational Assessment of High Resolution Weather Radar Based Precipitation Nowcasting System B. Raj et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020154
- Estimating the Parameters of the Spatial Autocorrelation of Rainfall Fields by Measurements From Commercial Microwave Links A. Eshel et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2022.3165309
- Pysteps: an open-source Python library for probabilistic precipitation nowcasting (v1.0) S. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4185-2019
- Increasing flood hazard in the Lower Mississippi River due to extreme storm clustering Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt1868
- Considering Rain Gauge Uncertainty Using Kriging for Uncertain Data F. Cecinati et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110446
- Realistic Film Noise Generation Based on Experimental Noise Spectra S. Eckel et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2019.2955284
- Topological invariance in whiteness optimisation J. Haataja et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-023-01234-9
- Assessment of future changes in drought characteristics through stochastic downscaling and CMIP6 over South Korea T. Vo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-024-02664-9
- Extending intraday solar forecast horizons with deep generative models A. Carpentieri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124186
- NowPrecip: localized precipitation nowcasting in the complex terrain of Switzerland I. Sideris et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3766
- Ensemble Representation of Satellite Precipitation Uncertainty Using a Nonstationary, Anisotropic Autocorrelation Model S. Hartke et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031650
- Radar-based characterisation of heavy precipitation in the eastern Mediterranean and its representation in a convection-permitting model M. Armon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1227-2020
- Nonstationary stochastic rain type generation: accounting for climate drivers L. Benoit et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2841-2020
- A non-stationary trans-Gaussian model for daily rainfall over complex topography L. Benoit et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-4799-2026
- Scale‐dependent blending of ensemble rainfall nowcasts and numerical weather prediction in the open‐source pysteps library R. Imhoff et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4461
- A quest for precipitation attractors in weather radar archives L. Foresti et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-31-259-2024
- A triple collocation-based 2D soil moisture merging methodology considering spatial and temporal non-stationary errors J. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112509
- Intraday probabilistic forecasts of surface solar radiation with cloud scale-dependent autoregressive advection A. Carpentieri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121775
- NowPrecip 2: Precipitation nowcasting in the complex terrain of Switzerland. Part I: Methods I. Sideris et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70171
- An Event-Based Stochastic Parametric Rainfall Simulator (ESPRS) for Urban Stormwater Simulation and Performance in a Sponge City Y. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15081561
- An Improved Precipitation Nowcasting Algorithm Based on COTREC Method Z. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3446826
- Spatial resolutions in areal rainfall estimation and their impact on hydrological simulations of a lowland catchment W. Terink et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.05.045
- Applications of directional wavelets, Universal Multifractals and anisotropic scaling in ensemble nowcasting; a review of methods with case‐studies R. Scovell https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3780
- A 10‐year radar‐based analysis of orographic precipitation growth and decay patterns over the Swiss Alpine region L. Foresti et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3364
- A Reduced-Space Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach for Flow-Dependent Integration of Radar Extrapolation Nowcasts and NWP Precipitation Ensembles D. Nerini et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18-0258.1
- A Hybrid Statistical Downscaling Framework Based on Nonstationary Time Series Decomposition and Machine Learning X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002221
- Improving the use of ground-based radar rainfall data for monitoring and predicting floods in the Iguaçu river basin A. Falck et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.10.046
- Information Theory for Non-Stationary Processes with Stationary Increments C. Granero-Belinchón et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121223
- Probabilistic modeling of the spatio-temporal characteristics of a high-resolution extreme rainfall event A. Lyras et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2026.103994
- Stochastic simulation of reference rainfall scenarios for hydrological applications using a universal multi-fractal approach A. Ramanathan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6477-2022
- Intensification of Convective Rain Cells at Warmer Temperatures Observed from High-Resolution Weather Radar Data N. Peleg et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-17-0158.1
- A WRF/WRF-Hydro coupling system with an improved structure for rainfall-runoff simulation with mixed runoff generation mechanism W. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128049
- Real-time bias correction of rainfall nowcasts using biward tracking method W. Na & C. Yoo https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129642
- Urban hydrological model (UHM) developed for an urban flash flood simulation and analysis of the flood intensity sensitivity to urbanization H. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2024.2302561
- Wavelet-Based Detection of Time-Frequency Changes for Monthly Rainfall and SPI Series in Taiwan J. Shiau & Y. Chiu https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-019-00118-9
- Ensemble Spatial Precipitation Analysis From Rain Gauge Data: Methodology and Application in the European Alps C. Frei & F. Isotta https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD030004
- Large‐Sample Evaluation of Radar Rainfall Nowcasting for Flood Early Warning R. Imhoff et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031591
- Reduced Rainfall in Future Heavy Precipitation Events Related to Contracted Rain Area Despite Increased Rain Rate M. Armon et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002397
- Stochastic daily rainfall generation on tropical islands with complex topography L. Benoit et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2113-2022
- Site-specific projection of rainfall patterns under climate change by joint sparse representation T. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17499518.2026.2616772
- Designing an inundation monitoring and real-time urban flood forecasting system: a synthetic study V. Tran et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135520
- Advancing Space‐Time Simulation of Random Fields: From Storms to Cyclones and Beyond S. Papalexiou et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029466
- A localisation strategy for scalable and efficient multi-source precipitation blending at high resolutions over large domains Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135831
- Adjustment of Radar‐Gauge Rainfall Discrepancy Due to Raindrop Drift and Evaporation Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model and Dual‐Polarization Radar Q. Dai et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025517
- Optimal Temporal Resolution of Rainfall for Urban Applications and Uncertainty Propagation F. Cecinati et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9100762
- Lagrangian Integro-Difference Equation Model for Precipitation Nowcasting S. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-21-0013.1
- Autocorrelation structure of convective rainfall in semiarid-arid climate derived from high-resolution X-Band radar estimates F. Marra & E. Morin https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.09.020
- SAD: Verifying the scale, anisotropy and direction of precipitation forecasts S. Buschow & P. Friederichs https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3964
- A framework for space–time modelling of rainfall events for hydrological applications of weather radar A. Green et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130630
- A Hybrid Model for Fast and Probabilistic Urban Pluvial Flood Prediction X. Li & P. Willems https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025128
- Kriging‐variance‐based multi‐member ensembles of radar–rain‐gauge precipitation estimates: Application in Switzerland I. Sideris et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4990
- Characterisation of the melting layer variability in an Alpine valley based on polarimetric X-band radar scans F. van den Heuvel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5181-2018
- Using a 10-Year Radar Archive for Nowcasting Precipitation Growth and Decay: A Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach L. Foresti et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-18-0206.1
55 citations as recorded by crossref.
- An evaluation of weather radar adjustment algorithms using synthetic data M. Silver et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.064
- Nationwide Radar-Based Precipitation Nowcasting—A Localization Filtering Approach and its Application for Germany R. Reinoso-Rondinel et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2022.3144342
- Operational Assessment of High Resolution Weather Radar Based Precipitation Nowcasting System B. Raj et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020154
- Estimating the Parameters of the Spatial Autocorrelation of Rainfall Fields by Measurements From Commercial Microwave Links A. Eshel et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2022.3165309
- Pysteps: an open-source Python library for probabilistic precipitation nowcasting (v1.0) S. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4185-2019
- Increasing flood hazard in the Lower Mississippi River due to extreme storm clustering Y. Liu et al. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adt1868
- Considering Rain Gauge Uncertainty Using Kriging for Uncertain Data F. Cecinati et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110446
- Realistic Film Noise Generation Based on Experimental Noise Spectra S. Eckel et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2019.2955284
- Topological invariance in whiteness optimisation J. Haataja et al. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-023-01234-9
- Assessment of future changes in drought characteristics through stochastic downscaling and CMIP6 over South Korea T. Vo et al. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-024-02664-9
- Extending intraday solar forecast horizons with deep generative models A. Carpentieri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124186
- NowPrecip: localized precipitation nowcasting in the complex terrain of Switzerland I. Sideris et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3766
- Ensemble Representation of Satellite Precipitation Uncertainty Using a Nonstationary, Anisotropic Autocorrelation Model S. Hartke et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031650
- Radar-based characterisation of heavy precipitation in the eastern Mediterranean and its representation in a convection-permitting model M. Armon et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-1227-2020
- Nonstationary stochastic rain type generation: accounting for climate drivers L. Benoit et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2841-2020
- A non-stationary trans-Gaussian model for daily rainfall over complex topography L. Benoit et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-30-4799-2026
- Scale‐dependent blending of ensemble rainfall nowcasts and numerical weather prediction in the open‐source pysteps library R. Imhoff et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4461
- A quest for precipitation attractors in weather radar archives L. Foresti et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-31-259-2024
- A triple collocation-based 2D soil moisture merging methodology considering spatial and temporal non-stationary errors J. Zhou et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112509
- Intraday probabilistic forecasts of surface solar radiation with cloud scale-dependent autoregressive advection A. Carpentieri et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121775
- NowPrecip 2: Precipitation nowcasting in the complex terrain of Switzerland. Part I: Methods I. Sideris et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.70171
- An Event-Based Stochastic Parametric Rainfall Simulator (ESPRS) for Urban Stormwater Simulation and Performance in a Sponge City Y. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15081561
- An Improved Precipitation Nowcasting Algorithm Based on COTREC Method Z. Yang et al. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2024.3446826
- Spatial resolutions in areal rainfall estimation and their impact on hydrological simulations of a lowland catchment W. Terink et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.05.045
- Applications of directional wavelets, Universal Multifractals and anisotropic scaling in ensemble nowcasting; a review of methods with case‐studies R. Scovell https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3780
- A 10‐year radar‐based analysis of orographic precipitation growth and decay patterns over the Swiss Alpine region L. Foresti et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3364
- A Reduced-Space Ensemble Kalman Filter Approach for Flow-Dependent Integration of Radar Extrapolation Nowcasts and NWP Precipitation Ensembles D. Nerini et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-18-0258.1
- A Hybrid Statistical Downscaling Framework Based on Nonstationary Time Series Decomposition and Machine Learning X. Li et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EA002221
- Improving the use of ground-based radar rainfall data for monitoring and predicting floods in the Iguaçu river basin A. Falck et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.10.046
- Information Theory for Non-Stationary Processes with Stationary Increments C. Granero-Belinchón et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/e21121223
- Probabilistic modeling of the spatio-temporal characteristics of a high-resolution extreme rainfall event A. Lyras et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.probengmech.2026.103994
- Stochastic simulation of reference rainfall scenarios for hydrological applications using a universal multi-fractal approach A. Ramanathan et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-6477-2022
- Intensification of Convective Rain Cells at Warmer Temperatures Observed from High-Resolution Weather Radar Data N. Peleg et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-17-0158.1
- A WRF/WRF-Hydro coupling system with an improved structure for rainfall-runoff simulation with mixed runoff generation mechanism W. Wang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128049
- Real-time bias correction of rainfall nowcasts using biward tracking method W. Na & C. Yoo https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129642
- Urban hydrological model (UHM) developed for an urban flash flood simulation and analysis of the flood intensity sensitivity to urbanization H. Hu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2024.2302561
- Wavelet-Based Detection of Time-Frequency Changes for Monthly Rainfall and SPI Series in Taiwan J. Shiau & Y. Chiu https://doi.org/10.1007/s13143-019-00118-9
- Ensemble Spatial Precipitation Analysis From Rain Gauge Data: Methodology and Application in the European Alps C. Frei & F. Isotta https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JD030004
- Large‐Sample Evaluation of Radar Rainfall Nowcasting for Flood Early Warning R. Imhoff et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR031591
- Reduced Rainfall in Future Heavy Precipitation Events Related to Contracted Rain Area Despite Increased Rain Rate M. Armon et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002397
- Stochastic daily rainfall generation on tropical islands with complex topography L. Benoit et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-2113-2022
- Site-specific projection of rainfall patterns under climate change by joint sparse representation T. Lu et al. https://doi.org/10.1080/17499518.2026.2616772
- Designing an inundation monitoring and real-time urban flood forecasting system: a synthetic study V. Tran et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135520
- Advancing Space‐Time Simulation of Random Fields: From Storms to Cyclones and Beyond S. Papalexiou et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029466
- A localisation strategy for scalable and efficient multi-source precipitation blending at high resolutions over large domains Y. Zhang et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2026.135831
- Adjustment of Radar‐Gauge Rainfall Discrepancy Due to Raindrop Drift and Evaporation Using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model and Dual‐Polarization Radar Q. Dai et al. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025517
- Optimal Temporal Resolution of Rainfall for Urban Applications and Uncertainty Propagation F. Cecinati et al. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9100762
- Lagrangian Integro-Difference Equation Model for Precipitation Nowcasting S. Pulkkinen et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-21-0013.1
- Autocorrelation structure of convective rainfall in semiarid-arid climate derived from high-resolution X-Band radar estimates F. Marra & E. Morin https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.09.020
- SAD: Verifying the scale, anisotropy and direction of precipitation forecasts S. Buschow & P. Friederichs https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3964
- A framework for space–time modelling of rainfall events for hydrological applications of weather radar A. Green et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130630
- A Hybrid Model for Fast and Probabilistic Urban Pluvial Flood Prediction X. Li & P. Willems https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025128
- Kriging‐variance‐based multi‐member ensembles of radar–rain‐gauge precipitation estimates: Application in Switzerland I. Sideris et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.4990
- Characterisation of the melting layer variability in an Alpine valley based on polarimetric X-band radar scans F. van den Heuvel et al. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-5181-2018
- Using a 10-Year Radar Archive for Nowcasting Precipitation Growth and Decay: A Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach L. Foresti et al. https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-18-0206.1
Saved (final revised paper)
Latest update: 13 Aug 2026
Short summary
Stochastic generators are effective tools for the quantification of uncertainty in a number of applications with weather radar data, including quantitative precipitation estimation and very short-term forecasting. However, most of the current stochastic rainfall field generators cannot handle spatial non-stationarity. We propose an approach based on the short-space Fourier transform, which aims to reproduce the local spatial structure of the observed rainfall fields.
Stochastic generators are effective tools for the quantification of uncertainty in a number of...
