Drivers of spatial and temporal variability of streamflow in the Incomati River basin

Saraiva Okello, A. M. L.; Masih, I.; Uhlenbrook, S.; Jewitt, G. P. W.; van der Zaag, P.; Riddell, E.

doi:10.5194/hess-19-657-2015

Articles | Volume 19, issue 2

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-657-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-657-2015

© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.

Articles | Volume 19, issue 2

Research article

|

02 Feb 2015

Research article |

| 02 Feb 2015

Drivers of spatial and temporal variability of streamflow in the Incomati River basin

A. M. L. Saraiva Okello, I. Masih, S. Uhlenbrook, G. P. W. Jewitt, P. van der Zaag, and E. Riddell

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Jul 2014	105	38	3	146
Aug 2014	65	47	1	113
Sep 2014	26	22	1	49
Oct 2014	8	18	0	26
Nov 2014	8	13	0	21
Dec 2014	3	13	1	17
Jan 2015	9	10	2	21
Feb 2015	163	98	9	270
Mar 2015	39	38	1	78
Apr 2015	40	23	3	66
May 2015	12	17	0	29
Jun 2015	43	20	1	64
Jul 2015	27	12	0	39
Aug 2015	13	13	0	26
Sep 2015	13	9	8	30
Oct 2015	24	8	22	54
Nov 2015	30	13	0	43
Dec 2015	13	15	0	28
Jan 2016	27	11	0	38
Feb 2016	18	12	3	33
Mar 2016	20	22	13	55
Apr 2016	9	7	0	16
May 2016	9	6	0	15
Jun 2016	8	4	0	12
Jul 2016	10	5	2	17
Aug 2016	8	6	0	14
Sep 2016	8	4	0	12
Oct 2016	14	3	1	18
Nov 2016	10	4	0	14
Dec 2016	5	3	0	8
Jan 2017	17	1	0	18
Feb 2017	15	1	3	19
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Jun 2017	27	3	2	32
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Aug 2017	13	14	3	30
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Nov 2017	13	24	0	37
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Mar 2018	8	14	1	23
Apr 2018	5	13	1	19
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Feb 2019	8	9	0	17
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Apr 2019	9	13	0	22
May 2019	8	12	0	20
Jun 2019	7	14	0	21
Jul 2019	10	12	0	22
Aug 2019	10	9	1	20
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Nov 2019	9	8	1	18
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Jan 2020	11	14	2	27
Feb 2020	7	3	0	10
Mar 2020	10	23	0	33
Apr 2020	5	17	2	24
May 2020	9	10	1	20
Jun 2020	10	9	0	19
Jul 2020	21	14	7	42
Aug 2020	13	13	8	34
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Oct 2020	4	5	0	9
Nov 2020	14	7	0	21
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Feb 2021	12	11	0	23
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Apr 2021	17	21	0	38
May 2021	12	14	0	26
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Aug 2021	6	15	0	21
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Oct 2021	9	43	3	55
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Jul 2022	13	4	0	17
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Oct 2022	13	6	1	20
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Dec 2022	12	5	1	18
Jan 2023	22	24	4	50
Feb 2023	28	21	1	50
Mar 2023	19	10	3	32
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May 2023	20	13	3	36
Jun 2023	14	16	0	30
Jul 2023	23	10	2	35
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Oct 2023	9	5	0	14
Nov 2023	5	5	1	11
Dec 2023	11	5	1	17
Jan 2024	23	11	0	34
Feb 2024	11	15	2	28
Mar 2024	17	22	3	42
Apr 2024	14	19	5	38
May 2024	14	18	1	33
Jun 2024	31	39	1	71
Jul 2024	35	26	3	64
Aug 2024	34	39	0	73
Sep 2024	7	26	0	33
Oct 2024	9	25	0	34
Nov 2024	10	23	0	33
Dec 2024	16	7	3	26
Jan 2025	13	7	0	20
Feb 2025	27	10	0	37
Mar 2025	31	7	0	38
Apr 2025	13	21	0	34
May 2025	26	14	1	41
Jun 2025	45	12	1	58
Jul 2025	25	9	2	36
Aug 2025	38	13	1	52
Sep 2025	57	13	0	70
Oct 2025	32	28	3	63
Nov 2025	16	11	0	27

Cumulative views and downloads (calculated since 29 Jul 2014)

Month	HTML	PDF	XML	Total
Jul 2014	105	38	3	146
Aug 2014	65	47	1	113
Sep 2014	26	22	1	49
Oct 2014	8	18	0	26
Nov 2014	8	13	0	21
Dec 2014	3	13	1	17
Jan 2015	9	10	2	21
Feb 2015	163	98	9	270
Mar 2015	39	38	1	78
Apr 2015	40	23	3	66
May 2015	12	17	0	29
Jun 2015	43	20	1	64
Jul 2015	27	12	0	39
Aug 2015	13	13	0	26
Sep 2015	13	9	8	30
Oct 2015	24	8	22	54
Nov 2015	30	13	0	43
Dec 2015	13	15	0	28
Jan 2016	27	11	0	38
Feb 2016	18	12	3	33
Mar 2016	20	22	13	55
Apr 2016	9	7	0	16
May 2016	9	6	0	15
Jun 2016	8	4	0	12
Jul 2016	10	5	2	17
Aug 2016	8	6	0	14
Sep 2016	8	4	0	12
Oct 2016	14	3	1	18
Nov 2016	10	4	0	14
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Feb 2017	15	1	3	19
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Apr 2017	31	4	0	35
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Aug 2018	15	19	1	35
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Oct 2018	15	21	0	36
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Feb 2019	8	9	0	17
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Jun 2021	12	13	0	25
Jul 2021	10	11	0	21
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Nov 2022	16	15	1	32
Dec 2022	12	5	1	18
Jan 2023	22	24	4	50
Feb 2023	28	21	1	50
Mar 2023	19	10	3	32
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May 2023	20	13	3	36
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Jan 2024	23	11	0	34
Feb 2024	11	15	2	28
Mar 2024	17	22	3	42
Apr 2024	14	19	5	38
May 2024	14	18	1	33
Jun 2024	31	39	1	71
Jul 2024	35	26	3	64
Aug 2024	34	39	0	73
Sep 2024	7	26	0	33
Oct 2024	9	25	0	34
Nov 2024	10	23	0	33
Dec 2024	16	7	3	26
Jan 2025	13	7	0	20
Feb 2025	27	10	0	37
Mar 2025	31	7	0	38
Apr 2025	13	21	0	34
May 2025	26	14	1	41
Jun 2025	45	12	1	58
Jul 2025	25	9	2	36
Aug 2025	38	13	1	52
Sep 2025	57	13	0	70
Oct 2025	32	28	3	63
Nov 2025	16	11	0	27

Latest update: 20 Nov 2025

Short summary

We studied long-term daily records of rainfall and streamflow of the Incomati River basin in southern Africa. We used statistical analysis and the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration tool to describe the spatial and temporal variability flow regime. We found significant declining trends in October flows, and low flow indicators; however, no significant trend was found in rainfall. Land use and flow regulation are larger drivers of temporal changes in streamflow than climatic forces in the basin.