Articles | Volume 19, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-657-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-657-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
02 Feb 2015
Research article |
| 02 Feb 2015
Drivers of spatial and temporal variability of streamflow in the Incomati River basin
A. M. L. Saraiva Okello
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, the Netherlands
Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
I. Masih
UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, the Netherlands
S. Uhlenbrook
UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, the Netherlands
Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Resources, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
G. P. W. Jewitt
Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
P. van der Zaag
UNESCO-IHE, Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, the Netherlands
Delft University of Technology, Department of Water Resources, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands
E. Riddell
Centre for Water Resources Research, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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Cited
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
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- Impact of Land Management on Water Resources, a South African Context M. Nkosi et al. 10.3390/su13020701
- Sediment source areas and the role of floods in sediment mixing on the Letaba River, South Africa J. Knight et al. 10.1080/03736245.2024.2341656
- Characterising the geomorphic dynamics of river systems: An example of the Sabie River, South Africa J. Knight & M. Evans 10.4102/koedoe.v64i1.1700
- A retrospective streamflow ensemble forecast for an extreme hydrologic event: a case study of Hurricane Irene and on the Hudson River basin F. Saleh et al. 10.5194/hess-20-2649-2016
- Evaluation of uncertainty in capturing the spatial variability and magnitudes of extreme hydrological events for the uMngeni catchment, South Africa S. Kusangaya et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.017
- Research Trends of Hydrological Drought: A Systematic Review H. Hasan et al. 10.3390/w11112252
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- Assessing water resources availability in headwater sub-catchments of Pungwe River Basin in a changing climate A. Gumbo et al. 10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100827
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- Temporal and spatial ecology of an iconic Labeobarbus spp. in a socio-economically important river M. Burnett et al. 10.1007/s10641-021-01140-5
- The Upper Narmada River Basin's flood frequency analysis using the GAMLSS technique N. Chandel et al. 10.2166/wpt.2025.022
- Influence of Hydrologic Alteration on Sediment, Dissolved Load and Nutrient Downstream Transfer Continuity in a River: Example Lower Brda River Cascade Dams (Poland) D. Szatten et al. 10.3390/resources10070070
- Temporal and spatial changes of rainfall and streamflow in the Upper Tekezē–Atbara river basin, Ethiopia T. Gebremicael et al. 10.5194/hess-21-2127-2017
- Hydrograph separation using tracers and digital filters to quantify runoff components in a semi‐arid mesoscale catchment A. Saraiva Okello et al. 10.1002/hyp.11491
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- Impacts of land use and land cover changes on hydrology of the Gumara catchment, Ethiopia A. Birhanu et al. 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.006
- Novel Index for Hydrological Drought Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Approach: Standardized Water Surface Index (SWSI) N. Alahacoon & M. Edirisinghe 10.3390/rs14215324
- Flood dynamics on the upper Letaba River, South Africa, deduced from luminescence dating J. Knight & M. Evans 10.1080/03736245.2024.2333764
- River connectivity and fish migration considerations in the management of multiple stressors in South Africa G. O'Brien et al. 10.1071/MF19183
- Detecting changes in fish behaviour in real time to alert managers to thresholds of potential concern M. Burnett et al. 10.1002/rra.4214
- Attributing the hydrological impact of different land use types and their long-term dynamics through combining parsimonious hydrological modelling, alteration analysis and PLSR analysis T. Gebremicael et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.085
- Assessment of Hydrological Changes and Their Influence on the Aquatic Ecology over the last 58 Years in Ganjiang Basin, China Y. Huang et al. 10.3390/su11184882
- Principles and legal tools for equitable water resource allocation: prioritization in South Africa B. van Koppen et al. 10.1080/07900627.2023.2290522
- Impacts of Climate Change and Land-Use Change on Hydrological Extremes in the Jinsha River Basin Q. Chen et al. 10.3390/w11071398
- Forests as ‘sponges’ and ‘pumps’: Assessing the impact of deforestation on dry-season flows across the tropics J. Peña-Arancibia et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.04.064
- Understanding the drivers of the catchment hydrological cycle of the Jonkershoek Valley catchment, South Africa R. Mokua et al. 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103731
- Trend analysis of hydrological and water quality variables to detect anthropogenic effects and climate variability on a river basin scale: A case study of Iran M. Fooladi et al. 10.1016/j.jher.2021.01.001
- Quantifying the impact of landscape changes on hydrological variables in the alpine and cold region using hydrological model and remote sensing data Z. Jin et al. 10.1002/hyp.14392
- Surface water availability in ungauged catchments of Sub-Saharan Africa: A case study from Luwombwa sub-catchment, Zambia D. Mwelwa et al. 10.1080/23570008.2024.2439586
- Historic water quality patterns in endemic schistosomiasis regions of southern Africa: Implications for disease vector distribution F. Letlaila et al. 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103657
32 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Improved Process Representation in the Simulation of the Hydrology of a Meso-Scale Semi-Arid Catchment A. Saraiva Okello et al. 10.3390/w10111549
- Temporal movement of free-swimming fishes and their response to environmental variables in some of the rivers of Kruger National Park, South Africa M. Burnett et al. 10.1007/s10641-021-01178-5
- Impact of Land Management on Water Resources, a South African Context M. Nkosi et al. 10.3390/su13020701
- Sediment source areas and the role of floods in sediment mixing on the Letaba River, South Africa J. Knight et al. 10.1080/03736245.2024.2341656
- Characterising the geomorphic dynamics of river systems: An example of the Sabie River, South Africa J. Knight & M. Evans 10.4102/koedoe.v64i1.1700
- A retrospective streamflow ensemble forecast for an extreme hydrologic event: a case study of Hurricane Irene and on the Hudson River basin F. Saleh et al. 10.5194/hess-20-2649-2016
- Evaluation of uncertainty in capturing the spatial variability and magnitudes of extreme hydrological events for the uMngeni catchment, South Africa S. Kusangaya et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.017
- Research Trends of Hydrological Drought: A Systematic Review H. Hasan et al. 10.3390/w11112252
- Flood Frequency Analysis under Nonstationary Modeling in the Gorganrood River Basin, Iran P. Mohammadi et al. 10.1061/JHYEFF.HEENG-5724
- Assessing water resources availability in headwater sub-catchments of Pungwe River Basin in a changing climate A. Gumbo et al. 10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100827
- Element Concentrations in Muscle and Liver Tissue of Two Eel Species from the Incomati River, Mozambique J. Erasmus et al. 10.1007/s00128-023-03795-5
- Temporal and spatial ecology of an iconic Labeobarbus spp. in a socio-economically important river M. Burnett et al. 10.1007/s10641-021-01140-5
- The Upper Narmada River Basin's flood frequency analysis using the GAMLSS technique N. Chandel et al. 10.2166/wpt.2025.022
- Influence of Hydrologic Alteration on Sediment, Dissolved Load and Nutrient Downstream Transfer Continuity in a River: Example Lower Brda River Cascade Dams (Poland) D. Szatten et al. 10.3390/resources10070070
- Temporal and spatial changes of rainfall and streamflow in the Upper Tekezē–Atbara river basin, Ethiopia T. Gebremicael et al. 10.5194/hess-21-2127-2017
- Hydrograph separation using tracers and digital filters to quantify runoff components in a semi‐arid mesoscale catchment A. Saraiva Okello et al. 10.1002/hyp.11491
- Status and trends in EFlows in southern Africa C. Brown et al. 10.1111/1477-8947.12190
- Impacts of land use and land cover changes on hydrology of the Gumara catchment, Ethiopia A. Birhanu et al. 10.1016/j.pce.2019.01.006
- Novel Index for Hydrological Drought Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Approach: Standardized Water Surface Index (SWSI) N. Alahacoon & M. Edirisinghe 10.3390/rs14215324
- Flood dynamics on the upper Letaba River, South Africa, deduced from luminescence dating J. Knight & M. Evans 10.1080/03736245.2024.2333764
- River connectivity and fish migration considerations in the management of multiple stressors in South Africa G. O'Brien et al. 10.1071/MF19183
- Detecting changes in fish behaviour in real time to alert managers to thresholds of potential concern M. Burnett et al. 10.1002/rra.4214
- Attributing the hydrological impact of different land use types and their long-term dynamics through combining parsimonious hydrological modelling, alteration analysis and PLSR analysis T. Gebremicael et al. 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.085
- Assessment of Hydrological Changes and Their Influence on the Aquatic Ecology over the last 58 Years in Ganjiang Basin, China Y. Huang et al. 10.3390/su11184882
- Principles and legal tools for equitable water resource allocation: prioritization in South Africa B. van Koppen et al. 10.1080/07900627.2023.2290522
- Impacts of Climate Change and Land-Use Change on Hydrological Extremes in the Jinsha River Basin Q. Chen et al. 10.3390/w11071398
- Forests as ‘sponges’ and ‘pumps’: Assessing the impact of deforestation on dry-season flows across the tropics J. Peña-Arancibia et al. 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.04.064
- Understanding the drivers of the catchment hydrological cycle of the Jonkershoek Valley catchment, South Africa R. Mokua et al. 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103731
- Trend analysis of hydrological and water quality variables to detect anthropogenic effects and climate variability on a river basin scale: A case study of Iran M. Fooladi et al. 10.1016/j.jher.2021.01.001
- Quantifying the impact of landscape changes on hydrological variables in the alpine and cold region using hydrological model and remote sensing data Z. Jin et al. 10.1002/hyp.14392
- Surface water availability in ungauged catchments of Sub-Saharan Africa: A case study from Luwombwa sub-catchment, Zambia D. Mwelwa et al. 10.1080/23570008.2024.2439586
- Historic water quality patterns in endemic schistosomiasis regions of southern Africa: Implications for disease vector distribution F. Letlaila et al. 10.1016/j.pce.2024.103657
Saved (preprint)
Latest update: 30 Jun 2025
Short summary
We studied long-term daily records of rainfall and streamflow of the Incomati River basin in southern Africa. We used statistical analysis and the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration tool to describe the spatial and temporal variability flow regime. We found significant declining trends in October flows, and low flow indicators; however, no significant trend was found in rainfall. Land use and flow regulation are larger drivers of temporal changes in streamflow than climatic forces in the basin.
We studied long-term daily records of rainfall and streamflow of the Incomati River basin in...
